Flower structure of onion

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Slide 1: 

FLORAL BIOLOGY OF ONION (Allium cepa L.) 2N=2X=16

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Field View Seed Production Plot: Inflorescence (umbel) is present at the top of the green stem which is hollow from inside. The height may vary from 0.9m-1.2m depending upon genotype and other factors.

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Flowers in the umbel are enclosed in a membranous sheath called spathe. Inflorescence Membranous sheath

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The sheath is white-creamish in color. These are 2-3 in number. Inflorescence Close-up Membranous sheath

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The sheath splits because of the pressure created by growing flowers inside the umbel. Inflorescence Membranous sheath Flowers

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The sheath splits because of the pressure created by growing flowers inside the umbel. Inflorescence Close-up Membranous sheath: splitting Flowers

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There may be 50-2000 florets in an inflorescence. This depends upon genotype, time of planting and size and storage conditions of the mother bulb Inflorescence Close-up Membranous sheath

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Florets Close-up Perianth

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Florets Close-up 2 Perianth

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Florets Close-up Perianth Single floret

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Florets Close-up Single floret

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Florets Close-up Single floret

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Inflorescence Flowers are protandrous, so the crop is cross pollinated. The umbels are aggregates of cymes of 5-10 flowers each and the flowers open in a definite sequence. Anthers

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Anthesis

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Inflorescence Close-up The flowers are white to bluish in color. The perianth segments are 6 in 2 whorls spreading, reflexed, free and ovate. The stamens are also six in two whorls. Anthers (outer) Ovary Anthers (inner)

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Inflorescence Close-up Anthers are bi-locular and the ovary is superior. Stigma

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Floret TOP VIEW Anthers (outer) Ovary Anthers (inner) Ovary is superior and anthers are in two whorls, each having three stamens.

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Floret SIDE VIEW Ovary is superior and anthers are in two whorls, each having three stamens. Anthers (outer) Ovary Anthers (inner) Stigma

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Floret ANOTHER SIDE VIEW Ovary is superior and anthers are in two whorls, each having three stamens. Anthers (outer) Ovary Anthers (inner) Stigma

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Gynoecium Ovary Stigma

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Androecium Anthers may be of purple in color in some of the genotypes or their color changes with age of the flower also.

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Androecium Purple anthers

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Androecium Some florets have two ovaries with 7 stamens. Green anthers Two Stigmas

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Androecium Purple anthers Single Stigma

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Androecium 7 GREEN ANTHERS PURPLE ANTHERS

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Membranous Perianth

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Crop View at Seed Formation Stage

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Seed Formation Stage

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Seed Formation Stage

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Seed Formation Stage

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Seed Formation Stage

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Accessory Organs of Flower

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Seed

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T.S. Seed

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Mature Onion