SKIN CANCERS POWERPOINT PRESENTATION SKIN CANCER

SKIN CANCERS : 

SKIN CANCERS Many photos and information courtesy of Dr Cliff Rosendall Dr Alan Cameron SCCANZ and Dermoscopy atlas

What is a skin cancer : 

What is a skin cancer It is a mutation in the skin with more aggressive growth potential and lacking general structural restraints. Due to numerous factors including sun damage Family history (genetics) Exposure to certain chemicals and foods

Chemicals and foods : 

Chemicals and foods Arsenic – sheep dip ,pottery glazing, wells Tars Dry cleaning liquids Asbestos Fibreglass Chemotherapy Smoking Solarium use (esp. under 35 yrs old)

Risk factors to identify : 

Risk factors to identify Fair skin blue eyes(type 1, 2 Fitzpatrick skin) Previous melanoma/skin cancer and family history Occupational exposure (sun or chemicals) Immune suppressed – organ transplants Multiple moles Previous chemical exposure Sun burned history especially when young Illnesses- leukaemia ,rheumatoid arthritis

Prevalence : 

Prevalence Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the world affecting up to 40% of all north Queenslanders over 50 years old 1 in 200 Australians will develop melanoma (I think this is very conservative) 3 Australians die each day from melanoma. 6 a day in the UK

But remember : 

But remember It is also the easiest cancer to treat if diagnosed early -as it is visible and exposed –you only need to be able to recognise it and understand the risks that lie below the surface

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IF IN DOUBT ...REFER TO A SKIN CANCER DOCTOR because if you cut the surface off and leave the roots –it will spread deeper and become more aggressive

Mechanism of formation : 

Mechanism of formation

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epidermis dermis Damage to skin External causes – sun etc Internal causes Hereditary- already there awaiting a “trigger”

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epidermis dermis Non invasive stage – contained in epidermis – IEC-intra epidermal squamous cell cancer Superficial basal cell cancer Melanoma in situ, Hutchinson's melanotic freckle

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epidermis dermis Invasive stage BCC SCC Invasive Melanoma

WHAT TO LOOK OUT FOR : 

WHAT TO LOOK OUT FOR

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ANYTHING NEW OR WAS NOT THERE BEFORE

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ANY ODD OR DIFFERENT LESION THE UGLY DUCKLING SYNDROME

ANY GROWING OR CHANGING LESION : 

ANY GROWING OR CHANGING LESION

Anything bleeding itching or a lesion that keeps coming back : 

Anything bleeding itching or a lesion that keeps coming back

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Nodular bcc

SIMPLE ABC RULE : 

SIMPLE ABC RULE A – asymetry B – border C – colour D – diameter E – elevation F – firmness G - growing

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AsymmetryAsymmetry can be assessed by comparing one half of the growth to the other half to determine if the halves are equal in size. -Unequal or asymmetric moles are suspicious. Symmetric (normal) Asymmetric

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REGULAR IRREGULAR

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Single colour Multiple colours

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DiameterAny mole that has a diameter larger than a pencil's eraser in size (> 6 mm) should be considered suspicious

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ElevationIf a mole is elevated, or raised from of the skin, it should be considered suspicious.

THE MOST IMPORTANT TOOL IS THE DERMATOSCOPE : 

THE MOST IMPORTANT TOOL IS THE DERMATOSCOPE

TAKE HOME MESSAGE : 

TAKE HOME MESSAGE IF YOU ARE GOING TO REMOVE ANY LESION BY CAUTERY, LASER, IPL, HYPHRECATION , SHAVING ,CRYOTHERAPY OR EXCISION GET A DERMATOSCOPE AND LEARN HOW TO DIFFERENTIATE BENIGN FROM MALIGNANT LESIONS

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REMEMBER IF YOU ONLY PARTLY DESTROY A LESION IT WILL CONTINUE TO GROW UNDER THE SKIN AND GET ANGRIER

TYPES OF LESIONS : 

TYPES OF LESIONS BENIGN PRE-MALIGNANT MALIGNANT

BENIGN : 

BENIGN CONGENITAL and INK SPOT NAEVI JUNCTIONAL AND DERMAL NAEVI AGE SPOTS – SEBORRHEIC KERATOSES FRECKLES SOLAR LENTIGO VASCULAR -HAEMANGIOMAS CAMPBELL DE MORGAN BLUE NAEVI

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CONGENITAL NAEVI CONGENITAL NAEVUS

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DERMAL NAEVUS

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SEBORRHEIC KERATOSIS

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Seborrheic keratoses

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freckles

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SOLAR LENTIGO

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HAEMANGIOMA

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BLUE NAEVUS

PRE-MALIGNANT : 

PRE-MALIGNANT SUN SPOTS, ACTINIC KERATOSES, SOLAR KERATOSES DYSPLASTIC NAEVUS SPITZ NAEVUS

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SOLAR KERATOSES

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DYSPLASTIC NAEVI

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SPITZ NAEVI

MALIGNANT : 

MALIGNANT NON MELANOCYTIC BCC SCC MELANOCYTIC MELANOMA

BCC : 

BCC SUPERFICIAL NODULAR MICRONODULAR SCLEROSING BASI SQUAMOUS

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bcc

SCC : 

SCC INTRA EPIDERMAL SCC – BOWENS, SCC IN SITU POORLY DIFFERENTIATED SCC MODERATELY DIFFERENTIATED SCC WELL DIFFERENTIATED SCC Kerato-akanthoma

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scc

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Kerato acanthoma

MELANOMA : 

MELANOMA Hutchinsons melanotic freckle Lentigo maligna Melanoma in situ Superficial spreading melanoma Acral melanoma Subungual melanoma NODULAR MELANOMA

LESIONS BY COLOUR : 

LESIONS BY COLOUR Black /blue Pink White Red Brown Yellow mixed

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BLACK OR BLUE MELANOMA BLUE NAEVUS BCC SPITZ NAEVUS STRANGULATED POLYP OR HAEMANGIOMA INK SPOT NAEVUS SEBORRHEIC KERATOSIS

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Pink MELANOMA BCC SCC KA VASCULAR LESIONS SOLAR KERATOSES SEBORRHEIC KERATOSES

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WHITE MELANOMA SCARS FUNGAL VITILIGO

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RED MELANOMA VASCULAR LESIONS KA BCC SCC

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BROWN MELANOMA NAEVI FRECKLES BCC SCC

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YELLOW ALL KERATINISING LESIONS IEC SCC KA SOLAR KERATOSES SEBORRHEIC KERATOSES

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MIXED MELANOMA BCC CONGENITAL NAEVUS DYSPLASTIC NAEVUS SEBORRHEIC KERATOSIS

TREATMENT : 

TREATMENT EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND EXCISION WITH ADEQUATE MARGINS

THANK YOU : 

THANK YOU