Carbohydrates : Carbohydrates 1 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)
Carbohydrates : Carbohydrates Source of energy for living organisms
Molecules containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio
Ex. Glucose is C6H12 O6 2 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)
Carbohydrates Give Us Energy : Carbohydrates Give Us Energy 3 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)
Carbohydrates : Carbohydrates Three types of CHO’s:
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATES COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES 4 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)
Carbohydrates : Carbohydrates 5 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)
Monosaccharides : Monosaccharides Only 1 sugar unit – monomer
Examples:
Glucose – energy in cell
Fructose – fruit sugar sugar 6 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)
Monosaccharides : Monosaccharides Glucose is found in sport drinks
Fructose is found in fruit
Glucose & Fructose found in honey
Galactose – milk sugar 7 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)
Monosaccharides : Monosaccharides Classified based on the number of carbon atoms 8 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.) TRIOSE – C3H6O3 TRIOSE – 3 sugars
TETROSES – 4 sugars
PENTOSE – 5 sugars
HEXOSE – 6 sugars
HEPTOSE – 7 sugars
Slide 9: 9 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.) PENTOSE – C5H10O5 HEXOSE – C6H12O6
Monosaccharides : Monosaccharides ISOMERS are compounds with the:
same chemical formula
but
different structure 10 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)
Isomers : Isomers Glucose & Fructose are isomers because they’re structures are different, but their chemical formulas are the same 11 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)
Examples of Isomers : Examples of Isomers 12 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.) VS
Examples of Isomers : Examples of Isomers 13 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.) VS
Examples of Isomers : Examples of Isomers 14 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.) VS VS
Polysaccharides : Polysaccharides Made of 2 or more sugar units – polymer
Example:
Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose
(mono) (mono) (disaccharide) 15 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)
Examples of Polysaccharides : 16 Examples of Polysaccharides Starch Glycogen Cellulose Glucose Monomer
Making Polysaccharides : Making Polysaccharides Dehydration Synthesis (condensation reaction)
Removing water to make a larger molecule
ie. Involved in making a disaccharide 17 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)
Breaking Polysaccharides : Breaking Polysaccharides Hydrolysis
The opposite reaction
Water is used to break large molecule into smaller one 18 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)
Closer look at Hydrolysis / Condensation : Closer look at Hydrolysis / Condensation 19 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)
Carbohydrates : Carbohydrates Polysaccharides
A complex carbohydrate
POLYMER: Long chains of monosaccharides 20 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)
Condensation Reactions(polysaccharides) : Condensation Reactions(polysaccharides) 21 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)
Important Polysaccharides : Important Polysaccharides STARCH
A plant polysaccharide
Energy storage molecule for plants
Animals obtain energy from starch (potatoes, grain, and rice) by breaking it into glucose 22 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)
Important Polysaccharides : Important Polysaccharides GLYCOGEN
An animal polysaccharide
Excess sugar is stored temporarily in the form of glycogen
Glycogen stores are found near muscle/liver cells 23 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)
Important Polysaccharides : Important Polysaccharides CELLULOSE
Most abundant organic molecule on Earth
Makes up fibrils – tough “cables” in cellular walls of plants
No nutritional value for humans, but provides roughage (dietary fiber) 24 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)
Cellulose : 25 Cellulose SUGARS
Dietary Cellulose : 26 Dietary Cellulose Herbivores have bacteria in their digestive tracts that can break down cellulose
Important Polysaccharides : Important Polysaccharides Chitin
Modified form of cellulose
Forms exterior skeleton of insects and crustaceans (shrimp, lobsters, etc.) 27 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)
Carbohydrates and Fats Work Together : Carbohydrates and Fats Work Together 28 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)
Glucose Fuels the Body : Glucose Fuels the Body Large carbohydrates are broken down, before being used
Small carbohydrates (glycogen) are stored for “immediate needs” of the body. 29 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)
Respiration Releases The Potential Energy in Glucose : Respiration Releases The Potential Energy in Glucose 30 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)