Doaa.M.Reda CLL ppt

Chronic lymphatic leukemia:

Chronic lymphatic leukemia Under supervision of Prof.Dr . Mokhtar El- Zawahry By doaa mohamed reda

outlines:

outlines Formation of normal blood cells Definition of chronic lymphatic leukemia “CLL” Etiology of CLL Incidence of CLL Symptoms & signs of CLL Prognosis of CLL Molecular genetics of CLL Medical diagnosis of CLL Molecular diagnosis of CLL Medical treatment of CLL Molecular treatment of CLL conclusions

Formation of normal blood cells:

Formation of normal blood cells Red blood cells, most white blood cells, and platelets are produced in the bone marrow, the soft fatty tissue inside bone cavities. Different types of white blood cells, such as T and B lymphocytes, B lymphocytes are produced in the lymph nodes and spleen, and T lymphocytes are produced and mature in the thymus gland.

What is leukemia?:

What is leukemia? Leukemia is a cancer of the white blood cells. Blood cells are produced by the bone marrow . Usually , people with leukemia have more white blood cells than normal. These leukemia cells behave differently from healthy white blood cells. The four main types of leukemia are : Chronic Lymphocytic (CLL) Acute Lymphoblastic (ALL) Chronic Myeloid (CML) Acute Myeloid (AML)

Definition of chronic lymphatic leukemia:

Definition of chronic lymphatic leukemia The most common type of leukemia. CLL affects B cell lymphocytes by damaging the DNA of a B cell, so it cannot produce antibodies.

Cont.:

Cont. The term " chronic " it comes from the fact that it typically progresses more slowly than other types of leukemia. The term " lymphocytic " it comes from the cells affected by the disease (a group of white blood cells called lymphocytes )

Etiology of chronic lymphatic leukemia:

Etiology of chronic lymphatic leukemia

Age:

Age

Sex:

Sex

Race:

Race

Family history:

Family history

chemicals:

chemicals

Autoimmune disease :

Autoimmune disease

Incidence of Chronic lymphatic leukemia :

Incidence of Chronic lymphatic leukemia

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Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in the United States, Canada, and Western Europe, whereas it is rare in Japan

Signs and Symptoms of Chronic lymphatic leukemia :

Signs and Symptoms of Chronic lymphatic leukemia

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lymph nodes fever Night sweats

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Weight loss Tiredness Frequent episodes of infection

Prognosis of Chronic Lymphatic Leukemia :

Prognosis of Chronic Lymphatic Leukemia There are two different major staging methods : The Rai system The Binet system .

Rai system:

Rai system

Binet system:

Binet system

Molecular Genetics of Chronic Lymphatic Leukemia :

Molecular Genetics of Chronic Lymphatic Leukemia Chromosome abnormalities can be detected in approximately 50% of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).

Cont.:

Cont. Deletion of 13q14 : deletion of the region 14 on the long "q" arm of chromosome 13 Trisomy 12 : The 12th chromosome pair 12 has three chromosomes, instead of the usual two. " Trisomy " versus "diploid"

Cont.:

Cont. Deletion at 11q23 : The region 23 of the long "q" arm of chromosome 11 is deleted 17p13 deletion or mutation : Abnormalities involving the very important p53 tumor suppressor gene).

Cont.:

Cont. The BCL-1, BCL-2, and BCL-3 oncogenes: Oncogenes “BCL-1, BCL-2, and BCL-3” are commonly rearranged by translocations to the immunoglobulin genes in B-cell malignancies.

Medical Diagnosis of Chronic Lymphatic Leukemia:

Medical Diagnosis of Chronic Lymphatic Leukemia Physical exam and history Complete blood count (CBC) Cytogenetic analysis Immunophenotyping Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

Molecular diagnosis of Chronic Lymphatic Leukemia:  :

Molecular diagnosis of Chronic Lymphatic Leukemia: By microRNAs molecular diagnosis of cancer. By fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). By Oligonucleotides , Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) Analysis.

Medical treatment of Chronic Lymphatic Leukemia  :

Medical treatment of Chronic Lymphatic Leukemia Chemotherapy Radiation therapy Interferon therapy Surgery

Molecular treatment of Chronic Lymphatic Leukemia :

Molecular treatment of Chronic Lymphatic Leukemia Monoclonal antibody Are man-made drugs that are designed to recognize certain proteins on the surface of cells. Monoclonal antibody treatments used for CLL are designed to destroy lymphocytes.

Cont.:

Cont. Allogeneic and Autologous bone marrow transplantation: If an individual receives stem cells from a matched donor, the type of stem cell transplant is called allogeneic . If the individual's own stem cells are reintroduced back into the patient, the infusion is called autologous .

Cont.:

Cont. Anti- Idiotypic Vaccines: A vaccine made of antibodies that see other antibodies as the antigen and bind to it. Anti- idiotype vaccines can stimulate the body to produce antibodies against tumor cells.

Cont.:

Cont. Gene Therapy Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells can be made to express recombinant CD40-ligand by transduction with a replication-defective adenovirus vector (Ad-CD154). Ad-CD154–transduced leukemia cells become highly effective antigen-presenting cells that can induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

Conclusion :

Conclusion Since cancer is a multi-factorial disease, there is a variety ways of diagnosis and also a variety ways of treatment, hoping to get the variety ways of curing those diseases not only treating 