Slide 1:First aid for search and rescue dogs in operation Dominique GRANDJEAN DVM, PhD, HDR Colonel, Chief Veterinarian, Paris Fire Brigade Professor, National Veterinary School of Alfort Head of Canine Breeding and Sport Medicine Unit


Traumatology :Traumatology Syncopes Wounds General rules Feet Stress, Environment


Slide 3:Avoid bites caused by pain First aid in SAR dogs General rules


Slide 4:Properly evacuate the dog to a safe area First aid in SAR dogs General rules


Slide 5:If no veterinarian on site, learn how to make injections First aid in SAR dogs General rules a) Pinch the skin a) Pierce the skin c) Inject the product


Slide 6:First aid in SAR dogs General rules If no veterinarian on site, learn how to make injections


Traumatology :Traumatology Syncopes Wounds General rules Feet Stress, Environment


Slide 8:Interdigital lesions First aid in SAR dogs Treatment of feet problems « strawberries » « cracks » « crevasses»


Slide 9:Interdigital lesions First aid in SAR dogs Treatment of feet problems Norway Tar Base Hyperoxigenated Fatty Acid Antibiotic Ointments  Foot ointments


Slide 10:Plantar pad lesions First aid in SAR dogs Treatment of feet problems Pad cut Pad abrasion Whole pad wound


Slide 11:Plantar pad lesions First aid in SAR dogs Treatment of feet problems  Moleskin patches


Slide 12:Plantar pad lesions First aid in SAR dogs Treatment of feet problems  Wound treatment


Slide 13:Plantar pad lesions First aid in SAR dogs Treatment of feet problems  Protective booties


Slide 14:Interphalangian luxations First aid in SAR dogs Treatment of feet problems


Slide 15:Interphalangian luxations First aid in SAR dogs Treatment of feet problems 1. Dog is absolutely needed for work Efficient pain-killer (previcoxND) Bandage


Slide 16:Interphalangian luxations First aid in SAR dogs Treatment of feet problems 2. Delayed action : surgery


Traumatology :Syncopes Wounds General rules Feet Stress, Environment Traumatology


Slide 18:Osteo-articular traumas First aid in SAR dogs Traumatology Sprains


Slide 19:Osteo-articular traumas First aid in SAR dogs Traumatology Sprains


Slide 20:Osteo-articular traumas First aid in SAR dogs Traumatology Luxations


Slide 21:Osteo-articular traumas First aid in SAR dogs Traumatology Fractures


Slide 22:First aid in SAR dogs Traumatology Fractures Osteo-articular traumas


Slide 23:Osteo-articular traumas First aid in SAR dogs Traumatology Fractures


Slide 24:Osteo-articular traumas First aid in SAR dogs Traumatology Fractures : attention to vertebral problems


Slide 25:Muscles and tendons problems First aid in SAR dogs Traumatology  Cramp : involuntary permanent contraction of the muscle gradually regresses through stretching  Ache : type of myalgia appearing after inhbitual exertion, with local infalmmation regresses when the muscles is warmed up  Contracture : involuntary contraction of some muscle fibers requires deep massage  Tendinitis : inflammation of the tendon requires spécific treatment


Slide 26:Muscles and tendons problems First aid in SAR dogs Traumatology  When no lesion


Slide 27:Muscles and tendons problems First aid in SAR dogs Traumatology  Sprain, pulled muscle, rupture  Dog out of work for weeks


Slide 28:Muscles and tendons problems First aid in SAR dogs Traumatology  Acute rhabdomyolysis ➙ pain ➙ myoglobinuria ➙ spécific medical treatment


Traumatology :Traumatology Syncopes General rules Feet Stress, Environment Wounds


Slide 30:Simple skin cuts First aid in SAR dogs Wounds treatments  Clean up (Deep wounds ➙ H2O)  Avoid infection (Netadine)  Suture if necessary  Bandage (pressure if veinous blood)


Slide 31:Important blood losses First aid in SAR dogs Wounds treatments  Vital emergency


Traumatology :Traumatology Wounds General rules Feet Stress, Environment Syncopes


Slide 33:Evaluate life functions First aid in SAR dogs Syncopes  Dog conscious ?


Slide 34:Evaluate life functions First aid in SAR dogs Syncopes  Dog breathing ? Respiratory frequency : Large dog ➙ 12-15 Small dog ➙ 15-20


Slide 35:Evaluate life functions First aid in SAR dogs Syncopes  Heart beating ? How ? Large dog ➙ 60-80 bt/minMedium dog ➙ 80-100 bt/min Small dog ➙ 100-120 bt/min Respiratory frequency :


Slide 36:Evaluate life functions First aid in SAR dogs Syncopes  Heart beating ? How ?


Slide 37:Dog is not conscious First aid in SAR dogs Syncopes Collar off Explore mouth, tongue out Free upper respiratory apparatus


Slide 38:Respiratory syncopes First aid in SAR dogs Syncopes Causes - obstruction of upper respiratory apparatus - abnormal air composition - Straight syncope Signs - No thorax or abdomen respiratory movment


Slide 39:Respiratory syncopes First aid in SAR dogs Syncopes If the dog is unconscious but still breathing - Lay down on the right side - Free upper respiration apparatus as much as possible - Survey ➙ veterinarian


Slide 40:Respiratory syncopes First aid in SAR dogs Syncopes If the dog is unconscious but not breathing « Mouth to nose » - Blow air 12 to 20 times per minut depending on dog’s size Thorax must move up Respiration must restart spontanously within 2 minuts (…)


Slide 41:Cardiac syncopes First aid in SAR dogs Syncopes


Slide 42:Cardiac syncopes First aid in SAR dogs Syncopes


Slide 43:First aid in SAR dogs Syncopes Cardiac syncopes


Slide 44:First aid in SAR dogs Syncopes Cardiac syncopes Heart massage technique ▪ Small dog or dog with flat chest : - place one hand on each side of the chest, just behind the elbows - keep the hands flat and press with the heels of the hands


Slide 45:First aid in SAR dogs Syncopes Cardiac syncopes Heart massage technique ▪ Large dog with round chest or overweighted dog : - lay the animal on its right side - massage behind the point of the elbow (4th-6th intercortal space) - press the heel of your hand behind the dog’s elbow - put your hand on top of first hand


Slide 46:First aid in SAR dogs Syncopes Cardiac syncopes Rythm 1 nose insufflation for 5 heart massages work for 1 minut then avaluate Redo for 2 minuts if negative result … then find a veterinarian !


Traumatology :Traumatology Wounds General rules Feet Stress, Environment Syncopes


Slide 48:First aid in SAR dogs Stress and environmental problems Heatstroke high body temperature possible coma, syncope convulsions Cerebral oedema


Slide 49:First aid in SAR dogs Stress and environmental problems Heatstroke fresh air, shadow progressive cooling (back neck first) find a veterinarian Syncope : trinitrine spray under the tongue


Slide 50:First aid in SAR dogs Stress and environmental problems Frostbites painfull necrosis scrotum, penis mammary glands, vulva never on feet


Slide 51:First aid in SAR dogs Stress and environmental problems Frostbites warm up (38° Celsius) protect from infection antibiotics (oinment, general)


Slide 52:First aid in SAR dogs Stress and environmental problems Acute mountain sickness possible agressivity slow work digestive problems pulmonary oedema cerebral oedema


Slide 53:First aid in SAR dogs Stress and environmental problems Acute mountain sickness antioxidants diuretics (low dosage) karsivanND, previcoxND


Slide 54:First aid in SAR dogs Stress and environmental problems Venimous bites symptoms depend on type of venimous toxins  local oedema, inflammation, pain  local digestive symptoms  neurologic symptoms  hemorragic symptoms  respiratory and cardiac symptoms


Slide 55:First aid in SAR dogs Stress and environmental problems Venimous bites Carry the dog Cool down the bite Clean the wound FIND A VETERINARIAN Suck the wound Open or suck the wound Stop blood flow DANGEROUS CONSEQUENCES


Slide 56:Conclusion : Individual first aid kit


Slide 57:SAR Dog handlers shoud be Aware of First Aid approach for their dogs Trained by dedicated veterinarians Able to early detect abnormalities on dogs Mandatory knowledge for SAR Missions