logging in or signing up PLACIO - TEXTILE REPORT MTE donah_basco Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 118 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: August 14, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript Textile : Textile Placio, Randy, M MTE-AFT Slide 2: A textile is a flexible material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibres often referred to as thread or yarn. Yarn is produced by spinning raw wool fibres, linen, cotton, or other material on a spinning wheel to produce long strands.[1] Slide 3: Textiles are formed by weaving, knitting, crocheting, knotting, or pressing fibres together (felt). Fabric/ cloth- finished product Types : Types Natural fabrics created from the fibers of animals coats, the cocoons of silkworms, and plants seeds, leaves and stems. It is breathable, never cause rashes soft and durable. It does not change color from UV light Slide 5: Examples of Natural Fibers Cotton, Silk, Wool, Leather, Hemp, Coir, Jute, Linen, Ramie Slide 6: Synthetic fabrics These fabrics are made from fibers which are either completely made from inorganic materials or organic materials combined with chemicals. Examples are acrylic, acetate, nylon latex, polyester, rayon, spandex. Slide 7: MANUFACTURING PROCESS Material: Cotton : Material: Cotton Cultivating and Harvesting A. Ginning - The cotton gin separates seeds and removes the "trash" (dirt, stems and leaves) from the fibre. - By products: cotton seed (cooking oil), husks and meal (animal feed) and the stems (paper) Slide 9: II. Preparatory Process (preparation of yarn) A. Opening- the bale is broken open B. Picking- cotton gets beaten to loosen up, removing vegetable matter C. Carding- the fibres are separated and then assembled into a loose strand (sliver or tow) Slide 10: D. Combing- used to remove the shorter fibres, creating a stronger yarn. E. Drawing- the fibres are straightened Slide 11: III. Spinning (yarn manufacture) The spinning machines take the roving, thins it and twists it, creating yarn which it winds onto a bobbin. A. Checking- where each of the bobbins is rewound to give a tighter bobbin. Slide 12: B. Folding and Twisting- done by pulling yarn from two or more bobbins and twisting it together, in the opposite direction that in which it was spun Slide 13: C. Gassing- the process of passing yarn, as distinct from fabric very rapidly through a series of Bunsen gas flames in a gassing frame, in order to burn off the projecting fibres and make the thread round and smooth and also brighter. Slide 14: IV. Weaving The weaving process uses a loom. The lengthway threads are known as the warp, and the cross way threads are known as the weft. Slide 15: Concept: The warp which must be strong needs to be presented to loom on a warp beam. The weft, passes across the loom in a shuttle, that carries the yarn on a pirn. These pirns are automatically changed by the loom. Thus, the yarn needs to be wrapped onto a beam, and onto pirns before weaving can commence. Slide 16: A. Winding- the cotton thread is taken to a warping room where the winding machine takes the required length of yarn and winds it onto warpers bobbins. Slide 17: B. Warping- Racks of bobbins are set up to hold the thread while it is rolled onto the warp bar of a loom. Because the thread is fine, often three of these would be combined to get the desired thread count. Slide 18: C. Sizing- strengthening the warp by adding starch to reduce breakage of the yarns . D. Looming- drawing each end of the warp separately through the dents of the reed and the eyes of the healds, in the order indicated by the draft. Slide 19: E. Pirning- winding frame was used to transfer the weft from cheeses of yarn onto the pirns that would fit into the shuttle Slide 20: F. Weaving 1. Shedding 2. Picking 3. Beating-up G. Measurements -expressed as the number of picks and ends per quarter inch square. Slide 21: V. Finishing A. Desizing- Depending on the size that has been used, the cloth may be steeped in a dilute acid and then rinsed, or enzymes may be used to break down the size. Slide 22: B. Scouring- a chemical washing process carried out on cotton fabric to remove natural wax and non-fibrous impurities (eg the remains of seed fragments) from the fibres and any added soiling or dirt. Slide 23: C. Bleaching- improves whiteness by removing natural coloration and remaining trace impurities from the cotton D. Mercerizing- the fabric is treated with caustic soda solution to cause swelling of the fibres. This results in improved lustre, strength and dye affinity. Slide 24: E. Singeing- is designed to burn off the surface fibres from the fabric to produce smoothness. F. Raising- the fabric surface is treated with sharp teeth to lift the surface fibres, thereby imparting hairiness, softness and warmth. Slide 25: G. Calendering- the fabric is passed between heated rollers to generate smooth, polished or embossed effects depending on roller surface properties and relative speeds Slide 26: H. Shrinking- the fabric is forced to shrink width and/or lengthwise, creates a fabric in which any residual tendency to shrink after subsequent laundering is minimal. I. Dyeing- carried out with an anionic direct dye by completely immersing the fabric (or yarn) in an aqueous dyebath according to a prescribed procedure. Slide 27: J. Printing- the application of colour in the form of a paste or ink to the surface of a fabric, in a predetermined pattern. Slide 28: EVALUATION Slide 29: A flexible material consisting of natural or artificial fibres called yarns. a. wool b. textile c. fabric d. cloth Slide 30: 2. Fabrics made from inorganic or organic materials combined with chemicals. a. natural b. synthetic c. raw d. lint Slide 31: 3. The process wherein seeds are separated and “trash” is removed from the fibre. a. picking b. separating c. combing d. carding Slide 32: A loose strand is called… lint piece sliver yarn Slide 33: 5. The process of passing yarn through a series of Bunsen gas flames. a. checking b. scorching c. gassing d. drawing Slide 34: 6. It is the lengthwise grain of the fabric. a. warp b. weft c. woof d. lint Slide 35: 7. The process of adding starch to the warp to reduce breakage. a. pirning b. starching c. shedding d. sizing Slide 36: 8. It improves whiteness by removing natural coloration. a. whitening b. cleaning c. bleaching d. decoloring Slide 37: 9. The process wherein the fabric surface is treated with sharp teeth to lift the surface fibres. a. mercerizing b. singeing c. shrinking d. raising Slide 38: 10. It is the application of colour to the surface of a fabric in a predetermined pattern. a. printing b. dying c. calendering d. coating You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
PLACIO - TEXTILE REPORT MTE donah_basco Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 118 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: August 14, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript Textile : Textile Placio, Randy, M MTE-AFT Slide 2: A textile is a flexible material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibres often referred to as thread or yarn. Yarn is produced by spinning raw wool fibres, linen, cotton, or other material on a spinning wheel to produce long strands.[1] Slide 3: Textiles are formed by weaving, knitting, crocheting, knotting, or pressing fibres together (felt). Fabric/ cloth- finished product Types : Types Natural fabrics created from the fibers of animals coats, the cocoons of silkworms, and plants seeds, leaves and stems. It is breathable, never cause rashes soft and durable. It does not change color from UV light Slide 5: Examples of Natural Fibers Cotton, Silk, Wool, Leather, Hemp, Coir, Jute, Linen, Ramie Slide 6: Synthetic fabrics These fabrics are made from fibers which are either completely made from inorganic materials or organic materials combined with chemicals. Examples are acrylic, acetate, nylon latex, polyester, rayon, spandex. Slide 7: MANUFACTURING PROCESS Material: Cotton : Material: Cotton Cultivating and Harvesting A. Ginning - The cotton gin separates seeds and removes the "trash" (dirt, stems and leaves) from the fibre. - By products: cotton seed (cooking oil), husks and meal (animal feed) and the stems (paper) Slide 9: II. Preparatory Process (preparation of yarn) A. Opening- the bale is broken open B. Picking- cotton gets beaten to loosen up, removing vegetable matter C. Carding- the fibres are separated and then assembled into a loose strand (sliver or tow) Slide 10: D. Combing- used to remove the shorter fibres, creating a stronger yarn. E. Drawing- the fibres are straightened Slide 11: III. Spinning (yarn manufacture) The spinning machines take the roving, thins it and twists it, creating yarn which it winds onto a bobbin. A. Checking- where each of the bobbins is rewound to give a tighter bobbin. Slide 12: B. Folding and Twisting- done by pulling yarn from two or more bobbins and twisting it together, in the opposite direction that in which it was spun Slide 13: C. Gassing- the process of passing yarn, as distinct from fabric very rapidly through a series of Bunsen gas flames in a gassing frame, in order to burn off the projecting fibres and make the thread round and smooth and also brighter. Slide 14: IV. Weaving The weaving process uses a loom. The lengthway threads are known as the warp, and the cross way threads are known as the weft. Slide 15: Concept: The warp which must be strong needs to be presented to loom on a warp beam. The weft, passes across the loom in a shuttle, that carries the yarn on a pirn. These pirns are automatically changed by the loom. Thus, the yarn needs to be wrapped onto a beam, and onto pirns before weaving can commence. Slide 16: A. Winding- the cotton thread is taken to a warping room where the winding machine takes the required length of yarn and winds it onto warpers bobbins. Slide 17: B. Warping- Racks of bobbins are set up to hold the thread while it is rolled onto the warp bar of a loom. Because the thread is fine, often three of these would be combined to get the desired thread count. Slide 18: C. Sizing- strengthening the warp by adding starch to reduce breakage of the yarns . D. Looming- drawing each end of the warp separately through the dents of the reed and the eyes of the healds, in the order indicated by the draft. Slide 19: E. Pirning- winding frame was used to transfer the weft from cheeses of yarn onto the pirns that would fit into the shuttle Slide 20: F. Weaving 1. Shedding 2. Picking 3. Beating-up G. Measurements -expressed as the number of picks and ends per quarter inch square. Slide 21: V. Finishing A. Desizing- Depending on the size that has been used, the cloth may be steeped in a dilute acid and then rinsed, or enzymes may be used to break down the size. Slide 22: B. Scouring- a chemical washing process carried out on cotton fabric to remove natural wax and non-fibrous impurities (eg the remains of seed fragments) from the fibres and any added soiling or dirt. Slide 23: C. Bleaching- improves whiteness by removing natural coloration and remaining trace impurities from the cotton D. Mercerizing- the fabric is treated with caustic soda solution to cause swelling of the fibres. This results in improved lustre, strength and dye affinity. Slide 24: E. Singeing- is designed to burn off the surface fibres from the fabric to produce smoothness. F. Raising- the fabric surface is treated with sharp teeth to lift the surface fibres, thereby imparting hairiness, softness and warmth. Slide 25: G. Calendering- the fabric is passed between heated rollers to generate smooth, polished or embossed effects depending on roller surface properties and relative speeds Slide 26: H. Shrinking- the fabric is forced to shrink width and/or lengthwise, creates a fabric in which any residual tendency to shrink after subsequent laundering is minimal. I. Dyeing- carried out with an anionic direct dye by completely immersing the fabric (or yarn) in an aqueous dyebath according to a prescribed procedure. Slide 27: J. Printing- the application of colour in the form of a paste or ink to the surface of a fabric, in a predetermined pattern. Slide 28: EVALUATION Slide 29: A flexible material consisting of natural or artificial fibres called yarns. a. wool b. textile c. fabric d. cloth Slide 30: 2. Fabrics made from inorganic or organic materials combined with chemicals. a. natural b. synthetic c. raw d. lint Slide 31: 3. The process wherein seeds are separated and “trash” is removed from the fibre. a. picking b. separating c. combing d. carding Slide 32: A loose strand is called… lint piece sliver yarn Slide 33: 5. The process of passing yarn through a series of Bunsen gas flames. a. checking b. scorching c. gassing d. drawing Slide 34: 6. It is the lengthwise grain of the fabric. a. warp b. weft c. woof d. lint Slide 35: 7. The process of adding starch to the warp to reduce breakage. a. pirning b. starching c. shedding d. sizing Slide 36: 8. It improves whiteness by removing natural coloration. a. whitening b. cleaning c. bleaching d. decoloring Slide 37: 9. The process wherein the fabric surface is treated with sharp teeth to lift the surface fibres. a. mercerizing b. singeing c. shrinking d. raising Slide 38: 10. It is the application of colour to the surface of a fabric in a predetermined pattern. a. printing b. dying c. calendering d. coating