ROBOTICS

ROBOTICS & ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE:

ROBOTICS & ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE by, A.Deepika Sri Subha . C.Selva Lakshmi . II IT P.S.R.Engineering College,sivakasi

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OVERVIEW: ROBOTICS DEFINITION HISTORY&DEVELOPMENT TYPES APPLICATIONS SHORTCOMINGS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENGE

ROBOTICS :

ROBOTICS “Robotics” is the science and technology of Robots, their design, manufacture, and application The word “Robotics” was first used in print by Isaac Asimov , in his science fiction short story "Runaround" (1941).

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Reprogrammable Multifunctional manipulator To move material, parts, tools -(Robot Institute of America ) Automatic Device performs functions normally ascribed to humans or a machine in the form of a human -(Webster dictionary) DEFINITION:

History &Development:

History &Development The word robot was introduced by Czech writer Karel Čapek in his play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots) written in 1920 derived from the word “Robotovat” which means “to slave” or “to work” -Leonardo da Vinci (1495) first recorded designs of a humanoid robot early automation - Jacques de Vaucanson(1738) humanoid robot known as Elektro -Westinghouse(1930)

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Pick and place -Moves items between points Continuous path control -Moves along a programmable path Sensory -Employs sensors for feedback Types

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Moves items from one point to another Does not need to follow a specific path between points Pick & Place

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Continuous path control Moves along a specific path Uses include welding, cutting, machining parts.

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Sensory Uses sensors for feedback. Closed-loop robots use sensors in conjunction with actuators to gain higher accuracy – servo motors.

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Rotation encoders Cameras Pressure sensors Temperature sensors Limit switches Optical sensors Sonar Feedback control

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Essential Parts Actuators Power source Electric motors Linear actuators Series elastic actuators Muscle wire Elastic nanotubes

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GENERAL COMPONENTS General Components of an industrial Robot:- Manipulator The part of the robot that performs the task Controller Brain or computer center which coordinates the robot’s movements Power supply Hydraulic Pneumatic Electric Vacuum Often a combination; the end-effectors mostly pneumatic Vehicle Used to move the robot on a track, free wheels, treads, or some type of legs/feet

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Tasks which are: Dangerous Space exploration chemical spill cleanup disarming bombs disaster cleanup Boring and/or repetitive Welding car frames part pick and place manufacturing parts. High precision or high speed Electronics testing Surgery precision machining. Tasks

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Space Exploration Two important devices exist which are proven space robots Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) Remote Manipulator System (RMS ) Applications of Robots

Applications of Robots:

Applications of Robots This picture shows a Historic Space Handshake between Shuttle and Space Station Robots - Image Courtesy of CSA

Applications of Robots:

Applications of Robots Robotic Wheelchair can facilitate patient locomotion

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Applications of Robots

Applications of Robots:

Applications of Robots Manufacturing Probably the industry which uses robots the most. Robots are useful in repetitive tasks and also work for longer durations without breaks. e.g. Robots in car production assembly line

Applications of Robots:

Applications of Robots Agriculture Robots can do the work that took a dozen harvesters to do at the same time. Robots are used for harvesting, reaping and sowing purposes. They are sometimes called, ‘ Agrobots ’.

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Shortcomings of Robots Are not creative or innovative Do not think independently Do not make complicated decisions Do not learn from mistakes Do not adapt quickly to changes in their surroundings

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Introduction To Artificial Intelligence OVERVIEW: Introduction / Terminology Examples of Agencies SPOT & Fresh Kitty RoboCup Applications of AI and Robotics More Examples The Humanoid COG

Terminology:

Terminology Artificial Intelligence – The collective attributes of a computer, robot, or other device capable of performing functions such as learning, decision making, or other intelligent human behaviors. Autonomous Agent – A hardware (or software) based system that has the following properties: autonomy - able to operate without the direct intervention of humans or others social ability - able to interact with other agents and possibly humans reactivity - able to perceive their environment and respond to changes that occur in it Agency – A particular system composed of intelligent agents, such as computers or robots, that cooperate in order to solve a problem. Behavior Engineering – A methodology used to develop behavior- based autonomous agents.

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SPOT & Fresh Kitty

Fresh Kitty:

Fresh Kitty Modular, inexpensive, autonomous mobile robot 4 wheel toy car design Max. speed of 1 foot/sec On-board microcomputer supervises and supports the exchange of information Rotating turret holds 4 sonars Turret also holds an infrared sensor to detect infrared rays 32 light sensors detect objects in front of the robot Bumpers all around the robot used to follow walls Radio modem to communicate with remote agents

SPOT:

SPOT Autonomous mobile robot 2 independent wheel design Max. speed of 1 foot/sec On-board microcontroller supervises and supports the exchange of information Turret that holds infrared emitters that can be detected at a distance of up to 20 feet Bumpers all around the robot used to follow walls Radio modem to communicate with remote agents

How do SPOT and Fresh Kitty work together?:

How do SPOT and Fresh Kitty work together? SPOT also holds a small brush on its back SPOT finds a wall and uses its bumper system and sensors to follow edges and collect dust with its brush Through radio frequency and infrared communication SPOT can bring the dust back to Fresh Kitty who has a vacuum cleaner waiting to suck it up

RoboCup:

RoboCup Robots must cooperate in… Strategy acquisition Real-time reasoning Multi-agent collaboration Competition against another team of robots RoboCup is an international research effort to promote autonomous robots.

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Each robot has… Pentium 233MHz Linux OS Video camera and frame grabber Sensor System Kicker ROBO CUP

How to the robots make decisions?:

How to the robots make decisions? Control is based on a set of behaviors Each behavior has a set of preconditions that either… Must be satisfied Are desired A behavior is selected when all of the “musts” become true A behavior is selected from several behaviors based on how many desired conditions are true

Applications of AI and Robotics:

Applications of AI and Robotics Industrial Automation Services for the Disabled Vision Systems Planetary Exploration Mine Site Clearing Law Enforcement And Many Others…

More Examples:

More Examples Autonomouse The Ants TJ

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COG

The Humanoid COG:

The Humanoid COG MIT’s finest Broken down COG is just a bunch of sensors and actuators Except for legs and a flexible spine, COG has all the major degrees of freedom of the human upper body Sight exists through video cameras Hearing, touch, hand motion, and speech are being added soon

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Working volume Accuracy Repeatability Speed and acceleration Resolution REACHED CLIMB BECAUSE OF:

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Got idea about the “ALL ROUNDER OF THE FUTURE GENERATION”??????

Why build a human-like robot?:

Why build a human-like robot? Our bodies are critical to the representations that we use for internal thought and language If a robot is looks like a human then it will be natural for humans to interact with it in a human-like way To develop similar task constraints CONCLUSION

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Thank you Deepika srisubha.A , Selva Lakshmi.C B.TECH,I.T II YR