EMERGENCE : EMERGENCE Estimation and
Mapping of
Employment
Relocation in a
Global
Economy in the
New
Communications
Environment
The Consortium - partners : The Consortium - partners IES, Institute for Employment Studies, UK (lead partner)
DTI, Danish Technological Institute, Denmark
FORBA, Forschungs- und Beratungsstelle Arbeitswelt, Austria
HIVA, Hoger Instituut Voor de Arbeid, Belgium
ISB, Institute of Sociology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary IRES, Economic and Social Research Institute, Italy
IMIT, The Institute for Management of Innovation and Technology, Sweden
NOP Business, UK
CPROST, The School of Communications at Simon Fraser University, Canada
The Faculty of Business and Public Management at Edith Cowan University, Australia
… and subcontractors : ISERES, Trade Union Institute for Economic and Social Study and Research, France
CIREM, Fundacio Centre D’Indiciatives I Requerces Europe a la Mediterranea, Spain
FAST, Forschungsgemeinschaft fuer Aussenwirtschaft, Struktur- und Technologiepolitik, Germany
Valter Fissamber Associates, Greece
Warsaw Institute of Labour and Social Studies, Poland
Prague Research Institute for Labour and Social Affairs, Czech Republic
plus associates in:
USA
Japan
India
Thailand
South Africa
Jordan
and many other countries … and subcontractors
The research problem : The research problem speed of change
lack of clear definitions
convergence between sectors
lack of statistics on trade in services or new occupations or forms of work
lack of international comparability
lack of clear analytical framework
scarcity of up-to-date case study material
EMERGENCE’s deliverables : EMERGENCE’s deliverables Global Statistical Review and Analysis
International Employer Survey
Discussion paper for Statistics Offices
Case Studies
Model
Conference, seminars, workshops
Interactive website
Newsletters
Report on Implications for SMEs
Report on EU Candidate Countries
Report on Southern Europe
Regional Development Toolkit
… and additional work: : … and additional work: Extension of survey and case studies to
Australia
Canada
NAS states
USA and
Japan
Case studies in developing countries
Supplementary surveys of small firms in the knowledge sector (Denmark and Ireland already under way)
Global dissemination activities
Global statistical analysis : Global statistical analysis Literature survey
Global database - 171 variables; 204 countries
Cluster analysis - national level
EU occupational and sectoral data
analysed at NUTS1 regional level
Global statistical analysis : Global statistical analysis
Where the Butterfly Alights : Where the Butterfly Alights e-leader - 6 large dominant ‘source’ economies
e-capable - 23 smaller highly developed ‘source’ economies
e-hare - 25 small but rapidly developing countries - potential ‘destinations’ e-tiger - 17 large rapidly developing countries, often existing ‘destinations’
e-maybe - 19 states - with small, highly educated population - ‘source’ or ‘destination’
e-loser - 114 underdeveloped countries at serious risk of exclusion
European establishment survey : European establishment survey
EMERGENCE employer survey 1st phase : EMERGENCE employer survey 1st phase 7,500 interviews in the EU + Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic
18 countries; 17 languages
computer-aided telephone interviewing
sample: employers across the whole economy
with >50 employees
stratified by size
stratified by sector
establishment based
weighted results
Differing forms of delocalisation : Differing forms of delocalisation partial homework plus hot-desking
nomadic working
fully home-based working by employees specialist business services suppliers
telemediated outsourcing Individualised On employers’ premises in-house
(internal) outsourced
(external) Remote back offices
call centres
distributed teams Freelance homework
independent nomadic working
conceptual map of the eOrganisation : conceptual map of the eOrganisation
Structure of the questionnaire : Structure of the questionnaire EMERGENCE
Business services covered : Business services covered Software development/IT support
Data processing/input/typing
Sales (telesales and mobile reps)
Customer service/information/advice
Accounting/invoicing/debt collection
Design/editorial
Management/training/HR
Data collected on: : Data collected on: home-based teleworking
multi-locational teleworking
work on in-house remote sites / call centres (including location and reason for choice)
freelances
outsourced work (including location and reason for choice) ‘downstream’
‘upstream’ outsourcing - location of customers
eWork in Europe (demand side) by type of eWork (% of establishments with >50 employees) : eWork in Europe (demand side) by type of eWork (% of establishments with >50 employees)
Use of outsourced business services (% of establishments with >50 employees) : Use of outsourced business services (% of establishments with >50 employees) Source: EMERGENCE employer survey, 2000
E-work demand by business function (% of establishments with >50 employees) : E-work demand by business function (% of establishments with >50 employees) Source: EMERGENCE employer survey, 2000
Use of home-based eEmployees by country (% of European establishments with >50 employees) : Use of home-based eEmployees by country (% of European establishments with >50 employees) Source: EMERGENCE employer survey, 2000
Use of multilocational eWorkers by country (% of European establishments with >50 employees) : Use of multilocational eWorkers by country (% of European establishments with >50 employees) Source: EMERGENCE employer survey, 2000
Use of ‘eLancers’ by country (% of European establishments with >50 employees) : Use of ‘eLancers’ by country (% of European establishments with >50 employees) Source: EMERGENCE employer survey, 2000
Outsourcing outside own country, by country (% of European establishments with >50 employees) : Outsourcing outside own country, by country (% of European establishments with >50 employees) Source: EMERGENCE employer survey, 2000
Statistical Indicators of eWork : Statistical Indicators of eWork
Reasons for collecting data on eWork : Reasons for collecting data on eWork Transport policy
Environmental policy
Planning and land use policy
Education and training policy
Social inclusion policy
Trade and industry policy
Development aid policy
Challenges : Challenges Industrial structure
What is a sector?
Occupational structure
Professional qualifications/generic skills
Organisational structure
Legal or geographical definition?
Enterprise vs establishment
Collection instruments : Collection instruments Labour force/other population censuses and surveys
Could include household or travel surveys
Establishment censuses/surveys (geographically based)
Enterprise-based data sets including trade records
Other issues : Other issues International compatibility
Compatibility with historical time series
Regular updating
Speed
Potential for disaggregation to regional level
Modelling eWork in the EU : Modelling eWork in the EU
Existing data : Existing data Individualised forms
Fully home-based
Multilocational
eLance
Some longitudinal data exist (UK)
‘collective’ forms
No existing longitudinal data sets – only very crude proxies for some indicators
Main focus therefore on individualised forms
’Individual’ forms - procedure : ’Individual’ forms - procedure Use results of EMERGENCE establishment survey to obtain comparative picture
Use Community LFS individual data and enterprise data to estimate national comparisons of establishments/ employees broken down by
>50/<50 employees
Public/private sector
Procedure (continued) : Procedure (continued) Use UK lfs to establish relationship between employer use of ework at establishment level and prevalence of eWork in workforce within these categories
Assume that this relationship remains constant within these categories across the EU
Procedure (continued) : Procedure (continued) Calculate prevalence of eWork in the EU for:
Fully home-based teleworkers
Multilocational teleworkers
eLancers
(taking account of differing size & sector structure)
Use UK lfs time series to predict growth rates
‘collective’ forms of eWork : ‘collective’ forms of eWork Use ‘source’ and ‘destination’ information to test hypotheses developed in the global statistical analysis
BUT this is very unreliable at present because of small sample sizes
For more information, go to : For more information, go to www.emergence.nu
www.analytica.org.uk
www.employment-studies.co.uk