Flower Structure of pearl millet

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P earl millet Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Floral Biology Pearl millet

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P earl millet Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra The Crop View Spike Flag leaf

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The Plant Plant has many tillers, each having one spike at the terminal end. Inflorescence is a one half to two feet long cylindrical terminal spike consisting of a central rachis on which infinite number of fascicles are packed Spike P earl millet Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra

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P earl millet Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Bee pollination in pearl millet MOVIE Honey bee visiting pearl millet spike

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Boot-leaf Stage Emerging spike from flag leaf P earl millet Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra

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Ear emergence in pearl millet Flag leaf Ear still inside flag leaf sheath Panicle

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Various Stages of Spike Development & Anthesis in Pearl millet Panicle emergence Protogyny First flush of anthesis Second flush of anthesis Third flush of anthesis Stigma Emergence Anther Dehiscence from staminate florets Anther Dehiscence from perfect florets Boot leaf stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Anthesis completed & grain formation started

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Various Stages of Anthesis in Pearl millet Panicle emergence Protogyny First flush of anthesis Second flush of anthesis Third flush of anthesis Stigma Emergence Anther Dehiscence from staminate florets Anther Dehiscence from perfect florets Anthesis completed

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Anthesis First flush of anthers from bisexual florets OR Second flush of anthesis

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Panicle (part) of Pearl Millet CLOSE-UP VIEW OF Immature panicle Spikelets

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Panicle (part) of Pearl Millet FURTHER CLOSE-UP VIEW OF Immature panicle Spikelets

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Bi-fid feathery stigma (white) Protogyny in pearl millet

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CLOSE-UP Protogyny in pearl millet Bi-fid feathery stigma (white)

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CLOSE-UP Protogyny in pearl millet Bi-fid feathery stigma (white) Bisexual floret

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CLOSE-UP Protogyny in pearl millet Bi-fid feathery stigma (white) Bisexual floret

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Part of Panicle of Pearl Millet CLOSE-UP Protogyny in pearl millet Bi-fid feathery stigma (white) Bisexual floret

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CLOSE-UP Protogyny in pearl millet Bi-fid feathery stigma (white) Bisexual floret

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Rachis of Pearl millet spike Fascicle attached to rachis

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Rachis of Pearl millet spike Fascicles attached to rachis

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Rachis of Pearl millet spike Peduncle outside the flag leaf Peduncle inside the flag leaf Rachis and Peduncle of Pearl millet

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T.S. of Pearl Millet Spike showing Arrangement of Fascicles Fascicle Rachis At Flowering At Maturity T.S. SPIKE

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Cluster of fascicles of pearl millet stigma spikelet Whorl of bristles

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Fascicle Peduncle Whorl of bristles Pair of spikelets

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Peduncle My be Pubescent (hairy)

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Fascicle Fascicle has three pairs of spikelets, each having two florets, lower being staminate and upper being bisexual. Lower floret (staminate) Upper floret (bisexual) Whorl of bristles

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Pair of florets in a spikelet Spikelets contain two flowers partially enclosed by a short outer glume and another inner glume. Lower flower is staminate and upper one is hermaphrodite. Three stamens (lower staminate) Glume Glume Stigma

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Spikelets Florets and Stamens of Pearl millet stigma Lower staminate floret Upper bisexual floret Single Spikelet (closed) Single Spikelet (opened) Bisexual floret Dried dehisced anther stigma Three stamens Glume

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P earl millet Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Stigma Style Ovary Gynoecium

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P earl millet Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Each Fascicle has One Bristle Only BRISTLE

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P earl millet Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra BRISTLE Each Fascicle has One Bristle Only

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P earl millet Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra SPIKELETS Each fascicle has a pair of spike lets. Each spike let has two florets, the upper one being perfect and the lower one being staminate. In bristled varieties, each fascicle has one bristle only. Bristle Stigma from perfect floret G1 G2 L1 L2 Staminate Floret Perfect Floret Pair of Spike let

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P earl millet Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Variation for glume color Purple spot Green Grain

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P earl millet Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Variation for glume color Purple spot on green glume Green glume

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P earl millet Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Variation for glume color Purple spot on green glume Green glume

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P earl millet Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Pair of spike lets removed from fascicle showing protruding stigmas from the perfect floret and second floret without stigma (staminate) Spike let Perfect floret

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Color Variation for Anthers in Pearl millet MAGNIFIED PICTURES ……. Yellow anthers Purple anthers Grey anthers P earl millet Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra

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Grey anthers P earl millet Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra

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Purple anthers P earl millet Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra

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Yellow anthers P earl millet Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra

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P earl millet Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Anther Color Variation MOVIE Click here to see clouds of pearlmillet pollen

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Gynoecium of Pearl millet Stigma Style Ovary Stigma Style Ovary Style Stigma

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Tip variation among spikes P earl millet Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra

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Tip variation among spikes

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Bristled vs. non-bristled Pearl millet Bristles Non-bristled

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P earl millet Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Variation for Bristle Color Purple Bristles Light Brown Bristles

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Mature spikes filled with grains

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Mature Grains on Spike P earl millet Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra

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Floral Biology of Pearl millet Spike Shapes in Pearl millet Source: ICRISAT P earl millet Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Panicle shape and size variation in pearl millet germplasm at ICRISAT

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Spike Length Variation & Shapes in Pearl millet CMS lines

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Twin-Spikes in pearl millet

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CROSSING BLOCK

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Selfing and Crossing Field/Nursery

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Pearl millet field at anthesis

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Floral Biology of Pearl millet Pearl millet field at maturity

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Floral Biology of Pearl millet Pearl millet field at maturity

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Mature Crop of Pearl Millet

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Flag leaf Hairy ligules Marker trait for varietal identification

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Marker trait for varietal identification Hairy ligules