Making Compounds

MAKING & NAMING COMPOUNDS : 

MAKING & NAMING COMPOUNDS 1 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)

MAKING COMPOUNDS : 

MAKING COMPOUNDS Atoms rarely exist as individual atoms, instead they combine with partner atoms to make ELEMENTS 1 type of atom chemically joined together Ex. Oxygen (O2) or Nitrogen (N2) COMPOUNDS 2 or more different types of atoms These atoms are joined together to make molecules 2 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)

WHY DO ATOMS COMBINE? : 

WHY DO ATOMS COMBINE? Why can’t atoms exist on their own? The answer has to do with the valence shell Valence Shell The outer shell of an atom An atom is considered stable when their outermost shell is filled to capacity Atoms will GAIN, LOSE, or SHARE valence electrons to obtain a full shell. 3 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)

VALENCE SHELL – Examples : 

VALENCE SHELL – Examples SODIUM – Bohr Diagram VALENCE SHELL SODIUM HAS 1 VALENCE ELECTRON Sodium has 1 valence electron Sodium will lose 1 electron to become stable 4 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)

COMBINING CAPACITY : 

COMBINING CAPACITY COMBINING CAPACITY A number telling you the number of “chemical bonds” an atom can make This number is the number of electrons GAINED or LOST CHEMICAL BONDS A connection or “force of attraction” between two atoms Created when electrons are lost, gained, or shared between atoms 5 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)

COMBINING CAPACITY : 

COMBINING CAPACITY How do you find the combining capacity? The number of electrons being LOST or GAINED in the valence shell. You must know the Electron Configuration to figure this out 6 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)

VALENCE SHELL – Examples : 

VALENCE SHELL – Examples OXYGEN – Bohr Diagram VALENCE SHELL OXYGEN HAS 6 VALENCE ELECTRONS Oxygen has 6 valence electrons Oxygen will gain 2 electrons to become stable 7 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)

EXAMPLES – COMBINING CAPACITY : 

EXAMPLES – COMBINING CAPACITY Refer to handout 8 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)

Example 1 - Lithium : 

Example 1 - Lithium Information 3 protons 4 neutrons 3 electrons Valence Electrons 1 electrons For full Valence Shell Lose 1 electron Combining Capacity 1 9 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)

Example 2 - Magnesium : 

Example 2 - Magnesium Information 12 protons 12 neutrons 12 electrons Valence Electrons 2 electrons For full Valence Shell Lose 2 electrons Combining Capacity 2 10 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)

Example 3 - Nitrogen : 

Example 3 - Nitrogen Information 7 protons 7 neutrons 7 electrons Valence Electrons 5 electrons For full Valence Shell Gain 3 electrons Combining Capacity 3 11 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)

Example 4 - Sulfur : 

Example 4 - Sulfur Information 16 protons 16 neutrons 16 electrons Valence Electrons 6 electrons For full Valence Shell Gain 2 electrons Combining Capacity 2 12 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)

TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDS : 

TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDS IONIC BONDS When atoms lose or gain electrons When an atom gives away or accepts electrons, a ionic bond is created Typically between METALS and NON-METALS COVALENT BONDS When atoms share electrons Usually between two or more NON-METALS 13 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)

Slide 14: 

14 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)

Slide 15: 

15 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)

NOBLE GASES : 

NOBLE GASES Noble Gases (group 18) have a combining capacity of 0 They do not combine with other atoms Exist as individual atoms 16 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)

NOBLE GASES : 

NOBLE GASES Why? Have a full valance shell These atoms do not look to gain, lose, or share electrons 17 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)

HOW ELEMENTS COMBINE? : 

HOW ELEMENTS COMBINE? Rules: Metals combine with non-metals in many compounds Write the name of the metal first and the non-metal second Change the ending of the non-metal to “ide” Check the combining capacity of the atoms involved Atoms will combine to make compounds, so that each fills its combining capacity 18 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)

EXAMPLES – NAMING COMPOUNDS : 

EXAMPLES – NAMING COMPOUNDS Refer to handout 19 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)