module 2-cs113lc-dmac

CS113 LC-INTRO TO I.T. (MODULE 2):

CS113 LC-INTRO TO I.T. (MODULE 2) Prepared by: Dan Michael Cortez CCS, Instructor

CONTENT OF MODULE 2::

CONTENT OF MODULE 2: COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM HARDWARE SOFTWARE PEOPLEWARE OVERVIEW OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

What is COMPUTER SYSTEM?:

What is COMPUTER SYSTEM? It is considered, COMPLETE working computer. It includes not only the computer, but also any software and peripheral devices that are necessary to make the computer function. Composed of HARDWARE, SOFTWARE AND PEOPLEWARE.

What is HARDWARE?:

What is HARDWARE? It is described as a device that is physically connected to your computer or something that can be physically touched (TANGIBLE).

THREE TYPES OF DEVICES:

THREE TYPES OF DEVICES INPUT DEVICE- any device that allows the person to communicate information to the computer / gives information to the computer system so that it can perform its tasks. EXAMPLE: KEYBOARD, MOUSE, DIGITAL CAMERA, TOUCHPAD, SCANNER,STYLUS, WEBCAM

INPUT DEVICES:

INPUT DEVICES

THREE TYPES OF DEVICES:

THREE TYPES OF DEVICES OUTPUT DEVICE- - It is anything that allows the computer to communicate information to the user. EXAMPLES:MONITORS,PROJECTORSPEAKERS, PRINTER

OUTPUT DEVICES:

OUTPUT DEVICES

THREE TYPES OF DEVICES:

THREE TYPES OF DEVICES INPUT/OUTPUT DEVICES- – a piece of hardware that is used for both providing information to the computer and receiving information EXAMPLE: DISK DRIVE,OPTICAL DISC, MODEM

INPUT/OUTPUT DEVICES:

INPUT/OUTPUT DEVICES

What is a SYSTEM UNIT?:

What is a SYSTEM UNIT? SYSTEM UNIT- – the main part of a personal computer. The system unit includes the chassis, microprocessor, main memory, bus, and ports, but does not include the keyboard or monitor, or any peripheral devices.

SYSTEM UNIT:

SYSTEM UNIT Central Processing Unit (CPU ) – it is the brains of the computer. Sometimes referred to simply as the processor or central processor, the CPU is where most calculations take place Control Unit – supervises or monitors the functions performed by the entire computer system according to conditions set forth by the stored program. Arithmetic/Logic Unit – the part of a computer that performs all arithmetic computations, such as addition and multiplication, and all comparison operations. The ALU is one component of the CPU Memory Unit – is somewhat like an electronic filing cabinet capable of holding data or instructions.

MOTHERBOARD:

MOTHERBOARD Motherboard – the main circuit board of a microcomputer. The motherboard contains the connectors for attaching additional boards. Typically, the motherboard contains the CPU, BIOS, memory, mass storage interfaces, serial and parallel ports, expansion slots, and all the controllers required to control standard peripheral devices, such as the display screen, keyboard, and disk drive. Collectively, all these chips that reside on the motherboard are known as the motherboard’s chipset.

MOTHERBOARD:

MOTHERBOARD

What is BIOS?:

What is BIOS? BIOS- BASIC INPUT/ OUTPUT SYSTEM . It is considered a built-in software wherein it determines what computer can do without accessing programs from a disk. It contains all codes that required to control the keyboard, display screen, disk drives etc.

How to access BIOS of the PC:

How to access BIOS of the PC During the computers initial boot the BIOS supplier will be displayed. If the OEM(Original Equipment Manufacturer) logo splash screen is displayed, press the ESC key to see the boot up information. Press the Pause/Break key if text displays too fast.

SYSTEM UNIT:

SYSTEM UNIT Ports – an interface on a computer to which you connect a device. Personal computers have various types of ports. Internally, there are several ports for connecting disk drives, display screens, and keyboards. Externally, personal computers have ports for connecting modems, printers, mice, and other peripheral devices. Examples: Universal Serial Bus (USB), Parallel (PS2), Serial . Expansion Slots – a connector in a computer into which an expansion card can be plugged. The connector supplies power to the card and connects it to the data bus, address bus and control signals of the motherboard. Examples: ISA (International Serial Architecture), PCI (Peripheral Component Interface), AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port).

SYSTEM UNIT:

SYSTEM UNIT Bus – a collection of wires through which data is transmitted from one part of a computer to another. Registers – are temporary storage areas for instruction or data They are not part of the memory rather they are special additional storage locations that offer the advantage of speed. Microprocessor – a miniaturized central processing unit can be etched on a chip, a tiny square of silicon. It is usually expressed in megahertz (MHz).

SYSTEM UNIT:

SYSTEM UNIT Bus lines – is a set of parallel electrical paths, usually copper tracing on the surface of the motherboard, which internally transports data from one place to another within the computer system. Cache – is a relatively small block of very fast memory designed for the specific purpose of speeding up the internal transfer of data and software instructions.

What is a MACHINE CYCLE?:

What is a MACHINE CYCLE? This is pertaining on the performance or steps wherein it is performed by the computer processor for each machine language instructions received. It is also called a PERFORMANCE OR INSTRUCTION CYCLE It is a 4 process cycle that includes READING AND INTERPRETING MACHINE LANGUAGE, EXECUTING THE CODE AND STORING THE CODE.

MACHINE CYCLE:

MACHINE CYCLE

MACHINE CYCLE PROCESS:

MACHINE CYCLE PROCESS The first two steps together are called the actual instruction time, or I-Time or Instruction cycle or I-cycle. The control unit fetches the instruction form the memory. The control unit decodes the instruction and directs that the necessary data be moved from memory the arithmetic/logic unit. Steps 3 and 4 together are called execution time, or E-Time or Execution cycle or E-cycle . The arithmetic/logic unit executes the arithmetic/logical instruction, given as the actual operation on the data. The arithmetic/logic unit stores the result of this operation in memory or in a register.

STORAGE DEVICES:

STORAGE DEVICES PRIMARY STORAGE- also called as main memory; a non-volatile, temporary type of storage. EXAMPLE: RAM- RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY; ROM- READ ONLY MEMORY; PROM- PROGRAMMABLE ROM; EEPROM- ELECTRONIC ERASABLE PROGRAMMABLE ROM Secondary Storage – also called as auxiliary memory, a volatile, permanent type of storage EXAMPLE: HARD DISKS, FLOPPY DISKS, OPTICAL DISKS (COMPACT DISKS)

MAGNETIC STORAGE DEVICES:

MAGNETIC STORAGE DEVICES Hard Disks store the majority of the information on today’s modern computer. Floppy Disks or diskette comes in two basics: 5.25 inch and 3.2 inch

OPTICAL STORAGE DEVICES:

OPTICAL STORAGE DEVICES Compact Disks or CD’s can store large amounts of information. One Disk will store 650 mb or about 70 or 80 minutes of music. DVD’s can store over 4 gigabytes. DVD recorders allow you to store large files such as movies on a single disk.

SOLID-STATE STORAGE DEVICES:

SOLID-STATE STORAGE DEVICES SOLID - state devices are unique among today’s storage devices because they don’t use disks or tapes and have no moving parts. FLASH MEMORY is like RAM AND ROMA because it allows overwriting any or all of its content at any time, but data is retained in it even when the power is off. SMART CARD is a device which contains a small chip that stores data. Using a special device, called a SMART CARD READER , that user can read data from the card, and new data or revise existing data.

SOFTWARE:

SOFTWARE

SOFTWARE:

SOFTWARE It is the planned, step-by-step set of instructions required to turn data into information-that makes a computer useful. It is a general term for the various kinds of programs used to operate computers and related devices. It can be thought of as the variable part of a computer and hardware the invariable part. Software is often divided into Application software and System software.

SYSTEM SOFTWARE:

SYSTEM SOFTWARE It is consists of programs designed to facilitate the use of the computer by the user. Any software required supporting the production or execution of application programs but which is not specific to any particular application.

SYSTEM SOFTWARE:

SYSTEM SOFTWARE OPERATING SYSTEM -an important part of the system software which tells the computer how to perform functions such as how to load, store and execute an application program on how to transfer data between the input/ output devices and main memory. EXAMPLE: MS-DOS; MAC-OS; WINDOWS 7 PROGRAMMINGLANGUAGES - software which are used to create software. EXAMPLE: VB.NET, PASCAL, TURBO C

SYSTEM SOFTWARE:

SYSTEM SOFTWARE COMPILERS/ TRANSLATORS- system program that converts English-like instructions used by computer programmers into the machine readable code used by the hardware. EXAMPLES: ASSEMBLE LANGUAGE, COBOL Utility Program – perform such standard tasks as organizing and maintaining data files, translating programs written in various languages to a language acceptable to the computer. Examples: Text Editor, Defragmenter, File Compressor such as WinZip, etc

APPLICATION SOFTWARE:

APPLICATION SOFTWARE Is applied to a real-world task, it can be used to solve a particular problem or to perform a specific task. It is considered programs that do work users are directly interested in

APPLICATION SOFTWARE:

APPLICATION SOFTWARE CUSTOMIZED- typically created to perform a particular task. Examples: payroll, monitoring, registration, point of sales, video rentals, etc. PACKAGED- purchased programs which are required for common business and personal applications

APPLICATION SOFTWARE:

APPLICATION SOFTWARE WORD PROCESSING- it is the most widely used personal computer software that used for memos, reports, correspondence, minutes of meetings, and anything else that someone can think of to type. Examples: MS-Word, WordStar ELECTRONIC SPREADSHEETS- It is made up of columns and rows of numbers have been used at business tools for centuries. Examples: MS Excel

APPLICATION SOFTWARE:

APPLICATION SOFTWARE DATABASE MANAGEMENT- It is the management of a collection of interrelated facts-handles data in several ways. Examples: DBaseIII , MS Access, Foxbase , FoxPro GRAPHICS- Visual information is usually more compelling than a page of numbers. Examples: Adobe Photoshop, Corel Draw COMMUNICATIONS- It can hook a phone up to the computer and communicate with the computer at the office or access data stored in another computer in another location. Examples: Win Popup

APPLICATION SOFTWARE:

APPLICATION SOFTWARE DESKTOP PUBLISHING- to create personalized cards, business cards, letterheads, etc. Examples: Hallmark, Disney’s, etc. CAI/CAD/CAM- Computer Aided Instructions, Computer Aided Design, Computer Aided Manufacture

PROPRIETARY AND OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE:

PROPRIETARY AND OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE

PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE:

PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE It is a computer software which is the legal property of one party. The terms of use for other parties is defined by contracts or licensing agreements. These terms may include various privileges to share, alter, dissemble and use the software and its code. EXAMPLES: Windows 7, Microsoft Office, Internet explorer, AUTO CAD, Adobe Photoshop, Microsoft Outlook

OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE:

OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE It is defined as computer software for which the source code and certain other rights normally reserved for copyright holders are provided under a software license that meets the Open source Definition or that is in the Public Domain. This permits Users to use, change, and improve the software. EXAMPLES: Open Office, Mozilla Firefox, Thunderbird, PDF Creator

PEOPLEWARE:

PEOPLEWARE

PEOPLEWARE:

PEOPLEWARE This component is made up of the people responsible for maintaining, operating, programming, and analyzing the output generated by the computer system. It is a term used to refer to one of the three core aspects of computer technology: hardware, software, and people ware. It can refer to anything that has to do with the role of people in the development or use of computer software and hardware systems, including such issues as developer productivity, teamwork, group dynamics.

PEOPLEWARE:

PEOPLEWARE COMPUTER OPERATOR- works in the computer room and is responsible for a number of different tasks. DATA LIBRARY- is usually located close to the computer room and usually staffed by a data librarian. DATA ENRY PERSONNEL- are responsible for entering large volumes of data into the computer system. SYSTEM ANALYST- review current or proposed applications within a company to determine if the applications should be implemented using a computer.

PEOPLEWARE:

PEOPLEWARE COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS- design, write, test and implement specialized programs that process data to computer. DATABASE ADMINISTRATOR- an important function within the information system department is the management of data.

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (MIS):

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (MIS)

What is Management Information System?:

What is Management Information System? An organized approach to the study of the information needs of an organization's management at every level in making operational, tactical, and strategic decisions . Its objective is to design and implement procedures, processes, and routines that provide suitably detailed reports in an accurate, consistent, and timely manner. It is a set of formal system designed to provide information for an organization

Management Information System Department (MISD):

Management Information System Department (MISD) Management within an information systems department varies depending on the size and complexity of the department. PERSONS INSIDE MISD Systems Manager – overseas the activities in the system analysis and design area of the department. Programming Manager – is in charge of all programmers within the department.

Persons Inside MISD:

Persons Inside MISD Operation Managers – overseas the operational aspects of the department such as scheduling, maintenance, and operation of the equipment. Information System Department Manager – is in charge of the entire department and may have the title Vice President of Information System , or Chief Information Officer

ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING (EDP):

ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING (EDP) EDP, an infrequently used term for what is today usually called "IS" (information services or systems) or "MIS" (management information services or systems), is the processing of data by a computer and its programs in an environment involving electronic communication. EDP evolved from "DP" (data processing) , a term that was created when most computing input was physically put into the computer in punched card form and output as punched cards or paper reports.

QUESTIONS? :

QUESTIONS?

QUIZ NO. 2 NEXT MEETING BEFORE PRELIMINARY EXAM:

QUIZ NO. 2 NEXT MEETING BEFORE PRELIMINARY EXAM