Ayurvedic System of Medicine

Ayurvedic System of Medicine : 

Gadade Dipak Dept. of Pharmaceutics, Bhagwan College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad Ayurvedic System of Medicine 2/17/2010 1

Introduction : 

Ayur (life) and veda (science or knowledge) Upaveda of Atharveda Ayurveda deals with -herbs plants, anatomy and physiology of body and principles of tretment of diseases Charaka samhita- Oldest text of Ayurveda edited from Agnivesh Samhita by Charaka (Physician of Kanishka) Agnivesh- founder of medicine(diciple of Sage Atreya) Sushruta samhita- author Sushruta (Father of surgical medicine) Nagarjuna- App. Of chemistry, metallurgy & alchemy to medicine (Philosopher, Physician and alchemist) He written Rasa-Ratnakar, Rasa-kachhaputa and Yoga Sataka Introduction Charka Sushruta Nagarjuna Dhanwantari 2/17/2010 2

Theory and Basic Concepts : 

Ayurveda is based on three fundamental principles Panchamahabhuta Siddhanta Tridosha theory Rasa-Guna-Virya-Vipaka-Prabhava Siddhanta Theory and Basic Concepts 2/17/2010 3

Pancha Mahabhuta Siddhanta : 

Every substance is combination of panchamahabuta Each of it have own chr’ features, properties & means of identification Perfect balance of P.M.-healthy state Distubed balanace of P.M.-Illness Prithvi- Shape and form of body Apa- Moisture , Liquidity & lubrication Agni & Fire- Heat & energy Vayu- Prana-Vital force controlling respiration Akash- Vacuoles and pores responcible for tranportation of nutritional elements Pancha Mahabhuta Siddhanta 2/17/2010 4

Tridosha Theory : 

Dosha means impurities Imbalance of doshas cause diseased state Vata- Vayu & Akash- Chr’: lightness & mobility balanced vata bring about by respiration and imbalace is bring by cold weather & vata quality diet Pitta- Agni & Fire- Chr’: hot,bright & acidic balanced pitta helps in digestion & energy production and inbalance is caused by hot, spicy food & in summer Kapha- Prithvi & Apa- Chr’: Watery & heavy balanced kapha affords lubrication of joints & stability of body while imbalance is by weeather, spring, heavy metal & too much rest Tridosha Theory 2/17/2010 5

Rasa-Guna-Virya-Vipaka-Prabhava Siddhanta : 

Important pharmacological principle of dravya or drug These principles cover all chr’s of drug Rasa- Therapeutically active agent Guna- Quality Virya- Active principle by which potency is characterized Vipaka- End product of digestion Prabhava- Actual therapeutic activity of drug Rasa-Guna-Virya-Vipaka-Prabhava Siddhanta 2/17/2010 6

Other Concepts : 

Tridosha- Dhatu- Mala Siddhanta Dhatus: Rasa, Raktam, Mansa, Meda, Asthi, Majja, shukra and oja Mala: Purisha (Feaces), Mutra (Urine), Sweda (Sweat) Triguna: Satva (Good), Raja (Aggressiveness), Tama (Dullness) Other Concepts 2/17/2010 7

Panchkarma : 

Procedures adopted for cleansing of body and mind accumuladted waste Snehan- Smoothnig of body with massage with antivatic sesame oil Swedan- Steaming of body for removal of sweda and for lightning Vaman- Expulsion of Kapha dosha with large quantities of qwath (8 to 10 lit.) Virechan- Expulsion of sputum with of Rechak Dravya Basti- Clansing of urino genital systm with medicatedenmas. Panchkarma 2/17/2010 8

Treatment : 

Treatment of the disease consists in avoiding causative factors responsible for disequilibrium of the body matrix through the use of Panchkarma procedures, medicines, suitable diet, activity and regimen for restoring the balance and strengthening the body mechanisms to prevent or minimize future occurrence of the disease. Types of Treatment : The treatment of disease can broadly be classified as Shodhana therapy (Purification Treatment with panchkarma) Shamana therapy (Palliative Treatment for reconstituion of humor-doshas) Pathya Vyavastha (Prescription of diet and activity- do’s and don’ts of diet ) Nidan Parivarjan (Avoidance of disease causing and aggravating factors) Satvavajaya (Psychotherapy) Rasayana therapy (use of immunomodulators and rejuvenation medicines) 2/17/2010 9 Treatment

Branches of Treatment in Ayurveda : 

Branches of Treatment in Ayurveda 2/17/2010 10

Ayurveda and diet : 

An individual’s mental and spiritual development as well as his temperament is influenced by the quality of food consumed by him. Food in human body is transformed first into chyle or Rasa and then successive processes involve its conversion into blood, muscle, fat, bone, bone-marrow, reproductive elements and ojas. Thus, food is basic to all the metabolic transformations and life activities. Lack of nutrients in food or improper transformation of food lead to a variety of disease conditions. 2/17/2010 11 Ayurveda and diet

Types of Drug Formulation : 

Types of Drug Formulation 2/17/2010 12

Imp. Ayurvedic Drugs and their Uses : 

2/17/2010 13 Imp. Ayurvedic Drugs and their Uses

Imp. Ayurvedic Drugs and their Uses : 

2/17/2010 14 Imp. Ayurvedic Drugs and their Uses

Introduction to some Auyur. Dosage forms… : 

Arishtha: Mediacted weak alcoholic liquors prepared by fementation Raw material: Veg. juices with honey or jaggery plants parts like roots, leaves & barks cut into pieces and Decoction is prepared Honey or jaggery is mixed with Decoction of drug Fermentation is carried out for about 7 to 10 days in hot condition and 15 to 30 days in cold conditions. eg. Arjurishtha, Khadirarishtha 2/17/2010 15 Introduction to some Auyur. Dosage forms…

Introduction to some Auyur. Dosage forms : 

Asava Mediacted alcoholic liquors prepared by fementation Raw material: Veg. juices with honey or jaggery plants parts like roots, leaves & barks cut into pieces and infusion is prepared Honey or jaggery is mixed with infusion of drug Fermentation is carried out for about 6 months generally used as stomachic, stimulant, tonic & astringent, etc. Eg. Kumariasava, 2/17/2010 16 Introduction to some Auyur. Dosage forms

Introduction to some Auyur. Dosage forms… : 

Vatika: Decoction of crude drug is prepared and converted to soft extrat to thick consitancy It is mixed with powdered medicines, raw sugar, honey, gum, etc. to form pill mass Pill mass is converted to pill pipe and pills are prepared from it to form vatika 2/17/2010 17 Introduction to some Auyur. Dosage forms…

Introduction to some Auyur. Dosage forms… : 

Churna: Powdered mixtures of minerals, animal or vegetable substances prepared in morter-pestle Powdered mixture then passed through cloth, linen or fine sieve. Equal quantity of jaggery or double the quantity of sugar is mixed with powdered mixture. It is taken with milk, hot water or cow’s urine. Eg. Sitophaladi churna, Ashwagandha churna 2/17/2010 18 Introduction to some Auyur. Dosage forms…

Introduction to some Auyur. Dosage forms… : 

Tailas: Medicated oils are prepared by boiling drugs in water, milk, or other liquids Water is completely removed from preparation Tailas are generally used for external local application some are also used internally Eg. Nilgiri Taila (Eucalyptus Oil) , Til Taila (Sesame Oil) 2/17/2010 19 Introduction to some Auyur. Dosage forms…

Introduction to some Auyur. Dosage forms… : 

Ghrita These are medicated ghees or clarified butter Ghees or butter is heated on fire to remove water Little turmeric juice is then added to purify it. Purified ghruta mixed with drug powder or decoction of drug and heated in earthen pot, copper pot or iron pan to remove traces of water. It is strained through cloth and preserved for use. Used internally. 2/17/2010 20 Introduction to some Auyur. Dosage forms…

Slide 21: 

2/17/2010 21 Sushruta performing Surgery 4,000 years ago. Published by MNC Park Davies Drug company

References : 

Rangari, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemiistry, Career Publication, Nasik. pp. 9-17. http://indianmedicine.nic.in 2/17/2010 22 References

Slide 23: 

Thank you…… 2/17/2010 23