Feeding for Performance

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FEEDING FOR PERFORMANCE

WHY FEED?: 

WHY FEED? To make up shortfalls in nutritional requirement (in particular DE) Better health Better performance levels To ensure DE, Protein & Mineral levels are being met

WHAT TO FEED: 

WHAT TO FEED WATER is the most important nutrient that needs to be met Digestible Energy level needs to meet daily requirement Protein for muscle growth and repair Vitamins & Minerals for hormonal and metabolic balances Fibre for gut motility and function & bacterial populations

DIFFERENT CLASSES OF FEEDS: 

DIFFERENT CLASSES OF FEEDS ENERGY SOURCES PROTEIN SOURCES FIBER SOURCES Cereal grains & oils Oilseeds, oilseed meals, legume hays/chaffs Hays, chaffs, grasses, forages & pastures, cereal by-product (eg: oat hulls etc.)

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Energy sources are also known as concentrates Energy is derived from breakdown of carbohydrate & starch in the product to form VFAs (volatile fatty acids) Energy is also derived from feeding oil in the diet Energy derived from feeding oil is dense in non-carbohydrate form and extremely cool

PROTEIN LEVELS: 

PROTEIN LEVELS Protein is made up of Amino Acids (22) and is available only to the lowest level of Lysine – The remainder is converted to energy – releasing heat and nitrogen which is converted to urea and ammonia and needs to be dispelled

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VITAMIN A – Appetite stimulation, eye development and function, maintenance of tissues in reproductive, nerve and urinary tract VITAMIN D - Absorption and utilization of calcium and phosphorous in proper skeletal development VITAMIN E - Reproductive performance, said to assist tying-up syndrome VITAMIN K – Important for blood coagulation, prevents hematomas, bleeding into the eyeball, abdomen or nose THIAMINE (B1) – Essential in carbohydrate utilization, appetite stimulation and some nerve functions RIBOFLAVIN (B2) - Vitamin B2 is required for a wide variety of cellular processes. It plays a key role in energy metabolism, and is required for the metabolism of fats, vitamin B2 is required for a wide variety of cellular processes. Like the other B vitamins, it plays a key role in energy metabolism, and is required for the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. VITAMIN B12 - Utilization of fats, carbohydrates and proteins NIACIN (B3) – Important in cell respiration and digestion of carbohydrates, fats and protein PANTOTHENIC ACID (B5) – A component of coenzyme A, and important enzyme in nutrient digestion CHOLINE ACID (D3) - Fat metabolism FOLIC ACID (B9) - Prevents reduced growth rates and anaemia BIOTIN (B7) - Maintains shiny hair coat, good skin condition and helps keep hooves in good order TRACE MINERALS – Help build blood for maximum nutrient absorption

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IODINE (T) - Prevention of goitre in young horses & growth & production CALCIUM/PHOSPHOROUS (M) – Proper bone and teeth formation, sound feet and legs, reproduction, milk production and proper energy utilization IRON (T) – Haemoglobin formation, prevention of anemia COBALT (T) - Needed by intestinal bacteria to synthesize B12 COPPER (T) – An important part of haemoglobin formation, part of many enzyme systems which effect every organ and tissue of the body ZINC (T) - Very important in the development of the intergrumentary system (hooves, skin, hair) POTASSIUM (M) – Deficiencies occur with excessive sweating, anorexia and diahorrea MANGANESE (T) – Bone formation and reproduction MAGNESIUM (M) – Essential constituent for bones and teeth. Needed in many body functions as an activator of enzymes. Prevents grass tetany. SELENIUM (T) – Acts as an antioxidant. Important in muscle growth and development. Important in reproduction. Selenium also works closely with Vit E to help prevent tying-up/ syndrome

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Fats or oils are immediately utilizable during aerobic exercise (eg: endurance horses are at limit) Water retention during exercise is better if horse only fed hay the morning/day of competition

ESTIMATION OF DE REQUIREMENT: 

ESTIMATION OF DE REQUIREMENT IDLE = 10% BW + 18 OR 1.4+(0.03BW)*4.185 LIGHT = Idle * 1.25 MODERATE = Idle * 1.5 HEAVY = Idle * 2 PROTEIN = (40) DE / 4.185

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Some Protein Carbohydrate Oils/Lipids Vitamins & Minerals Protein Carbohydrate Water Water

TAKE HOME MESSAGE: 

As performance level rises so does the need for higher levels of DE Protein requirement also will rise marginally in proportion to DE Vitamin and Mineral levels (especially Electrolyte) rise markedly Water requirement rises markedly Feed according to performance levels Give concentrates a decrease on non-work days Keep teeth, hooves in good order Keep vaccinations and worming up to date Feed well balance rations with added minerals TAKE HOME MESSAGE