Floral Biology of wheat (Triticum aestivum)

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Presentation Transcript

Slide 1: 

Floral Biology of Wheat (Triticum aesticum) Floral Biology w heat © A.K. Chhabra

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w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Floral Biology of Wheat (Triticum aesticum)

Slide 3: 

WHEAT FIELD CROP VIEW: Vegetative Stage w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra

Slide 4: 

WHEAT FIELD CROP VIEW w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra

Slide 5: 

WHEAT FIELD CROP VIEW: Before flowering w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra

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Wheat WH711 CROP VIEW: At flowering w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra

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CROP VIEW: At flowering

Slide 8: 

CROP VIEW: At flowering-Awnless variety C306

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w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra SPIKE Compact ear type of wheat

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w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Lax ear type of wheat

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w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra COMPLETE SPIKE OF WHEAT LOWER PORTION OF SPIKE OF WHEAT UPPER PORTION OF SPIKE OF WHEAT SPIKE

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w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Rachis Node Spike Spikelet Awn SPIKE

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w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra G G PF PF SF SF CF Awn Extruded anther SPIKELET CF = Central floret, SF= Secondary floret, PF= Primary floret and G= Glumes

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w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Opened Spikelet of Wheat Glume Glume Primary Floret Primary Floret Secondary floret Secondary floret Central Floret SPIKELET

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w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra G G Lemma of PF Primary floret (opened) PF SF SF CF OVARY Anther Palea SPIKELET Opened spike let of wheat with one floret opened CF = Central floret, SF= Secondary floret, PF= Primary floret and G= Glumes

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w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Reproductive organs Bi-fid feathery Stigma Anther Androecium and Gynoecium REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

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w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra CLOSEUP REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS Anther Filament Ovary Stigma

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w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra GYNOECIUM Bifid feathery stigma Ovary CLOSEUP

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w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra PERIANTH Awns Palea Lemma Lidicules

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w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra LOWER & UPPER SPIKELETS Basal Sterile Spikelets Terminal spike lets of wheat showing extruded anthers LOWER SPIKELETS UPPER SPIKELETS

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w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Appropriate Stage of the Spike For Emasculation APPROPRIATE STAGES OF SPIKE/SPIKELET/FLORTET FOR EMASCULATION IN WHEAT Spike should be in the flag leaf and anthers should be green as shown above Reproductive Organs

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w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Intact Floret Palea Developing Grain Remnants of feathery Stigma Lemma PARTS OF SPIKELET/ FLORET AFTER FERTILIZATION Awn

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w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Developing Grain (showing palea attached) Ovary developing into grain Dehisced anthers Palea Remnants of stigma

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w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Palea Grain Stigmatic leftover stuff Lemma Developing Grain (showing separated palea)

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w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Anther Stigma Perianth (lemma and palea) removed to show androecium and gynoecium on spike Spike of wheat Two Florets

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w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Anthesis starts here Pollen grains

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w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Anthesis Starts at 2/3 rd Anthesis proceeds in both directions Pollen grains ANTHESIS IN WHEAT SPIKES

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Emasculation and Pollination……….. I Diagrammatic representation II Actual process

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w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Open glumes Remove Central florets Cut open primary spikelets Remove anthers Bag Spikes EMASCULATION I Diagrammatic representation

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w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Step 1 Click here to cut it

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w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Step 2 Click here to cut it

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w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Step 3 Click here to cut it

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w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Step 4 Cut it Click here to cut it

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w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Step 5 Click here to open it

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w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Anthers Anthers Opened Floret Gynoecium Pollination Pollens Remove anthers and pollinate it

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w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Bag it

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w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Folding of perforated bags from base Fold it from sides

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w heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra Clip it from sides

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II Actual process of Emasculation And Pollination In Wheat

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Under Graduate Students Being Demonstrated the Emaculation and Pollination Technique

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Crossing Block All the genotypes / parents are space planted at single place for easy access

Slide 42: 

Correct stage of spike for emasculation When spike is still inside the flag leaf

Slide 43: 

Correct stage of spike for emasculation When spike is still inside the flag leaf

Slide 44: 

Cut the flag leaf with scissor

Slide 45: 

Hold the central floret with forceps MOVIE

Slide 46: 

Remove it (the central floret) with forceps MOVIE

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Cut all the florets from the top in such a way that there is no damage to the stigma. Remove the anthers MOVIE

Slide 48: 

Undamaged stigma in the emasculated floret MOVIE

Slide 49: 

Emasculated Spike

Slide 50: 

Cover each spike after emasculation MOVIE

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Cut all the spikelets from 2/3rd of the top and insert them in the soil as shown in this picture. These should be exposed to the sunlight preferably during morning hours (8-9 AM) Preparation of male parent MOVIE

Slide 52: 

Anthers are exposed to sun and burst open to release pollen grains MOVIE

Slide 53: 

Anthers are exposed to sun…… MOVIE

Slide 54: 

As a result of heat, anthers exert out of the floret… CLOSE VIEW MOVIE

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And become ready to dehisce pollen grains MOVIE

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And become ready to dehisce pollen grains CLOSE VIEW MOVIE

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And become ready to dehisce pollen grains CLOSE VIEW MOVIE

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Pollen bearing spike is inverted on to the emasculated female parent spike and is shaken to release the pollen grains Pollination MOVIE

Slide 59: 

Invert the spike inside the bag and enclose. MOVIE

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Invert the spike inside the bag and enclose. This indicates that pollination has been done. CLOSE VIEW MOVIE

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Mark the bag with date of emasculation and pollination. MOVIE

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heat Floral Biology © A.K. Chhabra w Hybrid seed production using CMS in wheat SEED PRODUCTION PLOT BORDER ROWS OF OAT BORDER ROWS OF OAT

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Male parent BORDER ROWS OF OAT

Slide 64: 

Male parent BORDER ROWS OF OAT Pollen Dispersal;

Slide 65: 

Mature Crop

Slide 66: 

Mature grains