03 - PBS Definitions and Traditional Approaches to BTC

Positive Behaviour Support Framework : 

Positive Behaviour Support Framework

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Traditional (Outdated) Approaches to Behaviours that Challenge : 

Traditional (Outdated) Approaches to Behaviours that Challenge Example Interventions Verbal reprimands Negative consequences Taking away privileges Suspension Reactive “What do we do when.. John…..?” Negative consequences

Outdated Approaches to Behaviour : 

Exercise 1 (Pause DVD) “Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it” (Robert Santayana) Outdated Approaches to Behaviour

What are negative consequences? (Punishment) : 

What are negative consequences? (Punishment) Taking something away from someone e.g. Privileges, favourite activities, food, drink, tokens Giving out or reprimanding someone Time out as a punishment Corporal punishment e.g. slapping, hitting with a ruler, intentionally making someone uncomfortable

What’s the problem with “consequences” & punishment? : 

What’s the problem with “consequences” & punishment? Easy to use inappropriately In situations which don’t warrant it Retribution Negative effects on the service user It can provoke a negative reaction in the SU Service user trying to escape the situation Models punishment: Teach service users that punishment is an acceptable way to interact with others Damage relationships No alternative to behaviours that challenge is taught

What’s the Problem with Reactive Approaches : 

What’s the Problem with Reactive Approaches “The lower the investment in fire prevention, the greater the investment that will be required in fighting fires …and fighting fires is by far the more risky and demoralising option” (Allen, 2002) “…if you focus on crisis management alone, what you typically find is that problem behaviours occur again at some future time, thereby making the crisis management necessary. You can become trapped in a scenario that has no end, except in frustration and despair.” (Carr et al., 1994)

Positive Behaviour Support : 

Positive Behaviour Support “An applied science that uses educational methods to expand an individual’s behaviour repertoire… and systems change methods to redesign an individual’s living environment… to achieve first, an enhanced quality of life and secondarily to minimize problem behaviour.” (Page 3)

Positive Behaviour Support : 

Positive Behaviour Support Educational methods Systems change methods To… Teach new skills Create environments which support appropriate behaviour and are associated with low likelihoods of behaviours that challenge (Page 8)

Slow Change in Ethos and Approach : 

Slow Change in Ethos and Approach Traditional Approaches to Behaviour Positive Behaviour Support Negative consequence focussing on reducing negative behaviour Reactive Restrictive Crisis Management Positive interventions supporting positive behaviour Focus on prevention (+ environments) Plans to reduce the use of restrictive interventions & crisis management Page 8

Traditional Approaches vs. PBSKey Points : 

Traditional Approaches vs. PBSKey Points What is the difficulty with traditional approaches to behaviours that challenge? Reactive: focus on consequences to behaviour and crisis management Focus on using negative consequences for behaviour Focus on behaviour reduction only How is positive behaviour support different? Focuses on proactive interventions using preventative approaches Focuses on positive approaches encouraging positive behaviour Focus on improvements in quality of life and beh. reduction

Traditional Approaches vs. PBSKey Points : 

Traditional Approaches vs. PBSKey Points What is the difficulty with traditional approaches to behaviours that challenge? Reactive: focus on consequences to behaviour and crisis management Focus on using negative consequences for behaviour Focus on behaviour reduction only How is positive behaviour support different? Focuses on proactive interventions using preventative approaches Focuses on positive approaches encouraging positive behaviour Focus on improvements in quality of life and beh. reduction PAUSE DVD