Slide 1 :Prevention :
a key for sucess Dominique GRANDJEAN
DVM, PhD, HDR
Colonel, Chief veterinarian, Paris Fire Brigade
Professor, Alfort National Veterinary School
Head of Canine Breeding and Sport Medicine Unit
Goals of a good preparation :Goals of a good preparation Sport performance Prevention of traumas/problems Better recovery after stamina Requires the best education of owner/trainer
Slide 3 :Optimisation
of performance Prevention/Treatment
of specific problems Nutrition Traumatology
Stress related affections
Loss of performance
Fast rehabilitation Sled dogs Genetics Behaviour Training Keys to performance Sled dogs
Slide 4 :BIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL SURVEY GENETIC SELECTION TRAINING PROGRAMS NUTRITION PLANS RESPECT OF HIGH MOTIVATION PERFORMANCE BY PREVENTION TRANSPORTATION LIFE IN KENNEL EQUIPMENTS
Slide 5 :A good physical performance starts
at the kennel
Slide 6 :Most sled dogs live in
(large) kennels with breeding activity 1/ Kennel design and management Global sanitory conditions Quarantine kennel Reproduction kennel Dogs behaviour impact
Slide 7 :2/ High rates of parasitism Intensive prophylactic programs Contaminated environments Education of owners / trainers Most sled dogs live in
(large) kennels with breeding activity
Slide 8 :Depressed imune response Life in collectivity 3/ Increased risks of infectious diseases Intensification / Enlargment of prophylactic programs
- Leptospirosis every 6 month
- Piroplamosis
- Herpesvirosis
- Coranovirosis Most sled dogs live in
(large) kennels with breeding activity
Slide 9 :Design of dog trucks 4/ Numerous trips abroad Most racing sled dogs travel a lot
Slide 10 :4/ Numerous trips abroad Problems related to air transportation of dogs Most racing sled dogs travel a lot
Slide 11 :. Local infectious diseases
. Local parasitic diseases
. Official documents
. Return to kennel 4/ Numerous trips abroad National sanitory regulations Most racing sled dogs travel a lot
Slide 13 :BIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL SURVEY GENETIC SELECTION TRAINING PROGRAMS NUTRITION PLANS RESPECT OF HIGH MOTIVATION PERFORMANCE BY PREVENTION TRANSPORTATION LIFE IN KENNEL EQUIPMENTS
Slide 14 :Actually based on breeders experience
Motivation : behaviour
Results : chrono, judge, discovery
Stamina : speed, endurance, resistance
Subjectivity +++
Variability +++
Credibility - - - Basics of genetic selection
Slide 15 :Trait
Searching ability
Finding Birds
Marking birds
Barking
Holding birds
Following birds
Total impression
Total score Repeatability
0.31
0.14
0.16
0.28
0.23
0.22
0.15
0.19 Heritability
0.07 0.03
0.11 0.03
0.04 0.02
0.02 0.02
0.18 0.04
0.10 0.03
0.09 0.03
0.11 0.03 [Vangen, 1989] Repeatabilities and heritabilities
for the most important traits
of the finish spitz
Slide 16 :Trait
Follow up leash
Follow up no leash
Defense
No conductor
Ref. Food
Attack
Total impression
Total score Heritability
0.03
0.09
0.00
0.28
0.00
0.54
0.06
0.17 [Degauchy, 1992] Heritabilities for different work qualities
in the Malinois Belgian shepherd
Slide 17 :Yi = m + ai+ mi + ei Yi = one performance for one dog « i »
m = mean of the standardized perfomances
for individuals belongiong to group of dogs « i »
ai = genetic value of dog « i »
mi = total identified environmental effects (quantified)
influencing performance Yi
ei = total of unidientified environmental effects influencing performance Yi
(other races, position, food…) Performance index Heritability studies Genetic selection
Slide 19 :BIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL SURVEY GENETIC SELECTION TRAINING PROGRAMS NUTRITION PLANS RESPECT OF HIGH MOTIVATION PERFORMANCE BY PREVENTION TRANSPORTATION LIFE IN KENNEL EQUIPMENTS
Slide 20 :Respect a high degree of motivation 1 - Keep the dog happy
2 - Avoid overtraining 3 - As early as possible diagnosis of problems
4 - Stress consequences survey
Slide 21 :Environmental Stress
Overcrowding
Poor sanitation
Intestinal parasites
Infectious diseases
Poor nutrition
Poor vaccinations
Poor quarantine
Poor husbandry
Racing injuries
Temperature
Humidity
Iatrogenic injuries Emotional stress
Fighting
Prerace excitment
Transport
Competition for food
Need for exercise
Sexual competition
Overwork [Holloway, 1998] Causes of stress in the racing sled dog
Slide 22 :Overtraining consequences Basedow-like (symp.) Early fatigue
Hyperexcitation
Sleep troubles
Anorexia
Body weight loss
Tachycardia
Slight hyperthermia
Delayed recovery
Exercise hyperpnea
Tremors Addison like (parasymp.) Early fatigue
Inhibition
Sleep normaly
Eats normaly
Constant body weight
Bradycardia
Temperature normal
Recovery normal
Respiration normal
Dyscoordination
Slide 24 :BIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL SURVEY GENETIC SELECTION NUTRITION PLANS RESPECT OF HIGH MOTIVATION PERFORMANCE TRANSPORTATION LIFE IN KENNEL EQUIPMENTS TRAINING PROGRAMS
Slide 25 :Good training
program Feeding plan Energy metabolism TRAIN / MAINTAIN / DETRAIN Respect
Motivation Designed of physical training program Biological
survey Basic principles
• progressive
• permanent
Slide 26 :Training programs Fuels utilization in racing sled dogs 2 principles to elaboratea good training program Knowledge of the mainsource of energy Adapt the overloading principle to developthe efficiency of thisparticular energy source
Slide 27 :Type of race
Ultra-marathon race
Long distance race
Stage race
Mid distance race
Sprint race Example
Iditarod, Finmark, Quest
Montana, Femund, Kobuk
Wyoming, AttaBoy, Alpirod
EC, WC
EC, WC p100 VO2 max
30
50
70 ➙ 110
80 ➙ 110
90 ➙ 120
Slide 28 :Marathon Stage Sprint Fast recovery Aerobic power Anaerobic power “Fat” + O2 Glycogenresynthesis
Slide 29 :Interval training Endurance training Resistance training
Slide 30 :General principles for good training Volume
Intensity Yearlings Trained adults Time 1/ Training load must grow progressively
Slide 31 :Training programs Preparation Training Maintain Transition Competition Detraining 2/ Training load must permanent
Slide 32 :Training programs 2/ Training load must permanent Avoid cuts in the training program holidays (…)
traumas (physiotherapy)
sickness (early restart)
For each type of competition the training puzzle will be different :For each type of competition the training puzzle will be different Motivation Respect
of biology Speed Explosivity Proprioception Endurance Resistance Strenght
Slide 34 :Sporting performance capacity Respect the principle
of overloading Strive for regular (annual)
improvement in performance Take into account
the primary energy source
in relation to the effort demanded Respect
psychological and behavioural
constraints
(individuality, paly time) Factors of physical condition and
neuromuscular coordination
(endurance, strength, speed, mobility)
Slide 36 :BIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL SURVEY GENETIC SELECTION TRAINING PROGRAMS NUTRITION PLANS RESPECT OF HIGH MOTIVATION PERFORMANCE BY PREVENTION TRANSPORTATION LIFE IN KENNEL EQUIPMENTS
Slide 37 :Biological survey of racing sled dogs Is the dog able to compete ?
Is « training » efficient ?
Can the performance be predicted ?
Slide 38 :1/ Complete clinical examination
Cardiopulmonary system
Musculoskeletal examination
• observation of stance and gait
• assessment of the range of flexion and
extension of the joints
• palpation of superficial musculature
Feet problems detection
Mucosas
2/ Official documents Individual ID [microchips]
Sanitory documents
Dedicated rules Veterinary evaluation of the ability
to compete
Slide 39 :Biological survey of racing sled dogs Is the dog able to compete ?
Is « training » efficient ?
Can the performance be predicted ?
Slide 40 :DYNAMIC TESTS Standardized field test
Same trial repeated each month
Comparison Tf vs T0
Body temperature, Lactates, Free fatty acids
Evolution of VO2 max
Determination of VO2 max
Anaerobic threshold
• Treatmill and static equipment
• K4 Cosmed equipment Evaluation of training efficiency
Slide 41 :Biological survey of racing dogs Is the dog able to compete ?
Is « training » efficient ?
Can the performance be predicted ?
Slide 42 :Prediction of performance Impossible
Slide 43 :BIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL SURVEY GENETIC SELECTION TRAINING PROGRAMS NUTRITION PLANS RESPECT OF HIGH MOTIVATION PERFORMANCE BY PREVENTION TRANSPORTATION LIFE IN KENNEL EQUIPMENTS
Slide 44 :Equipments Sleds
Lines
Harnesses
Booties
…
Slide 45 :BIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL SURVEY GENETIC SELECTION TRAINING PROGRAMS NUTRITION PLANS RESPECT OF HIGH MOTIVATION PERFORMANCE BY PREVENTION TRANSPORTATION LIFE IN KENNEL EQUIPMENTS
Slide 46 :Nutritional strategies
for racing sled dogs
Slide 47 :The key points of racingsled dogs nutrition Feed the correct amount of energy
Feed the correct quality of energy
Feed a diet coping with induced stress consequences
Feed a very highly concentrated diet
Feed a highly concentrated diet
Adapt food distribution to each dog
Allways prevent dehydratation
Learn how to read in the stolls
There is no « magic », no « guru », in nutrition
Genetic + training + nutrition at the same level
Slide 48 :1 – Physiology
Increased Energy Expenditure
Aero and/or Anaerobic stamina
Quality of nutritional energy
Impact of nutrition on VO2 max
High level of cellular oxidative stress
Extracellular dehydration Specificities of working dogs
Slide 49 :2 – Type of work
Hard physical stamina
speed
resistance
endurance
jump
Stressing nose work
… Paris New York Specificities of working dogs
Slide 50 :3 – Hostile environments Cold (Alaska) Warm (Argentina) Altitude (Chile) Specificities of working dogs
Slide 51 :4 – Stress related pathology
Stress Diarrhea Dehydration Syndrom
Rhabdomyolisis
Water diabetis
Traumatology Specificities of search and rescue dogs
Slide 52 : Proteins in the diet [Prot/Cal Ratio > 70]
↪ Endocrynology of stress
↪ Prevention of « Sport Anemia »
Energy transfers [L. carnitine, SCFA]
↪ VO2 max
↪ lactate production
Muscle oxigenation [Omega 3 fatty acids]
Inflammation
Oxidative Stress [Vitamin E, C, polyphenols, SOD,…]
↪ Prevention of related pathologies
↪ lenght of the dog’s carrier Research conducted with U.M.E.S.
by Royal Canin
Performance :Performance Prévention
Slide 55 :TRAINING
VO2 max
Lactates Tolerance
Muscle Power
Anaerobic Lactic Power
Movement balance
Work as a game
Red cell count
Oxidative stress GOALS
ENDURANCE
RESISTANCE
STRENGHT
SPEED
PROPRIOCEPTION
MOTIVATION
OXYGEN TRANSPORT
STRESS NUTRITION
Fueling : fat…
LDH : Zn ; Vitamins B…
Solid bones and tendons : Prot, Ca, P…
Fueling : glycogen, Vit B…
Quality of joints : gags, omega3, oe…
Neuromediators : amino-acids
Sports anemia: proteins
Antioxidant nutrients
Slide 56 :Feed the correct amount of energy Rest 1100 kcal Iditarod 11000 kcal 4000 kcal Complément
[# 4800 kcal/kg] Dryfood
[#4800 kcal/kg] The key points
of racing sled dogs nutrition
Slide 57 :Work Complément Dryfood Casein Eqt 30 p100
Satured fat 30 p100
MSC fat 25 p100
Omega 6/3 fat 4/1p100
Yeast 4p100
MVC 6p100 “45/45” “30/30”
Slide 58 :Feed the correct quality of energy Long satured fatty acids
Short and Medium chains fatty acids
Omega 3 fatty acids
Glycogen resynthesis The key points
of racing sled dogs nutrition
Slide 59 :Feed a diet coping with induced
stress consequences Related problems . Stress Diarrhea Dehydratation Syndrom
. Rhabdomyolisis
. Sudden Death Syndrom
. Cognitive functions
. Performance The key points
of racing sled dogs nutrition
Slide 60 :Nutritional approach of stress prevention . Protein level > 30p100 DM/En [PCR > 65 g / Megacol]
. Omega 3 fatty acids
. Antioxydants
vitamin E/C
polyphenols
bioflavonoids
SOD
…
. Clays, FOS, MOS, psyllium The key points
of racing sled dogs nutrition Feed a diet coping with induced
stress consequences
Slide 61 :. Top quality dry food up to 4000 - 5000 kcal / day
then
. Top quality energy / protein complement Feed a highly digestible / concentrated diet The key points
of racing sled dogs nutrition
Slide 62 :. Individual gastric response to stress [dry or watery]
. Divide meals as much as possible
. As early as possible after racing Food distribution The key points
of racing sled dogs nutrition
Slide 63 :. Recovery helpers : 30 minutes after stamina
glycogene recharge
energy enhancers
. Immediate energy sources
short-Medium Chain fatty acids
isotonic electrolytes Food distribution Snacks Reynolds, 1996 The key points
of racing sled dogs nutrition
Slide 64 :. Dogs education in kennel
. Use or abuse of electrolytes
. Fat oxidation is metabolic water
. Long distance : requirements x 2 to 3 Food distribution The key points
of racing sled dogs nutrition
Slide 65 :. L carnitin
. Vitamin E
. Vitamin C
. Vitamins B
. GAGS
. Lutein, carotene, polyphenols
. Probiotics
. … Ergogenic aids carotene The key points
of racing sled dogs nutrition
Slide 66 :BIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL SURVEY GENETIC SELECTION TRAINING PROGRAMS NUTRITION PLANS RESPECT OF HIGH MOTIVATION PERFORMANCE IS NO MAGIC TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENTS LIFE IN KENNEL
Slide 67 :Improvement Genetics Motivation Training Nutrition OPTIMIZATION Working performance Maintenance Proprioception Early diagnosis Physiotherapy Specific
nutrients PREVENTION
Slide 68 :THANK YOU !
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