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See all Premium member Presentation Transcript Slide 1: Mobile Networking Technology Slide 2: The benefit of Mobile IP “Mobile IP provides an IP node the ability to retain the same IP address and maintain uninterrupted network and application connectivity while traveling across networks ” Slide 3: Which Applications The objective : The objective Maintaining continuous IP connectivity while crossing network boundaries, e.g. subnets or between networks Internet Host B Gateway A 171.68.0.0 Gateway C 140.31.0.0 Mobile Node 171.68.69.0 171.68.70.0 The Possibilities : The Possibilities Many Networks Roaming Mobile Nodes Internet hosts & Mobility : Internet hosts & Mobility Wireless networking – allows Internet users to become mobile As users move, they have to be handed over from one coverage area to another (since the coverage areas of access points are finite) … Ongoing connections need to be maintained as the user moves … Problems? : Problems? What are the problems? The IP address associated with a mobile host is network dependent! When user connects to another network, IP address needs to change Packets belonging to ongoing connections somehow need to be delivered to the mobile host Problems (Contd.)? : Problems (Contd.)? What are the options? Make IP address host specific instead of network specific – obvious pitfalls? Change IP address of host and start using the new IP address in the subsequent packets belonging to the connections The Problem with Mobility : The Problem with Mobility Internet Host B Gateway A 171.68.0.0 Gateway C 140.31.0.0 Mobile Node 171.68.69.0 171.68.70.0 “Connect to 171.68.69.24” ? Gateway A replies to Host B with an ICMP unreachable Gateway C blocks router from joining network SEND X Routing Protocol rejects duplicate network advertisements Where is 171.68.69.0??? Mobile IP Solution : Mobile IP Solution Internet Host B Home Agent 171.68.60.1 Mobile Node 171.68.69.0 171.68.70.0 Foreign Agent COA 140.31.2.1 Home Agent forwards packets to Mobile Router via Care of Address [CoA] Mobile Router sends Registration Request [RRQ] to Home Agent (HA) Intuitive Solution : Intuitive Solution Take up the analogy of you moving from one apartment to another What do you do? Leave a forwarding address with your old post-office! The old post-office forwards mails to your new post-office, which then forwards them to you Mobile IP Basics : Mobile IP Basics Same as the post-office analogy Two other entities – home agent (old post-office), foreign agent (new post-office) Mobile host registers with home agent the new location Home agent captures packets meant for mobile host, and forwards it to the foreign agent, which then delivers it to the mobile host Mobile IP : Mobile IP Solution in a Nutshell : Solution in a Nutshell A mobile node has a “home address” for the end-to-end communications, but also uses a temporary “care-of address” on access networks for routing purpose. A home agent maintains a mobility binding of home address and care-of address. Mobile IP Network Elements : Mobile IP Network Elements Mobile Node (MN): Mobile IP enabled clients identified by home address or NAI (notebooks, cell phones, PDAs) updates CoA via registrations Home Agent (HA): Mobile IP enabled gateway acts as location database for MNs Foreign Agent (FA): The FA provides several services to MN during its visit to the foreign network. Mobile IP Entities : Mobile IP Entities Mobile Node (MN) The entity that may change its point of attachment from network to network in the Internet Detects it has moved and registers with “best” FA Assigned a permanent IP called its home address to which other hosts send packets regardless of MN’s location Since this IP doesn’t change it can be used by long-lived applications as MN’s location changes Home Agent (HA) This is router with additional functionality Located on home network of MN Does mobility binding of MN’s IP with its COA Forwards packets to appropriate network when MN is away Does this through encapsulation Mobile IP Entities contd. : Mobile IP Entities contd. Foreign Agent (FA) Another router with enhanced functionality If MN is away from HA the it uses an FA to send/receive data to/from HA Advertises itself periodically Forward’s MN’s registration request Decapsulates messages for delivery to MN Care-of-address (COA) Address which identifies MN’s current location Sent by FA to HA when MN attaches Usually the IP address of the FA Correspondent Node (CN) End host to which MN is corresponding (eg. a web server) Mobile IP Key Concepts : Mobile IP Key Concepts How does the Mobile Node find out where it is? Mobility Agent Advertisements—facilitates discovery of Mobility Agents (MN may solicits on demand) How does the Mobile Node inform the Home Agent of its current location? Via Registration—updates mobility binding after successful authentication using security association between MN and HA How does the Mobile Node receive packets from the Home Agent? Tunneling—Home agent adds IP header to direct packets to CoA, where decapsulation occurs Mobile IP Activities Example : Mobility Binding Table: MN CoA 171.68.69.24 140.31.2.1 Mobile IP Activities Example MN learns about FA and registers CoA HA maintains MN location database and tunnels traffic to FA Internet Host B Home Agent 171.68.69.1 Host A 171.68.69.24 Foreign Agent 140.31.2.1 Mobile IP Terminology : Mobile Router (MR) Home Agent (HA) Foreign Agent (FA) [1 Hop Away from MR] Care of Address (CoA) [Tunnel Endpoint] Correspondent Node (CN) Security Association (SA) [SPI/Key] ICMP Router Discovery Protocol (IRDP) [Advertisement] Registration Request (RRQ) Mobile IP Terminology MR HA FA CN Internet Step 1: Agent Discovery : Step 1: Agent Discovery MR sends out advertisement request (Solicitation) to “all router” multicast address 224.0.0.2 FA responds with unicast advertisement to MR Response includes Care-of Address FA HA Edited slide from original by Lawrence Searcy, Cisco Systems Step 2: Registration Request : Step 2: Registration Request MR retrieves CoA from Advertisement and sends in RRQ FA checks requested services and either rejects and replies or forwards the RRQ to HA 1.1.1.7 MR FA 1.1.1.7 HA Step 2: RRQ Reply : Step 2: RRQ Reply Home Agent HA authenticates MR Sends RRP Proxy ARPs for MR Brings up tunnel and adds host route Foreign Agent FA sees MR is authenticated Forwards RRP to MR Brings up tunnel Step 3: Routing : Step 3: Routing Home Agent Foreign Agent Correspondent Host The home agent intercepts the traffic while the Mobile Router is registered as away Traffic is sent as usual to the home subnet Traffic is tunneled to the CoA of the MR and forwarded to MR Traffic from the Mobile Networks can go directly to the correspondent host = “Triangle Routing” MobileRouter MR States : MR States MR has five states that it can be in: Unknown – MR has not heard any agent advertisements and does not know where to send registration requests (RRQs) Isolated – MR has heard an agent advertisement Pending – MR has sent an RRQ and is waiting for a registration reply (RRP) from HA Registered – MR has been accepted and received the RRP from HA, which has set up a binding table entry, tunnels, and routes for the MR Home—MR is on its home network Mobile Network Routing – Packet Flow : Mobile Network Routing – Packet Flow Mobile Router Foreign Agent Home Agent Correspondent Node Mobile Networks Mobile Networks appear to be here Node on MR Mobile Networks Edited slide from original by Lawrence Searcy, Cisco Systems Mobile Network Routing – Packet Flow : Mobile Network Routing – Packet Flow Mobile Router Foreign Agent Correspondent Node Node on MR Mobile Network Routing – Packet Flow : Mobile Network Routing – Packet Flow Mobile Router Foreign Agent Correspondent Node HA-FA Tunnel FA WAN Nodes on MR Mobile Network Routing – Packet Flow : Mobile Network Routing – Packet Flow Mobile Router Foreign Agent Correspondent Node HA-MR Tunnel HA-FA Tunnel FA WAN Node on MR Mobile Network Routing – Return Packet Flow : Mobile Network Routing – Return Packet Flow Mobile Router Foreign Agent Correspondent Node HA-MR Tunnel HA-FA Tunnel FA WAN Node on MR Tunneling : Tunneling HA double encapsulates the packets, creating two tunnels: HA to FA HA to MR FA strips outer header and forwards to MR MR strips inner header and forwards to node on mobile network Tunneling cont. : Tunneling cont. HA dynamically creates tunnel(s) as MRs and Mobile Hosts register Tunnels are handled as interfaces HA Routing Table shows Tunnels as interfaces So “Tunneling” involves ENCAPSULATION INTERFACES IN ROUTING TABLE THANK YOU : THANK YOU You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
Mobile Networking Technology dabhijaydeep Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 771 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (3) Dislike it (0) Added: September 20, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 2 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: shobhit254777 (8 month(s) ago) plz send this to my email id.. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: chinmay31 (9 month(s) ago) please send dis to m mail..................... Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: dgullou (13 month(s) ago) please send to my mail, thanks Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: sudhirikke (13 month(s) ago) It is very nice presentation. It is helpful for lot of peoples. I will be greatful of you if you share this PPT with me. So plz sent mobile networking technology ppt to my mail id i.e. sudhirikke@gmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: Balu_Koduri (15 month(s) ago) send to my mail plz Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript Slide 1: Mobile Networking Technology Slide 2: The benefit of Mobile IP “Mobile IP provides an IP node the ability to retain the same IP address and maintain uninterrupted network and application connectivity while traveling across networks ” Slide 3: Which Applications The objective : The objective Maintaining continuous IP connectivity while crossing network boundaries, e.g. subnets or between networks Internet Host B Gateway A 171.68.0.0 Gateway C 140.31.0.0 Mobile Node 171.68.69.0 171.68.70.0 The Possibilities : The Possibilities Many Networks Roaming Mobile Nodes Internet hosts & Mobility : Internet hosts & Mobility Wireless networking – allows Internet users to become mobile As users move, they have to be handed over from one coverage area to another (since the coverage areas of access points are finite) … Ongoing connections need to be maintained as the user moves … Problems? : Problems? What are the problems? The IP address associated with a mobile host is network dependent! When user connects to another network, IP address needs to change Packets belonging to ongoing connections somehow need to be delivered to the mobile host Problems (Contd.)? : Problems (Contd.)? What are the options? Make IP address host specific instead of network specific – obvious pitfalls? Change IP address of host and start using the new IP address in the subsequent packets belonging to the connections The Problem with Mobility : The Problem with Mobility Internet Host B Gateway A 171.68.0.0 Gateway C 140.31.0.0 Mobile Node 171.68.69.0 171.68.70.0 “Connect to 171.68.69.24” ? Gateway A replies to Host B with an ICMP unreachable Gateway C blocks router from joining network SEND X Routing Protocol rejects duplicate network advertisements Where is 171.68.69.0??? Mobile IP Solution : Mobile IP Solution Internet Host B Home Agent 171.68.60.1 Mobile Node 171.68.69.0 171.68.70.0 Foreign Agent COA 140.31.2.1 Home Agent forwards packets to Mobile Router via Care of Address [CoA] Mobile Router sends Registration Request [RRQ] to Home Agent (HA) Intuitive Solution : Intuitive Solution Take up the analogy of you moving from one apartment to another What do you do? Leave a forwarding address with your old post-office! The old post-office forwards mails to your new post-office, which then forwards them to you Mobile IP Basics : Mobile IP Basics Same as the post-office analogy Two other entities – home agent (old post-office), foreign agent (new post-office) Mobile host registers with home agent the new location Home agent captures packets meant for mobile host, and forwards it to the foreign agent, which then delivers it to the mobile host Mobile IP : Mobile IP Solution in a Nutshell : Solution in a Nutshell A mobile node has a “home address” for the end-to-end communications, but also uses a temporary “care-of address” on access networks for routing purpose. A home agent maintains a mobility binding of home address and care-of address. Mobile IP Network Elements : Mobile IP Network Elements Mobile Node (MN): Mobile IP enabled clients identified by home address or NAI (notebooks, cell phones, PDAs) updates CoA via registrations Home Agent (HA): Mobile IP enabled gateway acts as location database for MNs Foreign Agent (FA): The FA provides several services to MN during its visit to the foreign network. Mobile IP Entities : Mobile IP Entities Mobile Node (MN) The entity that may change its point of attachment from network to network in the Internet Detects it has moved and registers with “best” FA Assigned a permanent IP called its home address to which other hosts send packets regardless of MN’s location Since this IP doesn’t change it can be used by long-lived applications as MN’s location changes Home Agent (HA) This is router with additional functionality Located on home network of MN Does mobility binding of MN’s IP with its COA Forwards packets to appropriate network when MN is away Does this through encapsulation Mobile IP Entities contd. : Mobile IP Entities contd. Foreign Agent (FA) Another router with enhanced functionality If MN is away from HA the it uses an FA to send/receive data to/from HA Advertises itself periodically Forward’s MN’s registration request Decapsulates messages for delivery to MN Care-of-address (COA) Address which identifies MN’s current location Sent by FA to HA when MN attaches Usually the IP address of the FA Correspondent Node (CN) End host to which MN is corresponding (eg. a web server) Mobile IP Key Concepts : Mobile IP Key Concepts How does the Mobile Node find out where it is? Mobility Agent Advertisements—facilitates discovery of Mobility Agents (MN may solicits on demand) How does the Mobile Node inform the Home Agent of its current location? Via Registration—updates mobility binding after successful authentication using security association between MN and HA How does the Mobile Node receive packets from the Home Agent? Tunneling—Home agent adds IP header to direct packets to CoA, where decapsulation occurs Mobile IP Activities Example : Mobility Binding Table: MN CoA 171.68.69.24 140.31.2.1 Mobile IP Activities Example MN learns about FA and registers CoA HA maintains MN location database and tunnels traffic to FA Internet Host B Home Agent 171.68.69.1 Host A 171.68.69.24 Foreign Agent 140.31.2.1 Mobile IP Terminology : Mobile Router (MR) Home Agent (HA) Foreign Agent (FA) [1 Hop Away from MR] Care of Address (CoA) [Tunnel Endpoint] Correspondent Node (CN) Security Association (SA) [SPI/Key] ICMP Router Discovery Protocol (IRDP) [Advertisement] Registration Request (RRQ) Mobile IP Terminology MR HA FA CN Internet Step 1: Agent Discovery : Step 1: Agent Discovery MR sends out advertisement request (Solicitation) to “all router” multicast address 224.0.0.2 FA responds with unicast advertisement to MR Response includes Care-of Address FA HA Edited slide from original by Lawrence Searcy, Cisco Systems Step 2: Registration Request : Step 2: Registration Request MR retrieves CoA from Advertisement and sends in RRQ FA checks requested services and either rejects and replies or forwards the RRQ to HA 1.1.1.7 MR FA 1.1.1.7 HA Step 2: RRQ Reply : Step 2: RRQ Reply Home Agent HA authenticates MR Sends RRP Proxy ARPs for MR Brings up tunnel and adds host route Foreign Agent FA sees MR is authenticated Forwards RRP to MR Brings up tunnel Step 3: Routing : Step 3: Routing Home Agent Foreign Agent Correspondent Host The home agent intercepts the traffic while the Mobile Router is registered as away Traffic is sent as usual to the home subnet Traffic is tunneled to the CoA of the MR and forwarded to MR Traffic from the Mobile Networks can go directly to the correspondent host = “Triangle Routing” MobileRouter MR States : MR States MR has five states that it can be in: Unknown – MR has not heard any agent advertisements and does not know where to send registration requests (RRQs) Isolated – MR has heard an agent advertisement Pending – MR has sent an RRQ and is waiting for a registration reply (RRP) from HA Registered – MR has been accepted and received the RRP from HA, which has set up a binding table entry, tunnels, and routes for the MR Home—MR is on its home network Mobile Network Routing – Packet Flow : Mobile Network Routing – Packet Flow Mobile Router Foreign Agent Home Agent Correspondent Node Mobile Networks Mobile Networks appear to be here Node on MR Mobile Networks Edited slide from original by Lawrence Searcy, Cisco Systems Mobile Network Routing – Packet Flow : Mobile Network Routing – Packet Flow Mobile Router Foreign Agent Correspondent Node Node on MR Mobile Network Routing – Packet Flow : Mobile Network Routing – Packet Flow Mobile Router Foreign Agent Correspondent Node HA-FA Tunnel FA WAN Nodes on MR Mobile Network Routing – Packet Flow : Mobile Network Routing – Packet Flow Mobile Router Foreign Agent Correspondent Node HA-MR Tunnel HA-FA Tunnel FA WAN Node on MR Mobile Network Routing – Return Packet Flow : Mobile Network Routing – Return Packet Flow Mobile Router Foreign Agent Correspondent Node HA-MR Tunnel HA-FA Tunnel FA WAN Node on MR Tunneling : Tunneling HA double encapsulates the packets, creating two tunnels: HA to FA HA to MR FA strips outer header and forwards to MR MR strips inner header and forwards to node on mobile network Tunneling cont. : Tunneling cont. HA dynamically creates tunnel(s) as MRs and Mobile Hosts register Tunnels are handled as interfaces HA Routing Table shows Tunnels as interfaces So “Tunneling” involves ENCAPSULATION INTERFACES IN ROUTING TABLE THANK YOU : THANK YOU