Small Pox Obituary

Small Pox Obituary : 

Small Pox Obituary Dr. Daisy Dharmaraj M.D. ACS Med college

Small Pox : 

Small Pox Acute infectious disease Variola virus Fever, back ache, vomiting, … rash centrifugal, macule, papule,vesicle, pustule, scab and scar High fatality Disfigurement p.s. What was the great pox?

FORMS OF THE DISEASE : 

FORMS OF THE DISEASE Two main forms: variola major and variola minor. Similar lesions. case-fatality rate : variola minor i < less than 1 %. variola major - around 30%.

Haemorrhagic and malignant forms. : 

Haemorrhagic and malignant forms. Invariably fatal. Haemorrhagic - rash accompanied by haemorrhage into the mucous membranes and the skin. –Black pox Malignant - lesions do not develop to the pustular stage but remain soft and flat.

History of small Pox : 

Was a major killer -endemic in 33 countries Vast Intl campaign 1967 – 79… led to Eradication plan Last indigenous case 17 May 1975 Bihar 5 Jul 75 India declared endemic clear 1977 – India declared small pox free History of small Pox

History …contd : 

World’s last case Somalia 1977. One more case in UK Birmingham due to lab accident 1980- WHO declared that small pox has been eradicated globally 10- 15 million cases of deaths and blindness prevented History …contd

Slide 8: 

Two-year old Rahima Banu of Bangladesh in 1975 Ali Maow Maalin of Somalia is the last known individual in the world to have contracted smallpox, which left permanent lesions on his chest

Epidemiological factors that led to eradication of small pox : 

Epidemiological factors that led to eradication of small pox No known animal reservoir No long term carrier for virus Life long immunity after recovery from disease Detection of cases is simple- characteristic and on visible parts of body Persons with sub clinical infection did not transmit the disease Vaccine- highly effective, easily administered, heat stable and confers life time protection International cooperation

Slide 12: 

Vaccinia virus, Cowpox virus, and Variola virus (the causative agent of smallpox), were all derived from a common ancestral virus

More about the vaccine : 

Current status of vaccination- Not permitted Pox virus that remain Atlanta and Moscow. - potential sources of infection The seed virus (vaccinia virus strain Lister Elstree) in WHO Collaborating Centre for Smallpox Vaccine in Bilthoven, Netherlands. This Centre also tests batches of the smallpox vaccine for potency every five years. More about the vaccine

Infection with animal pox virusMonkey poxTana pox : 

Infection with animal pox virusMonkey poxTana pox

Monkey pox Tana pox : 

Monkey pox Tana pox

Human monkey pox : 

Infrequent and sporadic. 7 countries west and central Africa Small children affected more Person to person transmission not seen. Low transmission Infrequent exposure Human monkey pox

Clinical features of Monkey pox : 

Clinical features of Monkey pox Similar to small pox, genus and sub species Localized lymphadenopathy SAR 15% Protected by small pox vaccination Under WHO surveillance Smallpox vaccine protects

Tana pox : 

Tana pox Un classified pox virus Fever, Pustular lesion, lasts up to 6 wks Unknown reservoir Prinicipal animals – wild / domestic animals? East / Central Africa Mosquitoes transmit? Small pox vaccination does not protect

Certain unanswered Q : 

Certain unanswered Q Hitherto unknown animal reservoir? Lab accidents in the future? Will animal pox viruses replace small pox virus? Biological warfare?

References : 

References Source Park’s text book of social and preventive medicine 20th edition Communit medicine with recent advances ; suriyakantha AH