Clip: Dr. Daxaben Mehta Principal, Smt. S. C. U. Shah Home Science And C.U.Shah Arts &Commerce Mahila College Wadhwancity, Dist: Surendranagar Scientific Writing
PowerPoint Presentation: Scientific Writing Types of Scientific Publication Outline Language Structure & Preparation of a Paper Title - Author Abstract Key words
PowerPoint Presentation: Types of Scientific Publication Oral presentations Written presentations Books and book chapters Review papers Journal articles Science magazines, Newspaper articles Writing for Grants
PowerPoint Presentation: Extension leaflets and posters Conference posters Annual reports, quarterly reports and project reports, Conference abstracts Conference/Workshop proceedings Letter to journals and book reviews Types of Scientific Publication
PowerPoint Presentation: Description Of An Outline Value Of The Outline Developing The Outline Outline
PowerPoint Presentation: Language Language Simple accurate Precise Brevity Grammar Active voice
PowerPoint Presentation: Structure of a Paper Introduction Materials & Methods Results – Tables & Figures Discussion Conclusion References Acknowledgements
PowerPoint Presentation: The major sections required in a paper are often abbreviated in the acronym “ IMRaD ” meaning; Introduction, Methodology (Materials and Methods), Results, and Discussion. Other sections are clearly necessary (a title, abstract, references, etc.) Structure of a Paper
PowerPoint Presentation: Thesis Main difference is the style and layout-Monograph Use university guidelines Extended literature review Main body split into sections/chapters A chapter on methodology Discussion - Compare results with previous publications Discuss implications
PowerPoint Presentation: Writing for Grants Research outline Synopsis of research Plan of research Research/project proposal Thesis plan
PowerPoint Presentation: Regardless of your research area and the methodology you choose, all research proposals must address the following questions: What you plan to accomplish why you want to do it and how you are going to do it. Research Proposal
PowerPoint Presentation: Research Proposal The (Longer) Standard Model A Basic Proposal Outline: Introduction Topic area Research question Significance to knowledge
Research Proposal : Research Proposal Literature review Previous research others & yours Interlocking findings and Unanswered questions Your preliminary work on the topic The remaining questions and inter-locking logic Reprise of your research question(s) in this context
Research Proposal : Research Proposal Methodology Approach - Data needs Analytic techniques Plan for interpreting results Expected results Discussion and Conclusion Budget and Bibliography (or References)
Research Proposal : Elements of Research Proposal Title Introduction Statement of the problem Rationale/justification/significance of the research Scope and limitations of the study Review of literature Objectives of the research
Elements of Research Proposal : Elements of Research Proposal Operational definitions of terms used Hypothesis - Methodology Used Time schedule/work plan Budget/estimated cost built up Organization of the report/chapter outline Bibliography/References Conclusions - Appendix
Elements of Research Proposal: Elements of Research Proposal Title First page – title of the research; researcher’s name; name of institute/organization where the researcher belongs; name of the sponsoring organization, name of the supervisor, co-supervisor; date; etc In selecting the title, the following points should be taken care of:
Elements of Research Proposal: Title Reflect the theme of the research Be self-explanatory Be brief Language be simple and unambiguous Be specific to a particular domain Bracket; arithmetic figures, etc be avoided Avoid confusing meaning
Title : Introduction Introduction Thereoretical background Background of the problem Etc Statement of the problem Definition Nature Extent
Introduction : Rationale Rationale/justification/significance of the research Importance Addressing the national context problem Bridging the knowledge gaps Useful to the society/community Present state of affairs Affected stakeholders
Rationale: Scope Scope and limitations of the study Boundaries of the research Aspects and issues addressed Shortcomings of the research – resource and time constraints
Scope: Review of literature Researches so conducted; vital information Issues discussed; unaddressed issues Relevancy to the present research Finding out information/knowledge gaps
Review of literature : Objectives of the research Contextual/consistent to the title Concise, clear-cut, expressed in simple language, precise, self-explanatory Distinctive, quantifiable , measurable Two types of objectives : general/broad/overall; specific
Objectives of the research : Hypothesis Operational definitions of terms used Clear-cut meaning of the terms used Hypothesis Proposition subject to verification May be null, accepted, rejected Guide/lead the research
Hypothesis : Methodology Selection of appropriate approach Tools/techniques to be used Data collection techniques Data processing, analysis, interpretation techniques Data/information presentation techniques
Methodology: Work Plan Budget Time schedule/work plan Time line of the assigned tasks Time line of the resource flow – 3Ms Budget/estimated cost built up Cost built up – resource personnel, support staff, stationery, transport, utilities, house rents, miscellaneous, etc
Work Plan Budget: Organization Organization of the report/chapter outline Outline of the dissertation/report Four major parts of the report: introductory, findings and discussion, summary, and conclusion
Organization: Organization Part Desired share (%) Acceptable share (%) Introductory 10 15 Findings and Discussion 80 70 Summary and Conclusion 10 15 Total 100 100
Organization: Bibliography Bibliography/References Related documents to be consulted/studies Follow technicalities in writing Bibliography/references To be presented in alphabetic order To be presented in classified manner viz., manuscripts, books, journals, commission reports, newspapers, etc
Bibliography: Conclusion State about the feasibility of the proposed research/study Upcoming challenges Upcoming treats, difficulties, hindrances Make a conclusive remak
Conclusion : Tips and Tricks Read and read - Take notes Talk to supervisors, experts, fellows Write topics and topics Get confused, get afraid Generate a number of research questions Systematize research questions Cut down these in line with your coherent thinkings
Tips and Tricks : Common Mistakes To provide context to frame research question(s) To delimit the boundary of research issue(s) To cite landmark studies undertaken so far To present accurate theoretical background of the study To focus the research questions(s)
Common Mistakes : Common Mistakes To develop coherent and persuasive arguments Too much detailed or too much short on major issues Too much rambling – going all over without clear cut sense of direction Incorrect citation/references Too long or too short
Common Mistakes : DOs and DO NOTs DO Produce/prepare a professional looking proposal Make it interesting Make it informative, meaningful Write easy way to read Present content in a page Use clear headings/sub-headings
DOs and DO NOTs: DOs and DO NOTs DO Be concise, precise Check spelling, grammar Present in accurate/acceptable format DO NOTs Use no ward which you do not understand Use of difficult ward unimpressive to the readers/ supervisor/ authoruty
DOs and DO NOTs: Scientific Writing THANK YOU