Slide 1: Floral Biology
of Wheat (Triticum aesticum) Floral Biology w heat © A.K. Chhabra
Slide 2: w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Floral Biology
of Wheat (Triticum aesticum)
Slide 3: WHEAT FIELD CROP VIEW: Vegetative Stage w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra
Slide 4: WHEAT FIELD CROP VIEW w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra
Slide 5: WHEAT FIELD CROP VIEW: Before flowering w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra
Slide 6: Wheat
WH711 CROP VIEW: At flowering w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra
Slide 7: CROP VIEW: At flowering
Slide 8: CROP VIEW: At flowering-Awnless variety C306
Slide 9: w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra SPIKE Compact ear type of wheat
Slide 10: w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Lax ear type of wheat
Slide 11: w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra COMPLETE SPIKE OF WHEAT LOWER PORTION OF SPIKE OF WHEAT UPPER PORTION OF SPIKE OF WHEAT SPIKE
Slide 12: w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Rachis Node Spike Spikelet Awn SPIKE
Slide 13: w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra G G PF PF SF SF CF Awn Extruded
anther SPIKELET CF = Central floret, SF= Secondary floret, PF= Primary floret and G= Glumes
Slide 14: w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Opened Spikelet of Wheat Glume Glume Primary
Floret Primary
Floret Secondary
floret Secondary
floret Central Floret SPIKELET
Slide 15: w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra G G Lemma of PF Primary floret (opened) PF SF SF CF OVARY Anther Palea SPIKELET Opened spike let of wheat with one floret opened CF = Central floret, SF= Secondary floret, PF= Primary floret and
G= Glumes
Slide 16: w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Reproductive organs Bi-fid feathery
Stigma Anther Androecium and Gynoecium REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
Slide 17: w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra CLOSEUP REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS Anther Filament Ovary Stigma
Slide 18: w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra GYNOECIUM Bifid feathery stigma Ovary CLOSEUP
Slide 19: w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra PERIANTH Awns Palea Lemma Lidicules
Slide 20: w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra LOWER & UPPER SPIKELETS Basal
Sterile
Spikelets Terminal spike lets of wheat showing extruded anthers LOWER
SPIKELETS UPPER
SPIKELETS
Slide 21: w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Appropriate Stage of the Spike
For Emasculation APPROPRIATE STAGES OF SPIKE/SPIKELET/FLORTET
FOR EMASCULATION IN WHEAT Spike should be in the flag leaf and anthers should be green as shown above Reproductive Organs
Slide 22: w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Intact
Floret Palea Developing
Grain Remnants
of feathery
Stigma Lemma PARTS OF SPIKELET/ FLORET AFTER FERTILIZATION Awn
Slide 23: w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Developing Grain
(showing palea attached) Ovary developing into grain Dehisced
anthers Palea Remnants of stigma
Slide 24: w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Palea Grain Stigmatic leftover stuff Lemma Developing Grain
(showing
separated
palea)
Slide 25: w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Anther Stigma Perianth (lemma and palea) removed to show androecium and gynoecium on spike Spike of wheat Two Florets
Slide 26: w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Anthesis
starts
here Pollen
grains
Slide 27: w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Anthesis
Starts at 2/3 rd Anthesis proceeds in both directions Pollen
grains ANTHESIS IN WHEAT SPIKES
Slide 28: Emasculation and
Pollination……….. I Diagrammatic representation
II Actual process
Slide 29: w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Open glumes
Remove Central florets
Cut open primary spikelets
Remove anthers
Bag Spikes EMASCULATION I Diagrammatic
representation
Slide 30: w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Step 1 Click here
to cut it
Slide 31: w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Step 2 Click here
to cut it
Slide 32: w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Step 3 Click here
to cut it
Slide 33: w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Step 4 Cut it Click here
to cut it
Slide 34: w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Step 5 Click here
to open it
Slide 35: w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Anthers Anthers Opened
Floret Gynoecium Pollination Pollens Remove anthers
and pollinate it
Slide 36: w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Bag it
Slide 37: w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Folding
of
perforated
bags
from
base Fold it from sides
Slide 38: w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Clip it from sides
Slide 39: II Actual process of
Emasculation
And
Pollination
In
Wheat
Slide 40: Under Graduate Students
Being Demonstrated the Emaculation and Pollination Technique
Slide 41: Crossing Block All the genotypes / parents are space planted at single place for easy access
Slide 42: Correct stage of spike for emasculation
When spike is still inside the flag leaf
Slide 43: Correct stage of spike for emasculation
When spike is still inside the flag leaf
Slide 44: Cut the flag leaf with scissor
Slide 45: Hold the central floret with forceps MOVIE
Slide 46: Remove it (the central floret) with forceps MOVIE
Slide 47: Cut all the florets from the top in such a way that there is no damage to the stigma. Remove the anthers MOVIE
Slide 48: Undamaged stigma in the emasculated floret MOVIE
Slide 49: Emasculated Spike
Slide 50: Cover each spike after emasculation MOVIE
Slide 51: Cut all the spikelets from 2/3rd of the top and insert them in the soil as shown in this picture. These should be exposed to the sunlight preferably during morning hours (8-9 AM) Preparation of male parent MOVIE
Slide 52: Anthers are exposed to sun and burst open to release pollen grains MOVIE
Slide 53: Anthers are exposed to sun…… MOVIE
Slide 54: As a result of heat, anthers exert out of the floret… CLOSE VIEW MOVIE
Slide 55: And become ready to dehisce pollen grains MOVIE
Slide 56: And become ready to dehisce pollen grains CLOSE VIEW MOVIE
Slide 57: And become ready to dehisce pollen grains CLOSE VIEW MOVIE
Slide 58: Pollen bearing spike is inverted on to the emasculated female parent spike and is shaken to release the pollen grains Pollination MOVIE
Slide 59: Invert the spike inside the bag and enclose. MOVIE
Slide 60: Invert the spike inside the bag and enclose. This indicates that pollination has been done. CLOSE VIEW MOVIE
Slide 61: Mark the bag with date of emasculation and pollination. MOVIE
Slide 62: heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra w Hybrid seed production using CMS in wheat SEED PRODUCTION PLOT BORDER ROWS OF OAT BORDER ROWS OF OAT
Slide 63: Male parent BORDER ROWS OF OAT
Slide 64: Male parent BORDER ROWS OF OAT Pollen
Dispersal;
Slide 65: Mature Crop
Slide 66: Mature grains