BASIC CONCEPTS OF PLANT BREEDING

Download
Share  Add to  Flag Embed
Views:
 
Category: Education
     
 
License:   All Rights Reserved

Presentation Description

No description available.

Comments

 

By: tasmien (4 month(s) ago)

Hi. Please send me your presentation on basic concepts of plant breeding. tasmien.horsley@sugar.org.za

 

By: yediveren (6 month(s) ago)

plz I wont this presentation ubet@mynet.com

 

By: wsliulaas (6 month(s) ago)

sir, would youplese send me your this ppt presentation? to wsliulaas@163.com

 

By: maldarsp (7 month(s) ago)

sir it is very useful ppt for TyBsc students to understand the concept

 

By: irannajakati (7 month(s) ago)

sir am in need of this brinjal ppt. kindly allow me download it. thank you

See all

Presentation Transcript

BASIC CONCEPTS OF PLANT BREEDING : 

BASIC CONCEPTS OF PLANT BREEDING A.K. Chhabra Copyright of original figures used in this presentation from other sources is duly acknowledged and the copyright remains with its original creator. These have not been used for commercial purpose but for educational use only.

Floral Biology : 

Floral Biology

BREEDER’S KIT : 

BREEDER’S KIT Needles : Required to open small buds and separating the floral parts. Brushes: Camel hair brushes of size 1, 2, 3 or 4 or bigger (depending upon flower size) for collection of pollen and transfer to stigma. Sometimes cotton is also used for this purpose. Bags: Parchment paper bag, khaki cloth bags, muslin cloth bag, and paper bags of different sizes for different crops. These are used to avoid cross-contamination with pollen of unwanted genotype. Alcohol or methylated spirit: A small vial of alcohol or methylated spirit is required to sterilize forceps, scissors, needles, brushes etc. A Good Quality Microscope is required in the lab to study cell division, pollen viability and germination etc. Tags: Paper, cardboard or aluminum tags are required for labeling the crossed /emasculated buds in the field. In the case of paper or cardboard tags, they have to be dipped in wax after labeling and tags are tied in bamboo sticks.   Lead pencil: Required to write on the paper tag. This is preferred over permanent marker pen because of its durability under all kinds of harsh weather like high temperature and rain.  Colored thread: Colored thread is required to tie the bud that has been emasculated. Different colors may be used to denote different dates of emasculation. This helps in easy trace out of flowers ready to pollinate on a particular date.  Meter scale: Required for plant and other measurements in the field.  Petri plate: A Petri plate is required to collect the pollen grains in some of the crops like Sunflower. Pollen is collected in mass and applied using cotton.  Field note books: Field note books are required to note down daily observation in the field, regarding germination, flowering, morphological description, initial and final stand etc.  Other Accessories: Besides all these breeders of different crops may require some specialized items. For example, cotton breeder may require Paper straws to emasculate flowers if he/she is using paper straw method which is common at many places. Hot water thermos / cold water containers may be required if breeder is applying these treatments for emasculation (e.g. in rice). A portable phase contrast microscope is also required to test pollen viability under field conditions while conducting pollination in the emasculated flowers and to see fertility/sterility behaviour of CMS and restorer lines in seed production programme.

Slide 4: 

Flower Structure

Slide 5: 

END SHOW Generalized Flower Structure Reproductive organs-somatic as well as reproductive cells participate in APOMIXIS

Slide 6: 

END SHOW Flower Structure Pollination generally occurs in an apomictic flower but fertilization does not take place……..

Slide 7: 

Gametes and other somatic cells ??? END SHOW Antipodal cells Egg Cell Polar nuclei

Slide 8: 

ALTERNATION OF GENERATION Gametophytic vs. Sporophytic Angiosperm follows alternation of generation

FLOWER : 

FLOWER

FLOWER : 

FLOWER

FLOWER : 

FLOWER

Slide 12: 

PERFECT FLOWER Self-pollination Cross-pollination Apomixis Which type of flower leads to apomixis ?

Slide 13: 

PISTILLATE FLOWER Which type of flower leads to apomixis ? Cross-pollination Apomixis

Slide 14: 

Which type of flower leads to apomixis ? STAMINATE FLOWER Apomixis v.v.rare

Slide 15: 

Self-pollination Cross-pollination Apomixis Apomixis Cross-pollination Apomixis Which type of flower leads to apomixis ? go back

Slide 16: 

? Complete / Incomplete / Perfect / Imperfect / Hermaphrodite / Bisexual / Staminate / Pistillate / Unisexual Click to get answer....

Slide 17: 

Apomixis Complete / Incomplete / Perfect / Imperfect / Hermaphrodite / Bisexual / Staminate / Pistillate / Unisexual

Slide 18: 

? Complete / Incomplete / Perfect / Imperfect / Hermaphrodite / Bisexual / Staminate / Pistillate / Unisexual Click to get answer....

Slide 19: 

Complete / Incomplete / Perfect / Imperfect / Hermaphrodite / Bisexual / Staminate / Pistillate / Unisexual Apomixis

Slide 20: 

? Complete / Incomplete / Perfect / Imperfect / Hermaphrodite / Bisexual / Staminate / Pistillate / Unisexual Click to get answer....

Slide 21: 

Complete / Incomplete / Perfect / Imperfect / Hermaphrodite / Bisexual / Staminate / Pistillate / Unisexual Apomixis

FLOWER : 

FLOWER

FLOWER : 

FLOWER

FLOWER : 

FLOWER

FLOWER : 

FLOWER

FLOWER : 

FLOWER

FLOWER : 

FLOWER

FLOWER : 

FLOWER

FLOWER : 

FLOWER

FLOWER : 

FLOWER

FLOWER : 

FLOWER

FLOWER : 

FLOWER

FLOWER : 

FLOWER

FLOWER : 

FLOWER

Slide 35: 

END SHOW MODES OF POLLINATION

Slide 36: 

END SHOW Detection of Mode of Pollination

Slide 37: 

END SHOW Determination of apomixis aa AA CLICK HERE

Slide 38: 

REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTERS

Slide 39: 

Amount of Cross-pollination

Slide 40: 

Modes of reproduction Modes of Reproduction Sexual Asexual Apomixis Vegetative

Slide 41: 

It is uniparental Also called somatogenic reproduction No fusion of gametes Meiosis is absent, only mitosis is present Haploid-diploid alternation does not occur. Quick method of multiplication Parent produces large number of individuals Asexual Reproduction AMPHIMIXIS-SEXUAL REPRODUCTION APOMIXIS-ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Asexual Reproduction: method of reproduction in which individuals develop directly from specialized or unspecialized parts of single parent without production and fusion of sex cells or gametes.

Slide 42: 

Apomixis paths The sexual life cyle of flowering plants and the apomictic reproduction by seed which occurs when the sexual life cycle is short-circuited (after Vielle-Calzada et al., 1996). SHOTR CIRCUTTED

Slide 43: 

POTENTIAL: Hybrid Seed Production GMS

Slide 44: 

END SHOW POTENTIAL: Hybrid Seed Production CGMS

Slide 45: 

POTENTIAL: Hybrid Seed Production CGMS

Slide 46: 

END SHOW POTENTIAL: Hybrid Seed Production DETASSELING

Slide 47: 

POTENTIAL: Hybrid Seed Production CGMS-SI-A COMPARISON

Slide 48: 

END SHOW Protogyny: hybrid seed production USING PROTOGYNY

Slide 49: 

POTENTIAL: Hybrid Seed Production X X X X F1 apomixis F1

FLOWER : 

FLOWER

FLOWER : 

FLOWER

FLOWER : 

FLOWER Parts of a typical papilionaceous flower

Slide 53: 

FLOWER Monadelphous androecium

Slide 54: 

FLOWER

Slide 55: 

FLOWER REPRODUICTIVE ORGANS OF BRASSICA FLOWER Rape seed and mustard

Slide 56: 

FLOWER

Slide 57: 

FLOWER

Slide 58: 

FLOWER

Slide 59: 

FLOWER The Heteromorphic system is also called as Heteromorphic sporophytic system. Pin is of ss genotype and thrum is always Ss. The only compatible mating is between Pin X Thrum or Thrum x Pin.

Slide 60: 

FLOWER In this system, the genetic makeup of gametes (male and female) controls the incompatibility reaction. If the genotype of pollen is different from the genotype of ovule, it would grow. Both the alleles show co-dominance. S1 pollen would not grow on S1 stigma (S1S2 or S1S3 or ….. S1Sn genotype of ovary); S4 pollen would grow on S1S2, S1S3…..S1Sn (except S1S4).

Slide 61: 

FLOWER In Sporophytic Homomorphic incompatibility, alleles show dominance relationship as S1 > S2 > S3 > S4 . …………. > Sn. For example the S1S2 maternal genotype would behave as S1 and S12 or S1S3 or ….. S1Sn male genotype would behave S1, therefore, would lead incompatible reaction (see above).

Slide 62: 

FLOWER

Slide 63: 

FLOWER

Slide 64: 

FLOWER Table1. No. of single and double crosses

Slide 65: 

FLOWER

Slide 66: 

FLOWER

Slide 67: 

FLOWER

Slide 68: 

FLOWER

Slide 69: 

FLOWER

Slide 70: 

FLOWER

Slide 71: 

FLOWER