Ionic Compounds

IONIC COMPOUNDS : 

IONIC COMPOUNDS 1 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

Atomic Structure(see handout – Atomic Structure & Periodic Table ) : 

Atomic Structure(see handout – Atomic Structure & Periodic Table ) Atoms are made of subatomic particles PROTONS & NEUTRONS Found in the nucleus Both have mass Protons carry a positive charge Electrons Have negligible mass Carry a negative charge Orbit the nucleus within electron shells NUCLEUS PROTONS NEUTRONS ELECTRONS Electron Shells 2 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

Atomic Structure : 

Atomic Structure Properties of Subatomic Particles 3 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

Slide 4: 

REVIEW OF IONS 4 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

IONS : 

IONS Ions are groups of atoms which carry a negative electrical charge or positive electrical charge Normal atoms are neutral (no electrical charge) BUT Atoms are not stable unless the valence shell is completely filled 5 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

VALENCE SHELL : 

VALENCE SHELL Atoms are not stable unless the last shell (valence shell) is “filled up” with electrons Oxygen Atom has 6 electrons in valence shell It is not stable! 6 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

How do Atoms Become Ions? : 

How do Atoms Become Ions? Atoms will gain (steal) or lose (give away) electrons to obtain a full valence shell Gains 2 electrons 7 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

FORMING IONS : 

FORMING IONS 8 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

Slide 9: 

9 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

IONIC CHARGE : 

IONIC CHARGE Examples: ATOMS  Na Ca I O IONS  Na+ Ca+2 I- O-2 10 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

CATIONS : 

CATIONS Cations are ions which carry a positive charge Formed when atom loses an electron 1 electron lost 11 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

ANIONS : 

ANIONS Anions are ions which carry a negative charge Formed when atom gains an electron gains 2 electrons 12 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

PREDICTING IONS : 

PREDICTING IONS In general Metals like Magnesium lose electrons ---> cation Mg  Mg2+ + 2e- Non-metals like oxygen gain electrons ---> anions O + 2e-  O2- 13 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

IONIC CHARGES : 

IONIC CHARGES 14 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

Slide 15: 

GROUP 1 15 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

Predicting Ionic Charges : 

Predicting Ionic Charges Group 1A: Lose 1 electron to form 1+ ions H1+ Li1+ Na1+ K1+ Rb1+ 16 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

Slide 17: 

GROUP 2 17 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

IONIC CHARGES : 

IONIC CHARGES 18 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

Predicting Ionic Charges : 

Predicting Ionic Charges Group 2A: Loses 2 electrons to form 2+ ions Be2+ Mg2+ Ca2+ Sr2+ Ba2+ 19 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

Slide 20: 

GROUP 13 / 3A 20 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

Predicting Ionic Charges : 

Predicting Ionic Charges Group 3A: Loses 3 electrons to form 3+ ions B3+ Al3+ Ga3+ 21 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

IONIC CHARGES : 

IONIC CHARGES 22 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

Slide 23: 

GROUP 14 / 4A 23 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

Predicting Ionic Charges : 

Predicting Ionic Charges Group 4A: Lose 4 electrons or gain 4 electrons? Neither! Group 4A elements rarely form ions. 24 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

Slide 25: 

GROUP 15 / 5A 25 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

Predicting Ionic Charges : 

Predicting Ionic Charges Group 5A: Gains 3 electrons to form 3- ions N3- P3- As3- Nitride Phosphide Arsenide 26 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

Slide 27: 

GROUP 16 / 6A 27 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

Predicting Ionic Charges : 

Predicting Ionic Charges Group 6A: Gains 2 electrons to form 2- ions O2- S2- Se2- Oxide Sulfide Selenide 28 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

Slide 29: 

GROUP 17 / 7A 29 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

Predicting Ionic Charges : 

Predicting Ionic Charges Group 7A: Gains 1 electron to form 1- ions F1- Cl1- Br1- Fluoride Chloride Bromide I1- Iodide 30 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

Slide 31: 

GROUP 18 / 8A 31 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

Predicting Ionic Charges : 

Predicting Ionic Charges Group 8A: Stable noble gases do not form ions! 32 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

Charges on Common Ions : 

Charges on Common Ions By losing or gaining e-, atom has same number of e-’s as nearest Group 8A atom. 33 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

Predicting Ionic Charges : 

Predicting Ionic Charges Group B elements: Many transition elements have more than one possible ion (oxidation state) Iron (II) = Fe2+ Iron (III) = Fe3+ Note the use of Roman numerals to show charges 34 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

Slide 35: 

IONIC COMPOUNDS 35 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

Ionic Compounds : 

Ionic Compounds Compounds Created by joining atoms Example Sodium + Oxygen = Sodium Chloride (salt) Iron + Oxygen = Iron Oxide (rust) 36 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

IONIC CHARGES : 

IONIC CHARGES 37 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

Ionic Compounds : 

Ionic Compounds Ionic Compounds These are compounds between metal ions and non-metal ions Ionic compounds are created when electrons are transferred between atoms resulting in an electrostatic force 38 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

Ionic Compounds : 

Ionic Compounds Chemical Formula A representation of the atoms and number of atoms in a compound Magnesium Fluoride  MgF2 39 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

Ionic Compounds : 

Ionic Compounds 40 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

Ionic Compounds : 

Ionic Compounds 41 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

Ionic Bonds : 

Electric Charge of Lithium (Li) Charge of electrons - 3 Charge of protons +3 ______________________ Overall charge = 0 1 Lithium atom is has no overall charge (neutral) Electric Charge of Fluorine (F) Charge of electrons - 9 Charge of protons +9 ______________________ Overall charge = 0 1 Fluorine atom is has no overall charge (neutral) Ionic Bonds 42 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

Ionic Bonds : 

Electric Charge of Li ion Charge of electrons - 2 Charge of protons +3 ______________________ Overall charge = +1 1 Lithium ion has an overall charge of +1 Electric Charge of F ion Charge of electrons - 10 Charge of protons +9 ______________________ Overall charge = -1 1 Fluorine ion has an overall charge of -1 The negatively charged Lithium ion is attracted to a positively charged Fluorine ion . The ions come together and bond to form an compound called Lithium Fluoride Ionic Bonds 43 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

Ionic Bonds : 

Ionic Bonds Calculate charge of 1 Sodium Atom and 1 Chlorine Atom Identify sodium and chlorine as a metal or non-metal Will sodium lose or gain electrons? (How many?) Will chlorine lose or gain electrons? (How many?) After exchanging electrons What will be the charge of the sodium ion? What will be the charge of the chlorine ion? 44 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

Ionic Bonds : 

Ionic Bonds Charges Sodium = Neutral (0 charge) Chlorine = Neutral (0 charge) Metal vs. Non-Metal Sodium = Metal Chlorine = Non-Metal Electrons Lost vs. Gained Sodium will lose 1 electron Chlorine will gain 1 electron After electron exchange: Sodium becomes a cation with +1 charge Chlorine will become an anion with a -1 charge 45 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

Ionic Compounds : 

Ionic Compounds 46 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)

Ionic Compounds : 

Ionic Compounds 47 M.BREGAR (DANTE C.S.S.)