Scientific Method

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Steps of the Scientific Method Notes = Green

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Science is “characterized by a systematic gathering of information through various forms of direct and indirect observations and the testing of this information by methods including, but not limited to, experimentation.” Experiment: Organized series of steps used to test a probable solution to a problem, commonly called a hypothesis.

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1. State the problem: What is the problem? Usually stated in the form of a question Example: Will taking one aspirin a day for 60 days decrease blood pressure in females ages 12-14? 2. Research the problem: Gather information on the problem 3. Form a probable solution, or hypothesis, to your problem: Make an educated guess as to what will solve the problem. Should be done in an if-then format. Example: If a female aged 12-14 takes one aspirin a day for 60 days, then her blood pressure will decrease.

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4. Test your hypothesis: Do an experiment. Example: Test 100 females, ages 12-14, to see if taking one aspirin a day lowers blood pressure in those females. Independent Variable: The variable you change, on purpose in an experiment. To remember - “I” change it In this experiment: taking the aspirin or not is the independent variable Dependent Variable: The response to the independent variable Example: whether blood pressure is affected or not

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Control: The group, or individual, that does not receive the independent variable Constants: Conditions that remain the same in the Experiment (only females, only ages 12-14, only one aspirin a day, etc.) 5. Recording and analyzing the data: Usually organized into data tables and then graphed for ease of understanding and visual appeal

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Types of Graphs Bar Graph: used to compare data Line Graph: shows change over time Pie (circle) Graphs: show parts of a whole

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6. Stating a conclusion: What does all the data mean? Is your hypothesis supported? 7. Repeating the work: Possibly the most important part of scientific inquiry! When an experiment can be repeated and the same results achieved by different experimenters, the experiment is validated.

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Let's try it out!