Nutrition and training in working dogs

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Why must training and nutrition stay closely related in working dogs ? Dominique GRANDJEAN DVM, PhD, HDR Colonel, Chief Veterinarian, Paris Fire Brigade Professor, National Veterinary School of Alfort Head of Canine Breeding and Sport Medicine Unit

Genetic selection : 

Genetic selection Respect of high motivation Specific education Dedicated equipments Housing and handling Biological and medical survey Physical training Adapted nutrition

There is no universal physicalcapacity in the dog : 

There is no universal physicalcapacity in the dog Training and nutrition must be adapted

For each type of work / sport the training puzzle will be different : 

For each type of work / sport the training puzzle will be different Motivation Respect of biology Speed Explosivity Proprioception Endurance Resistance Strenght

Performance : 

Performance Prévention

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Physical training programs

Physical training of working dogs : 

Why ?  Endurance [working time]  Resistance [intensity of work]  Proprioception [easy movments]  Addiction [prevention of stress]  Explosivity [jumps] Physical training of working dogs

Physical training of working dogs : 

How ? 1- Endurance work • Elevation of the dog’s VO2 max • Long regular stamina, progressive, low to mid intensity • 3 runs weekly on 3, 5, 7 km at a speed of 12-14 km/h • Beware of overtraining Physical training of working dogs

Physical training of working dogs : 

How ? 2- Resistance work • Swimming (pool, lake), once a week for 30 minuts • Interval training work ➙ round trips with toy  5 repetitions of 10 exercices resting time = ½ running time progressive diminution of resting time ➙ run on treadmill  increase speed every 2-3 minuts with 1 minut of rest in between • Up and downhill runs Physical training of working dogs

Physical training of working dogs : 

How ? 3- Proprioception work • Downhill runs • Dedicated obstacles Physical training of working dogs

Physical training of working dogs : 

How ? 4- Addiction to…. • Noises • People • Smokes, fire • Darkness • Gaps • … Physical training of working dogs

Physical training of working dogs : 

How ? 4- Addiction to… … hostile environments Physical training of working dogs

Physical training of working dogs : 

How ? 4- Addiction to… …noises Physical training of working dogs

Physical training of working dogs : 

How ? 4- Addiction to… … people Physical training of working dogs

Physical training of working dogs : 

How ? 4- Addiction to… Variation in fields, times, weathers COUNTRY : ARGENTINE VILLE : BUENOS-AIRES FLIGHT TIME 14 hours BEGINNING OF SEARCH : 3 hours after arrival TEMPERATURE : 45°C Physical training of working dogs

Physical training of working dogs : 

How ? 5- Explosive force • Pure Musculation  weightpulling (tyre)  mantel with weight • Jumps  length  high Physical training of working dogs

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Specific work education plans

Conseptual model of overeaching, recovery, supercompensation, and overtraining : 

Conseptual model of overeaching, recovery, supercompensation, and overtraining Performance Time Adaptation Acute overeaching Rebound New lever of performance Overtrained Original level of performance

Schematic genesis of overtraining syndrom : 

Schematic genesis of overtraining syndrom Training load Competition Non training stress factors Recovery I M B A L A N C E Neuromuscular overload Sympayhetic overload Metabolic overload Psychomental overload Adrenal overload Altered ommune function Peripheral fatigue Altered mood state Central fatigue Altered reproduction function Oxidative stress consequences PERFORMANCE INCOMPETENCE

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Nutrition programs Provide an optimal quality of energy in adequate amounts Minimize the volume and weight of the intestinal bolus Help keep the animal properly hydrated Take into account the dog’s body shape Help maximize results of tother ergogenic activities Fill physiological gaps created by stress Be a true preventive factor for stamina related gastrointestinal problems

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TRAINING VO2 max   Lactates Tolerance Muscle Power Anaerobic Lactic Power Movement balance Work as a game Red cell count   Oxidative stress   GOALS ENDURANCE RESISTANCE STRENGHT SPEED PROPRIOCEPTION MOTIVATION OXYGEN TRANSPORT STRESS NUTRITION Fueling : fat… LDH : Zn ; Vitamins B… Solid bones and tendons : Prot, Ca, P… Fueling : glycogen, Vit B… Quality of joints : gags, omega3, oe… Neuromediators : amino-acids Sports anemia: proteins Antioxidant nutrients

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Sled dogs on Hi Fat Diet Ordinary dogs Pre Hi Fat Diet Comparison of VO2 max between sled dogs, ordinary dogs on low fat diet, and ordinary dogs on high fat diet ml oxygene/Kg*sec 3 2 1 0 [REYNOLDS, 1996] Ordinary dogs Post Hi Fat Diet 2,78 2,01 2,98

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Sled dogs on Hi Fat Diet Ordinary dogs Pre Hi Fat Diet Comparison of maximal fat oxidation in sled dogs, ordinary dogs on low fat diet, and ordinary dogs on high fat diet µmoles O2/min*Kg 3 2 1 0 [REYNOLDS, 1996] Ordinary dogs Post Hi Fat Diet 2,746 2,052 2,993

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Sled dogs on Hi Fat Diet Ordinary dogs Pre Hi Fat Diet Comparison of mitochondrial volume between sled dogs, ordinary dogs on low fat diet and high fat diet Mitochondrial volume % per fiber 12 8 4 0 [REYNOLDS, 1996] Ordinary dogs Post Hi Fat Diet 15,04 11,59 15,97 16

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Training Nutrition