logging in or signing up History of Plant Breeding chhabra61 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 2202 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (5) Dislike it (0) Added: July 05, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: abdelrahmanelenany (14 month(s) ago) name abdelrahman elenany ain shams university abdelrahmanelenany@yahoo.com please i went the very good presentation (History of Plant Breeding) and thank you Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: chhabra61 (22 month(s) ago) Please let me know your name, and university also...........for my records Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Slide 1: PLANT BREEDING - HISTORY OBJECTIVES & ACHIEVEMENTS Slide 2: DEFINITIONS Plant Breeding: A science as well as an art of improving genetic make-up of plants in relation to their economic use; also called as crop improvement The man directed evolution has been named as “plant breeding” and has been variously defined Vavilov (1935 & 1951): Plant breeding is ‘the evolution directed by the will of man. Vavilov (1935 & 1951): Slide 3: DEFINITIONS Stebbins (1957): Plant breeding in terms of natural evolution and opined that ‘plant breeding is merely a continuation of the natural evolution of the crop plant species, changing its course in the direction of greater use to mankind. Slide 4: DEFINITIONS Frankel (1958): Plant breeding is the adjustment of plants to the service of man. Smith (1966): Plant breeding is an art and science of improving genetic pattern of plants in relation to their economic use. Slide 5: DEFINITIONS Riley (1978): Plant breeding is a technology of the production of varieties of crop plants adapted to man’s needs. Riley (1979): Plant breeding is a technology which has the practical purpose of producing material objects-the variety or cultivar- which offer advantages on pre existing varieties in terms of absolute yield, stability of yield, agronomic convenience or quality of the market Slide 6: DEFINITIONS Poehlman & Sleeper (1995) Plant breeding is the art and the science of improving the heredity of plants for the benefit of human Germplasm: The whole library of alleles in a crop species or sum total of genes in a species Breeding Techniques: Various breeding procedures which are used for genetic improvement of crop plants in relation to their economic use. Seed Production technology: A branch of plant breeding which deals with the principles and methods of improved seed production. Slide 7: LAND MARKS IN PLANT BREEDING Slide 9: LAND MARKS IN PLANT BREEDING Slide 10: LAND MARKS IN PLANT BREEDING Slide 11: LAND MARKS IN PLANT BREEDING Slide 12: LAND MARKS IN PLANT BREEDING Slide 13: LAND MARKS IN PLANT BREEDING Slide 14: HISTORY OF PLANT BREEDING IN INDIA Slide 15: HISTORY OF PLANT BREEDING IN INDIA Slide 16: OBJECTIVES: Development of crop cultivars with improved yield (both the quantity and quality) and stability of performance and possessing resistance to abiotic (thermo tolerant, drought, salinity, frost, cold etc) & biotic stresses (diseases and insect pests) with value added traits. Ultimate aim is to evolve better crop cultivars at the least cost and least hazards to the environment Slide 17: OBJECTIVES: Betterment may be with regard to increased quantity and quality of the produce, resistant to diseases and insect pests, more stability over a wide range of environments, photo-and thermo-insensitivity, production of even more curious forms (novelties), high input use efficiency and response etc. Slide 18: OBJECTIVES: Three are three basic philosophies: a) Defect elimination b) Breeding for yield c) Breeding for model plants or ideotypes Slide 19: OBJECTIVES: Individually Objectives can be characterized for various crops as follow: Higher Yield Improved quality Disease and Insect Resistance Changes in Maturity Duration Agronomic Characteristics Photo insensitivity Synchronous maturity Slide 20: OBJECTIVES: Non Shattering Characteristics Determinate Growth Dormancy Varieties for New Seasons Moisture Stress and Salt Tolerance Elimination of Toxic Substances Slide 21: ACCOMPLISHMENTS: Development of semi dwarf Wheat & Rice: photo insensitive and input efficient and responsive varieties of grain crops (which spearheaded green revolution) : and their adoption all over the world in a revolutionary manner resulted in several fold increase in the production of these crops and ultimately in huge food grain reserves, Semi Dwarf Wheat & Rice Slide 22: ACCOMPLISHMENTS: Development of Noble canes through distant hybridization: Sachharum barberi: grown in North India- hardy, poor in yield and sugar content. Sachharum officinarum – thicker stem & high sugar content but performed badly in North India- due to low winter temperatures in the region. Slide 23: ACCOMPLISHMENTS: Hybrid Cotton: Evolution of intra and inter specific hybrids in cotton, Hybrid Millets: commercial hybrids in pearlmillet, sorghum, castor, sunflower etc. New Season Cultivars: Development of rabi maize and sorghum, spring season rice, summer grain legumes (moongbean, urdbean etc.) Slide 24: ACCOMPLISHMENTS: Tobacco varieties Development of Hybrid Rice Evolution of number of pulse crop varieties with proven inbuilt resistance to various diseases Slide 25: MULTIPLE CHOICES 1. First interspecific hybrid in Dianthus was developed' by (a) Thomas Fairchild (1717) (b) Andrew Knight (1800) (c) Mendel (1866) (d) None of the above. 2. First intergeneric cross between bread wheat and Rye was made by (a) Andrew Knight (1800) (b) Mendel (1866) (c) Rimpu (1890) . (d) de Vries (1900). 3. The terms genotype and phenotype were coined by (a) Shull (1908) (b) East (1908) (c) Johannsen (1903) (d) Correns (1900). Slide 26: MULTIPLE CHOICES 4. The term heterosis was coined by (a) East (1908) (b) Davenport (1908) (c) Shull (1914) (d) Jones (1917). 5. Dominance hypothesis of heterosis was proposed by (a) Shull (1908) (b) East (1908) (c) Davenport (1908) (d) All of the above. 6. Overdominance hypothesis of heterosis was proposed by (a) Johannsen (1903) (b) Davenport (1908) (c) Shull and East (1908)(d) Jones (1917). Slide 27: MULTIPLE CHOICES 7. Law of Parallel variation was given by (a) Harlan (1948) (b) Vavilov (1926, 51) (c) Hawkes (1977) (d) Frey (1966). 8. First intergeneric hybrid between raddish and cabbage was made by (a)-Andrew Knight (1800) (b) Rimpu (1890) (c) Karpechenko (1927) (d) Hull (1945). 9. For induction of mutations in crop plants, X-rays were first used by (a) H.J. Muller (1927) (b) Stadler (1928) (c) Broke (1971) (d) Aurebach (1976). Slide 28: MULTIPLE CHOICES 10. Origin of tetraploid species of Brassica was first given by (a) Karpechenko (1927) (b) East (1936) (c) Nagaheru (1935) (d) Jenkins (1940). 11. The term over-dominance was coined by (a) Shull (1908) (b) East (1908) (c) Hull (1945) (d) Davenport (1908). 12. The term recurrent selection was coined by (a) Hayes and Garden (1919) (b) East and Jones (1920) (c) Jenkins (1940) (d) Hull (1945). Slide 29: MULTIPLE CHOICES 13. The concept of disruptive selection was developed by (a) Mather (1953) (b) Thoday (1958) (c) Falconer (1960) (d) Jensen (1972). 14. Single seed descent method was first applied in oats by (a) Goulden (1939) (b) Grafius (1965) (c) Thoday (1%0) (d) Mather (1953). 15. Concept of crop ideotype was developed by (a) Donald (1968) (b) Adams (1982) (c) Jennings (1964) (d) None of the above. Slide 30: MULTIPLE CHOICES 16. The terms vertical resistance and horizontal resistance were first used by (a) Flor (1956) (b) Van der Plank (1963) (c) Robinson (1971) (d) Russell (1978). 17. The science which is used for genetic improvement of crop plants is referred to as Plant Breeding Science of crop improvement (c) Crop Improvement Technology (d) All of the above Slide 31: MATCHING 1. Match the discoveries with the name of scientist Discoveries Scientists (a) Over-dominance hypothesis 1. Karpechenko (1928) (b) Dominance hypothesis 2. Shull and East (1908) (c) Disruptive Selection 3. Davenport (1908) (d) Raphanobrassica 4. Mather (1954) 2. Match the information of group A with group B Group A Group B (a) Genotype, phenotype 1. Hull (1945) (b) Recurrent selection 2.Johannsw (1903) (c) Vertical and horizontal resistance 3. Donald (1968) (d) Ideotype 4. Van der Plank (1963 Slide 32: MATCHING 3. Match the information of group A with B Group A Group B . (a) Centres of crop diversity 1. Nagaheru (1935) (b) Origin of tetraploid Brassicas 2. VaWIov (1926) (c) Semidwarf varieties of wheat 3. Rimpu (1890) (d) Triticale 4. BorIaug (1964) 4. Match the discovery with the name of scientist Discoveries Scientists (a) Mass pedigree method 1. Jensen (1952) (b) Multilines 2. Harrington (1957) (c) Single seed descent 3. C.T. Patel (1970) (d) First Cotton Hybrid 4. Graphius (1965) Slide 33: FILL IN THE BLANKS 1. First Interspecific hybrid in Dianthus was developed by…………… 2. Artificial hybridization in fruit crops was first used by……………….. 3. The terms genotype and phenotype were coined by……………….. 4. First intergeneic cross between bread wheat and rye was made by..... 5, Dominance linked gene hypothesis was proposed by……………..... Slide 34: FILL IN THE BLANKS 6. Dominance hypothesis of heterosis was proposed by…………………. 7. Overdominance hypothesis of heterosis was proposed by……………. 8. Law of parallel variation was given by…………....... 9 .First intergeneric hybrid between radish and cabbage was made by………...... 10. Origin of tetraploid Brassica was first given by……….... Slide 35: FILL IN THE BLANKS 11. The term over dominance was coined by……………....... 12. The term recurrent selection was coined by…………....... 13. Concept of disruptive selection was developed by………..... 14. Concept of crop ideotype was developed by……………..... 15. Terms vertical resistance and horizontal resistance were used by…..... Slide 36: FILL IN THE BLANKS 16. Mass pedigree method of breeding was proposed by…....... 17. Use of multilines was first suggested by……..... 18. Semi dwarf varieties of wheat were first developed by…....... 19. The first commercial cotton hybrid was developed by…........ 20. Raphanobrassica was first developed by……....... Slide 37: TRUE OR FALSE 1. First interspecific hybrid in Dianthus was developed by Thomas Fairchild (1717). 2. Artificial hybridization in fruit crops was first used by Andrew Knight (1800). 3. Johannsen (1903) first used the terms genotype and phenotype. 4. Rimpu (1890) fIrst made intergeneric cross between bread wheat and rye. Slide 38: TRUE OR FALSE 5. Shull (1908) and East (1908) independently proposed the hypothesis of over dominance. 6. Hull fIrst used the term overdominance. 7. Law of Parallel series of variation was given by Vavilov (1926). 8. Karpenchenko (1928) first made intergeneric cross between radish and cabbage. Slide 39: TRUE OR FALSE 9. The term recurrent selection was coined by Hull in 1945. 10. Concept of disruptive selection was developed by Mather n 1953. 11. Concept of crop ideotype was developed by Donald in 1968. 12. Terms vertical resistance and horizontal resistance were coined by Van der Plank in 1963. Slide 40: TRUE OR FALSE 13. Origin of tetraploid Brassicas was given by Nagaheru. 14. Law of Parallel variation is also known as law of homologous series. 15. Centres of crop diversity were first reported by Vavilov (1926). 16. Dr. C.T. Patel is known as father of hybrid cotton. You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
History of Plant Breeding chhabra61 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 2202 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (5) Dislike it (0) Added: July 05, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: abdelrahmanelenany (14 month(s) ago) name abdelrahman elenany ain shams university abdelrahmanelenany@yahoo.com please i went the very good presentation (History of Plant Breeding) and thank you Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: chhabra61 (22 month(s) ago) Please let me know your name, and university also...........for my records Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Slide 1: PLANT BREEDING - HISTORY OBJECTIVES & ACHIEVEMENTS Slide 2: DEFINITIONS Plant Breeding: A science as well as an art of improving genetic make-up of plants in relation to their economic use; also called as crop improvement The man directed evolution has been named as “plant breeding” and has been variously defined Vavilov (1935 & 1951): Plant breeding is ‘the evolution directed by the will of man. Vavilov (1935 & 1951): Slide 3: DEFINITIONS Stebbins (1957): Plant breeding in terms of natural evolution and opined that ‘plant breeding is merely a continuation of the natural evolution of the crop plant species, changing its course in the direction of greater use to mankind. Slide 4: DEFINITIONS Frankel (1958): Plant breeding is the adjustment of plants to the service of man. Smith (1966): Plant breeding is an art and science of improving genetic pattern of plants in relation to their economic use. Slide 5: DEFINITIONS Riley (1978): Plant breeding is a technology of the production of varieties of crop plants adapted to man’s needs. Riley (1979): Plant breeding is a technology which has the practical purpose of producing material objects-the variety or cultivar- which offer advantages on pre existing varieties in terms of absolute yield, stability of yield, agronomic convenience or quality of the market Slide 6: DEFINITIONS Poehlman & Sleeper (1995) Plant breeding is the art and the science of improving the heredity of plants for the benefit of human Germplasm: The whole library of alleles in a crop species or sum total of genes in a species Breeding Techniques: Various breeding procedures which are used for genetic improvement of crop plants in relation to their economic use. Seed Production technology: A branch of plant breeding which deals with the principles and methods of improved seed production. Slide 7: LAND MARKS IN PLANT BREEDING Slide 9: LAND MARKS IN PLANT BREEDING Slide 10: LAND MARKS IN PLANT BREEDING Slide 11: LAND MARKS IN PLANT BREEDING Slide 12: LAND MARKS IN PLANT BREEDING Slide 13: LAND MARKS IN PLANT BREEDING Slide 14: HISTORY OF PLANT BREEDING IN INDIA Slide 15: HISTORY OF PLANT BREEDING IN INDIA Slide 16: OBJECTIVES: Development of crop cultivars with improved yield (both the quantity and quality) and stability of performance and possessing resistance to abiotic (thermo tolerant, drought, salinity, frost, cold etc) & biotic stresses (diseases and insect pests) with value added traits. Ultimate aim is to evolve better crop cultivars at the least cost and least hazards to the environment Slide 17: OBJECTIVES: Betterment may be with regard to increased quantity and quality of the produce, resistant to diseases and insect pests, more stability over a wide range of environments, photo-and thermo-insensitivity, production of even more curious forms (novelties), high input use efficiency and response etc. Slide 18: OBJECTIVES: Three are three basic philosophies: a) Defect elimination b) Breeding for yield c) Breeding for model plants or ideotypes Slide 19: OBJECTIVES: Individually Objectives can be characterized for various crops as follow: Higher Yield Improved quality Disease and Insect Resistance Changes in Maturity Duration Agronomic Characteristics Photo insensitivity Synchronous maturity Slide 20: OBJECTIVES: Non Shattering Characteristics Determinate Growth Dormancy Varieties for New Seasons Moisture Stress and Salt Tolerance Elimination of Toxic Substances Slide 21: ACCOMPLISHMENTS: Development of semi dwarf Wheat & Rice: photo insensitive and input efficient and responsive varieties of grain crops (which spearheaded green revolution) : and their adoption all over the world in a revolutionary manner resulted in several fold increase in the production of these crops and ultimately in huge food grain reserves, Semi Dwarf Wheat & Rice Slide 22: ACCOMPLISHMENTS: Development of Noble canes through distant hybridization: Sachharum barberi: grown in North India- hardy, poor in yield and sugar content. Sachharum officinarum – thicker stem & high sugar content but performed badly in North India- due to low winter temperatures in the region. Slide 23: ACCOMPLISHMENTS: Hybrid Cotton: Evolution of intra and inter specific hybrids in cotton, Hybrid Millets: commercial hybrids in pearlmillet, sorghum, castor, sunflower etc. New Season Cultivars: Development of rabi maize and sorghum, spring season rice, summer grain legumes (moongbean, urdbean etc.) Slide 24: ACCOMPLISHMENTS: Tobacco varieties Development of Hybrid Rice Evolution of number of pulse crop varieties with proven inbuilt resistance to various diseases Slide 25: MULTIPLE CHOICES 1. First interspecific hybrid in Dianthus was developed' by (a) Thomas Fairchild (1717) (b) Andrew Knight (1800) (c) Mendel (1866) (d) None of the above. 2. First intergeneric cross between bread wheat and Rye was made by (a) Andrew Knight (1800) (b) Mendel (1866) (c) Rimpu (1890) . (d) de Vries (1900). 3. The terms genotype and phenotype were coined by (a) Shull (1908) (b) East (1908) (c) Johannsen (1903) (d) Correns (1900). Slide 26: MULTIPLE CHOICES 4. The term heterosis was coined by (a) East (1908) (b) Davenport (1908) (c) Shull (1914) (d) Jones (1917). 5. Dominance hypothesis of heterosis was proposed by (a) Shull (1908) (b) East (1908) (c) Davenport (1908) (d) All of the above. 6. Overdominance hypothesis of heterosis was proposed by (a) Johannsen (1903) (b) Davenport (1908) (c) Shull and East (1908)(d) Jones (1917). Slide 27: MULTIPLE CHOICES 7. Law of Parallel variation was given by (a) Harlan (1948) (b) Vavilov (1926, 51) (c) Hawkes (1977) (d) Frey (1966). 8. First intergeneric hybrid between raddish and cabbage was made by (a)-Andrew Knight (1800) (b) Rimpu (1890) (c) Karpechenko (1927) (d) Hull (1945). 9. For induction of mutations in crop plants, X-rays were first used by (a) H.J. Muller (1927) (b) Stadler (1928) (c) Broke (1971) (d) Aurebach (1976). Slide 28: MULTIPLE CHOICES 10. Origin of tetraploid species of Brassica was first given by (a) Karpechenko (1927) (b) East (1936) (c) Nagaheru (1935) (d) Jenkins (1940). 11. The term over-dominance was coined by (a) Shull (1908) (b) East (1908) (c) Hull (1945) (d) Davenport (1908). 12. The term recurrent selection was coined by (a) Hayes and Garden (1919) (b) East and Jones (1920) (c) Jenkins (1940) (d) Hull (1945). Slide 29: MULTIPLE CHOICES 13. The concept of disruptive selection was developed by (a) Mather (1953) (b) Thoday (1958) (c) Falconer (1960) (d) Jensen (1972). 14. Single seed descent method was first applied in oats by (a) Goulden (1939) (b) Grafius (1965) (c) Thoday (1%0) (d) Mather (1953). 15. Concept of crop ideotype was developed by (a) Donald (1968) (b) Adams (1982) (c) Jennings (1964) (d) None of the above. Slide 30: MULTIPLE CHOICES 16. The terms vertical resistance and horizontal resistance were first used by (a) Flor (1956) (b) Van der Plank (1963) (c) Robinson (1971) (d) Russell (1978). 17. The science which is used for genetic improvement of crop plants is referred to as Plant Breeding Science of crop improvement (c) Crop Improvement Technology (d) All of the above Slide 31: MATCHING 1. Match the discoveries with the name of scientist Discoveries Scientists (a) Over-dominance hypothesis 1. Karpechenko (1928) (b) Dominance hypothesis 2. Shull and East (1908) (c) Disruptive Selection 3. Davenport (1908) (d) Raphanobrassica 4. Mather (1954) 2. Match the information of group A with group B Group A Group B (a) Genotype, phenotype 1. Hull (1945) (b) Recurrent selection 2.Johannsw (1903) (c) Vertical and horizontal resistance 3. Donald (1968) (d) Ideotype 4. Van der Plank (1963 Slide 32: MATCHING 3. Match the information of group A with B Group A Group B . (a) Centres of crop diversity 1. Nagaheru (1935) (b) Origin of tetraploid Brassicas 2. VaWIov (1926) (c) Semidwarf varieties of wheat 3. Rimpu (1890) (d) Triticale 4. BorIaug (1964) 4. Match the discovery with the name of scientist Discoveries Scientists (a) Mass pedigree method 1. Jensen (1952) (b) Multilines 2. Harrington (1957) (c) Single seed descent 3. C.T. Patel (1970) (d) First Cotton Hybrid 4. Graphius (1965) Slide 33: FILL IN THE BLANKS 1. First Interspecific hybrid in Dianthus was developed by…………… 2. Artificial hybridization in fruit crops was first used by……………….. 3. The terms genotype and phenotype were coined by……………….. 4. First intergeneic cross between bread wheat and rye was made by..... 5, Dominance linked gene hypothesis was proposed by……………..... Slide 34: FILL IN THE BLANKS 6. Dominance hypothesis of heterosis was proposed by…………………. 7. Overdominance hypothesis of heterosis was proposed by……………. 8. Law of parallel variation was given by…………....... 9 .First intergeneric hybrid between radish and cabbage was made by………...... 10. Origin of tetraploid Brassica was first given by……….... Slide 35: FILL IN THE BLANKS 11. The term over dominance was coined by……………....... 12. The term recurrent selection was coined by…………....... 13. Concept of disruptive selection was developed by………..... 14. Concept of crop ideotype was developed by……………..... 15. Terms vertical resistance and horizontal resistance were used by…..... Slide 36: FILL IN THE BLANKS 16. Mass pedigree method of breeding was proposed by…....... 17. Use of multilines was first suggested by……..... 18. Semi dwarf varieties of wheat were first developed by…....... 19. The first commercial cotton hybrid was developed by…........ 20. Raphanobrassica was first developed by……....... Slide 37: TRUE OR FALSE 1. First interspecific hybrid in Dianthus was developed by Thomas Fairchild (1717). 2. Artificial hybridization in fruit crops was first used by Andrew Knight (1800). 3. Johannsen (1903) first used the terms genotype and phenotype. 4. Rimpu (1890) fIrst made intergeneric cross between bread wheat and rye. Slide 38: TRUE OR FALSE 5. Shull (1908) and East (1908) independently proposed the hypothesis of over dominance. 6. Hull fIrst used the term overdominance. 7. Law of Parallel series of variation was given by Vavilov (1926). 8. Karpenchenko (1928) first made intergeneric cross between radish and cabbage. Slide 39: TRUE OR FALSE 9. The term recurrent selection was coined by Hull in 1945. 10. Concept of disruptive selection was developed by Mather n 1953. 11. Concept of crop ideotype was developed by Donald in 1968. 12. Terms vertical resistance and horizontal resistance were coined by Van der Plank in 1963. Slide 40: TRUE OR FALSE 13. Origin of tetraploid Brassicas was given by Nagaheru. 14. Law of Parallel variation is also known as law of homologous series. 15. Centres of crop diversity were first reported by Vavilov (1926). 16. Dr. C.T. Patel is known as father of hybrid cotton.