Introductions :
18/11/2010 Introductions Civil war between monarchy and Parliament, led by Oliver Cromwell;
Charles I Stuart was executed by Parliament in 1649;
Restoration of monarchy led by George Monk, because of Cromwell’s dictatorship;
Charles II ascended the throne in 1660;
After Charles’ death, his brother James II, who was catholic, succeed to the throne in 1685;
Slide 3:
18/11/2010 Oliver Cromwell with Charles I’ head . James II George Monk Charles II P
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Causes and events :
18/11/2010 Causes and events -James II favoured Catholics against Protestants and was suspected of despotism by Parliament;
-He was removed and forced to go to France into exile;
-His catholic daughter, Mary II Stuart, married William III of Orange, prince of Holland, who landed at England in 1688.
William III :
18/11/2010 William III Before he was crowned, he signed the Declaration of rights in 1689 -- This event marked the end of absolute monarchy because it denied the King the possibility to reject a law, to levy taxes, to have an army during peace. It gave Parliament: -freedom of speech
-immunity to its representatives
-free pools
The new sovereign was the Parliament :
18/11/2010 The new sovereign was the Parliament But the King could practice a personal politics, because he could freely appoint ministers. So, constitutional monarchy was born Monarchy, which accepted Parliament collaboration and respected citizens’ rights, established by constitution.
Slide 7:
18/11/2010 The End