FIVE SENSE

SENSES: 

SENSES Presented by Group 11: Churi Wardah (105090107111006) Fida Susianti (105090107111002) Biology Department Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Brawijaya University

SENSES : 

SENSES Sensation or perception is the conscious of the effect of stimuli on sensory receptors. Sensory receptors respon to stimuli by generating action potentials that are propagated along nerves to the spinal cord and brain The brain receives action potentials from sensory receptors

Cranial Nerve: 

Cranial Nerve

PowerPoint Presentation: 

S Senses Receptors distributed over a large part of body Receptors localized within specific organ General Senses Special Senses Located in skin, muscle, joints Located in internal organ Somatics Visceral Touch Pressure Proprioception Pressure Pain Temperature Pain Smell Taste Sight Hearing Balance

Eyes: 

Eyes

PowerPoint Presentation: 

Cone cells , or cones , are photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye that are responsible for color vision; they function best in relatively bright light, as opposed to rod cells that work better in dim light. Cone cells are densely packed in the fovea, but gradually become sparser towards the periphery of the retina. Rod cells , or rods , are photoreceptor ce lls in the retina of the eye that can function in less intense light than can the other type of visual photoreceptor, cone cells. Named for their cylindrical shape, rods are concentrated at the outer edges of the retina and are used in peripheral vision On average, there are approximately 90 million rod cells in the human retina. [ More sensitive than cone cells, rod cells are almost entirely responsible for night vision.

Mechanism of Sight: 

Mechanism of Sight

Ear: 

Ear

Mechanism of Hearing: 

Mechanism of Hearing Five Sections of the Hearing Mechanism Outer ear Middle ear Inner ear Acoustic nerve Brain’ s auditory processing centers

PowerPoint Presentation: 

Balances Static balance is a balance that relates to the orientation of the location of the head (body) against gravity. That play a role in static equilibrium is saccule and ultrikulus (on canal semi sirkularis ). When the head tilted to one direction, the otolith weight will be pulled down by gravity, this will pull down a layer of gelatin and then the stimulating hair cells. The impulses are then dijalarkan balance through the vetibularis of the VIII nerve to the cerebral cortex and medulla.

PowerPoint Presentation: 

This balance is an effort to balance the body's defense against movements in various directions, such as spinning, falling, acceleration. When the head moves kesegala direction, the fluid in the semi circular canal will move in the opposite direction so that it will suppress the cupula . Thus hair cells arise ilmpuls aroused and headed to the VIII nerve. Because these three semisircularis canal is situated perpendicular to each other then kesegala direction of head movement can be controlled by means of a balance.

PowerPoint Presentation: 

Olfactory Organ

Smell: 

Smell The human sense of smell depends on the functioning of not only cranial nerve I (olfactory nerve) but also portions of cranial nerve V (trigeminal nerve). Qualitative odor sensations (e.g., the smell of a rose, lemon or grass) are mediated by cranial nerve I , whereas somatosensory overtones of odorants (e.g., warmth, coolness, sharpness and irritation) are mediated by the ophthalmic and maxillary divisions of cranial nerve V.

Mechanism of Smell: 

Mechanism of Smell

Taste: 

Taste Taste receptors are found within taste buds located not only on the tongue but also on the soft palate, pharynx, larynx, epiglottis, uvula and first one third of the esophagus. Taste buds are continually bathed in secretions from the salivary glands, and excessive dryness can distort taste perception.

Mechanism of Taste: 

Mechanism of Taste

Relationship Between Olfactory and Taste: 

Relationship Between Olfactory and Taste Taste and smell work together because stimulated of the smell from food in the oral capity can achieve the nasal cavity and accepted by the olfactory receptors. This situation will be disturbed when we are cold, in which the relationship between nasal and oral cavity is disturbed, so that the steam of food in the mouth can not reach the nasal cavity and the food seemed to lose the taste

Skin: 

Skin

Based on the type of specific energy or susceptibility to a particular modality: 

Based on the type of specific energy or susceptibility to a particular modality Termoreseptor (sensitive to temperature changes). Mekanoreseptor (sensitive to touch and pressure). Chemoreceptors (sensitive to chemical change). Osmoreceptors (sensitive to changes in osmotic pressure).

Based on the source of stimulation: 

Based on the source of stimulation Ekteroreseptor , located on the surface of the body and respond to external stimuli or external. Proprioreseptor , respond to changes in the position and movement, especially associated with the musculoskeletal system. Interoreseptor , located at the viscera / instrument in and blood vessels.

Receptors located on sensory organs of touch,: 

Receptors located on sensory organs of touch, End of nerve Corpusculs Meissner Corpusculs vater Pacini Corpusculs krause Corpusculs ruffini Spindel Neuromuskular

Mechanisme of Touch: 

Mechanisme of Touch Stimulation received by the of touch Stimulation received by the of touch the brain processes so that we can feel the rough, smooth, hot or cold an object