MSDs in palm oil

INVESTIGATION OF MSDs in agricultural industry:

INVESTIGATION OF MSDs in agricultural industry MUHAMAD SYAZWAN B KAMARUZAMAN CAMMILUS DAMIEN SANGGIE OMAR HAKIEMI B ISMAIL MUHAMAD NAZLEMIN B MAT HASSAN MOHAMAD SYAHIDI B MOHD GHAZALI NUR ATHIRAH AFIFA BT MOHD LODFI NAZ EDAYU BT MAT NAWI ERGONOMIC

INTRODUCTION:

INTRODUCTION

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Agriculture is one of the dangerous industry in United State to be work ( Mazza , 1997). This is because the workers will face occupational hazards directly and indirectly such as expose to:

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Palm oil is one of the agriculture industries in Malaysia and also contributes to musculoskeletal disease for the workers. Work activities that usually done at plantation are: harvesting, weeding, hook the fruit and fertilize the crop or trees

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This kind of job still done manually and relies on human power. This manually done task may have risk for causing skeletal muscle disorders or musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) to the workers ( Hendra and Suwandi Rahardjo on November 2009).

Muscular Skeletal Disorders (MSDs) In Agricultural Sector.:

Muscular Skeletal Disorders (MSDs) In Agricultural Sector. A.O. Ajiya (2006) The major diseases occurring in agricultural work include infections, disorders, respiratory tract infections, allergies, musculoskeletal disorders and injuries. Bernard C, Tourne M, 2007 On their study, they found that carpal tunnel syndrome occurs in one third of the cases. Shoulder is the second most common location.

Background of study:

Background of study Ladang Sawit Lepar Besar , Gambang Kuantan . 19 respondent, Male only 2258.98 Ha

Process involved:

Process involved

Preparing polYbag for seeding:

Preparing polYbag for seeding

seeding:

seeding

Trasfer of seedlings:

Trasfer of seedlings

Transfering tree to oil palm field:

Transfering tree to oil palm field

Loading to lorry:

Loading to lorry

planting:

planting No plating process at Ladang Sawit Lepar Besar because the tree already big. Usually, oil palm tree need to be cut after 25 year. Then planting process need to proceed.

fertilizing:

fertilizing

Cont…:

Cont…

PEST-ING :

PEST-ING

Harvesting :

Harvesting

Loading brunch:

Loading brunch

Problem Statement::

Problem Statement: what is risk factor for MSDS at agricultural industry which is palm oil plantation? what are the complaint to specific body area reported by the workers regarding to MSDs? What is the factor that contributed to the complaints?

Objectives::

Objectives: Identify risk factors for MSDs at agricultural industry which is palm oil plantation. Determine any complaint to specific body area regarding to MSDs. Assessing the factors that might be contributed to the complaints.

LITERATURE REVIEW:

LITERATURE REVIEW

musculoskeletal disorder(MSDs) in Palm oil industry :

musculoskeletal disorder(MSDs) in Palm oil industry

According Zainuddin & Haslam (1996):

According Zainuddin & Haslam (1996) cut / saw fruits from trees more than 13m high-70% Neck discomfort-98% Arms, hands and wrists were also found to be areas of significant discomfort-not stated As the weight of the pole does not described in detail

According Imrhan 1999:

According Imrhan 1999 Several factors influence the force that can be applied with a cylindrical power grip -size of the grasp (cylinder diameter ) -wrist position and body posture ( Imrhan , 1999 ) Tests indicate that the optimal range of cylinder diameter Males-50mm to 70mm Females-45mm to 65mm S uggest handgrip strength is greatest when standing

RISK FACTORS ON PAIN AND DISCOMFORT at agriculture:

RISK FACTORS ON PAIN AND DISCOMFORT at agriculture Guo et al. 1999 analysis shows that the reported one year period prevalence rate of back pain among individuals working in production agriculture was about one and one-half times higher than the average for all industries.

Potential Exposure in Agricultural Sector:

Potential Exposure in Agricultural Sector Based on Popendorf and Donham (1991), Agricultural workers are exposed to a variety of chemical, physical, and biological hazards. Agricultural tasks range from highly mechanized operations employing state-of-the-art technology to maintenance of subsistence plots ( Fenske and Simcox , 1995) There has been limited application of research related to ergonomics and musculoskeletal disorders although farmers frequently report musculoskeletal signs and symptoms.(Myers, 1995).

MSDS Complain At The Palm Oil Agriculture:

MSDS Complain At The Palm Oil Agriculture The activities that had been done at the palm oil agriculture used lot of manpower Hendra and Suwandi Rahardjo state in theirs journal that Palm harvesting activities conducted manually have some risks to cause musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) condition of the worker out of their comfort zone The Common or highest MSDS claims is at the neck and lower back

Method::

Method: Method 1: Nordic Questionnaire Interview Observation Method 2: RULA Method 3: REBA Method 4: BRIEFs survey Method 5: Push and pulling assessment Method 6: Manual handling assessment

ANALYSIS:

ANALYSIS

DEMOGRAPHIC DATA:

DEMOGRAPHIC DATA AGE TYPE OF WORK STATUS WORKING EXPERIENCE (YEAR) TOTAL WORK PER DAY 25 FERTELIZING(MANDOR) 2 5 8 29 FERTELIZING 1 2 8 36 FERTELIZING(DRIVER) 1 3 8 39 FERTELIZING 1 3 8 21 PEST-ING 2 4 MONTH 8 22 PEST-ING 2 2 YEARS 3 MONTH 8 21 LIFTING TREE 1 3 MONTH 10 22 LIFTING TREE 1 2 10 32 LIFTING TREE 1 3 10 22 LIFTING TREE 2 4 MONTH 10 29 LIFTING TREE 2 3 10 31 HARVESTING 1 4 YEARS 11 MONTH 8 22 HARVESTING 2 4 MONTH 8 24 HARVESTING 2 4 MONTH 8 22 NURSERY 2 1 8 22 NURSERY 2 1 8 30 NURSERY 1 4 8 23 NURSERY 2 2 8 43 NURSERY 1 8 10

MOST BODY PART PAIN GRAPH:

MOST BODY PART PAIN GRAPH

ANNUAL PREVALENCE RATES FOR MSDs IN DIFFERENT BODY AREA:

ANNUAL PREVALENCE RATES FOR MSDs IN DIFFERENT BODY AREA NECK 26.32 SHOULDER 42.11 ELBOW 43.86 WRIST/HAND 49.12 UPPER BACK 33.33 LOWER BACK 57.9 HIPS 28.1 KNEES 17.54 ANKLE/FOOT 22.81 26.32% 42.11% 33.33% 57.90% 43.86% 49.12% 28.10% 17.54% 22.81%

References :

References Bernard C, Tourne M (2007): Musculoskeletal disorders in agriculture, Stanton, A. N. 2005. Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics Methods CRC Press LLC, New York. NIOSH. 1997. A Critical Review of Epidemiologic Evidence for Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders of the Neck, Upper Extremity, and Low Back. Hendra , Suwandi Rahardjo (2009): Risiko Ergonomi Dan Keluhan Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) Pada Pekerja Panen Kelapa Sawit

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Musculoskeletal problems in Agriculture (2009). Retrieved from http://www.agri-ergonomics.eu/index.html A.O. Ajayi (2006) A Study on Occupational Safety Practices among Rural Farmers in Ile- ife Area of Osun State, Nigeria: an Emphasis on Relevant Training Needs.

RULA & REBA MEASUREMENT:

RULA & REBA MEASUREMENT

HARVESTING(REBA):

HARVESTING(REBA)

HARVESTING (RULA):

HARVESTING (RULA)

FERTELIZING(REBA):

FERTELIZING(REBA)

FERTELIZING(RULA):

FERTELIZING(RULA)

NURSERY(REBA):

NURSERY(REBA)

NURSERY(RULA):

NURSERY(RULA)

PEST-ING(REBA):

PEST-ING(REBA)

PEST-ING(RULA):

PEST-ING(RULA)

LIFTING-TREE(REBA):

LIFTING-TREE(REBA)

LIFTING-TREE(RULA):

LIFTING-TREE(RULA)

MANUAL HANDLING ASSESSMENT:

MANUAL HANDLING ASSESSMENT

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LOAD (L) =20 KG VERTICLE DISTANCE (V) = 135 CM HORIZONTAL DISTANCE (H) = 30 CM ASSYMMETRIC ANGLE (A) = 30 DEGREE FREQUENCY (F) = 45 SECONDS COUPLING (C) = 0.9 (POOR)

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METRIC LOAD CONSTATNT LC CONSTANT 20 KG HORIZONTAL MULTIPLIER HM 25/H 0.83 VERTICLE MULTIPLIER VM (1-(0.003lV-75l)) 0.82 DISTANCE MULTIPLIER DM (O.82+(4.5/D)) 1.153 ASYMMETRIC MULTIPLIER AM (1-(0.0032lAl)) 0.9 FREQUENCY MULTIPLIER FM <1 MINUTE WITHIN 1 HOUR 0.94 COUPLING MULTIPLIER CM POOR 0.9

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RWL=LC X HM X VM X DM X AM X FM X CM = 20 X 0.83 X 0.82 X 1.15X 0.9 X 0.94 X 0.9 =11.95 LI= L/RWL = 1.67 Conclusion: Greater than one and not a safe working practice

BRIEF:

BRIEF