Life and Water 2

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Water & Life Dr. S.K. Chile Govt.P.G. College, Seoni

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Five Components on the Earth Air Water Land Flora Fauna Solar energy Change of seasons

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NP SP Equator Autumnal equinox, September 23 Vernal equinox, March 21 Winter solstice, December 22 Summer solstice, June 22 The seasons occur because the earth’s equator plane is inclined at 23 0 27’ to its orbital plane Perihelion (Maximum) Aphelion (Minimum)

Life and Water: 

Life and Water Safe Water “Fire of life is burnt by water” Unsafe Water “Desire of life is burnt by water”

Water Resources: 

Water Resources Atmospheric waters Surface waters Stored waters Ground waters “No source of water is free from the reach of pollution”

Measure for good quality of potable water: 

Measure for good quality of potable water Colititre limit:- 200 -300 Coli index limit:- 2 – 3 Coliforms:- Escherichia coli Arobacter aerogenes Coli index = No of E. coli/ litre water Colititer = Amount of water in ml contain one cell of E. coli.

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Highlights of the facts

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Nearly 80% of word’s diseases in developing world, can be linked with water. In India 90% pollution load in river system is due to human waste i.e. fecal matter. The biggest defaulters are the city municipalities. India faces double burden of diseases. Most of the old diseases are continued to be rampant, while new ones are making rapid strides.

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Every third person dies in India is a child below five years age; a victim of combination of poverty, malnutrition, unsanitary environment and unclean drinking water. Diarrhea attack children. Three die every minute. Nearly 1.5 millions die every year. It is a permanent epidemic. There is a positive correlation between some water borne diseases and spread of irrigation and pesticides.

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Extension of irrigation creating excellent ground for breeding of mosquitoes which are the carrier of diseases like Malaria, Filaria, and Japanese encephalitis. With water pipes empty most of the times, the sewage seeping into them by reverse pressure. Due to this hepatitis is increasing by leaps. Source Dr. T.N. KHOSHOO (2004)

Biological Contamination of Water: 

Biological Contamination of Water Saprobity is the measure for degree of contamination Polysaprobic zone Mesosaprobic zone Oligosaprobic zone

Animate Diseases: 

Animate Diseases Direct; Microbes and Worms. Indirect; Vectors Food Chains Toxins; Cynobacteria, Algae, Fungi, Macrophytes.

Inanimate Diseases: 

Inanimate Diseases Direct; Pesticides Heavy Metals Fluorides Cyanides Chromates Phenols Indirect; Food chains (Biomagnifications)

Microbial Diseases: 

Microbial Diseases Bacterial Diseases; Enteric fever (Typhoid), Paratyphoid fever, Bacillary dysentery, Cholera, Leptospiroses, Diarrhea and Coli enteritis etc. Viral Diseases; Infectious hepatitis, Poliomyelitis, etc. Protozoal Diseases; Amoebiasis, Giardiasis. Fungal; Dermatophytosis, Mycosis.

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Tinea capitis and corporis caused by M. canis following contact with infectious kittens

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Tinea capitis and corporis caused by M. canis following contact with infectious kittens

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Dermatophytosis by Trichophyton sp.

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"Moccasin-type" tinea pedis caused by E. floccosum (left) and vesicular type tinea pedis caused by T. interdigitale (right).

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Chronic verrucous chromoblastomycosis of the hand due to Cladophialophora carrionii.

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Zygomycosis caused by Conidiobolus.

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Zygomycosis caused by Basidiobolus ranarum

Poisoning by Pesticides: 

Poisoning by Pesticides Skin diseases; Dermatitis, Eczema Respiration; Asthma, Damage of lungs, Blockage of enzymes. Blood; Change in composition and RBC, WBC counts, reduce oxygen uptake Nervous System; Disrupt neuromuscular, central and peripheral nervous system

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Digestive System; Gastrointestinal irritation and disrupt liver function Renal; Disrupt kidney functions Other effects; Blastomogenesis, Mutagenesis, Embryotropism and Cytotoxicity. Antidotes; Dipyroxim (TMB-4), Unithiol.

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Skin problems by chemicals.

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India has world’s 17% Population But the land area is only 2.4%

Ground Water Pollution: 

Ground Water Pollution Ludhiana Electroplating textiles units:- 1-2 mg cyanide/litre Tamilnadu (Chrompet, Ambur and Ranipet) 1 km range from the tanneries. 1200 mg tannin /litre Rajasthan (Khetri copper project) Concentration of Ca, Zn, Co and Ag in excess. Super phosphate fertilizers plant increases Fluorides in water.

Position of Waste Water in India Million liter water/day (211 class I cities): 

Position of Waste Water in India Million liter water/day (211 class I cities) Generated:- 12145 MLD Collected:- 2633 MLD Treated:- 859 MLD (Primary treatment) Treated:- 1226 MLD ( I & II treatment)

Position of Wastewater in M.P. (In 14 cities): 

Position of Wastewater in M.P. (In 14 cities) Generated:- 552 MLD Collected:- 168 MLD Treated:- 86 MLD (Primary treatment) Treated:- Nil (Pry. And Sec. treatment) Source:- CPCB

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Water and Life

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Thank you