HAZARDS AND SAFETY

Hazards And Safety : 

Hazards And Safety

Objective of industrial Health & Safety : 

Objective of industrial Health & Safety To Provide protection . To provide healthy, safe and hygienic condition in the Industry. To take protection against risk and hazards . To provide prevention of accident on machinery and occupational hazards.

The Factory Act: 

The Factory Act The Factory Act,1948 provides basic labour laws for industrial health and safety. Factory act shall come into force on APRIL,1949. Act was first passed in 1948 then amended in 1950,1951,1954,1976,1980,2005,2008, 15 th May 2009 .

Industrial hazards…?5: 

Industrial hazards…? 5 “An accident often causing serious injury that is job related in that it usually happened on a work site such as a factory floor or construction sites.” Eg . In INDIA Bhopal Gas (Methyl Isocyanate ) Tragedy 1980

Released Components of an industry: 

Released Components of an industry waste Raw materials SO 2 CO 2 Cd West water water noise odour 5

PowerPoint Presentation: 

Classification of Hazardous Materials The DOT has broad authority to regulate hazardous materials that are in transport, including the discretion to determine which materials shall be classified as "hazardous". These materials are placed in one of nine categories, based on their chemical and physical properties. Class 1: Explosives Division 1.1 Explosives with a mass explosion hazard Division 1.2 Explosives with a projection hazard Division 1.3 Explosives with predominantly a fire hazard Division 1.4 Explosives with no significant blast hazard Division 1.5 Very insensitive explosives Division 1.6 Extremely insensitive explosive articles Class 2: Gases Division 2.1 Flammable gases Division 2.2 Nonflammable gases Division 2.3 Poison gas Division 2.4 Corrosive gases Class 3: Flammable liquids . Division 3.1 Flashpoint below -18 o C (0 o F) Division 3.2 Flashpoint -18 o C and above, but less than 23 o C (73 o F) Division 3.3 Flashpoint 23 o C and up to 61 o C (141 o F)

PowerPoint Presentation: 

Class 4: Flammable solids; spontaneously combustible materials; and materials that are dangerous when wet Division 4.1 Flammable solids Division 4.2 Spontaneously combustible materials Division 4.3 Materials that are dangerous when wet Class 5: Oxidizers and organic peroxides Division 5.1 Oxidizers Division 5.2 Organic peroxides Class 6: Poisons and etiologic materials Division 6.1 Poisonous materials Division 6.2 Etiologic (infectious) materials Class 7: Radioactive materials Any material, or combination of materials, that spontaneously gives off ionizing radiation. It has a specific activity greater than 0.002 microcuries per gram. Class 8: Corrosives A material, liquid or solid, that causes visible destruction or irreversible alteration to human skin or a liquid that has a severe corrosion rate on steel or aluminum. Class 9: Miscellaneous A material which presents a hazard during transport, but which is not included in any other hazard class (such as a hazardous substance or a hazardous waste). ORM-D: Other regulated material A material which, although otherwise subjected to regulations, presents a limited hazard during transportation due to its form, quantity and packaging.

PowerPoint Presentation: 

• Chemical -flammable/explosive materials, toxics, sensitizing agents Gases –CO,CO 2, SO 2 Mechanical–fire, noise,heat , radiation, dust -- Insecurely fixed machines. Failure of SOP. Dangerous Parts. Negligence. Improper maintenance of equipment Occupation hazards --Electrical hazards-Contact with power lines, shock Types of Industrial hazards 1

Chemicals hazards1: 

Chemicals hazards 1 Strong Acid & Bases Strong oxidizer, promotes explosive reaction with organic materials . eg-Urea Strong oxidant that reacts with combustible and reducing material.eg- Ammonium Nitrate Toxic Corrosive Irritant Carcinogenic Mutagenic EFFECT OF CHEMICALS ON EXPOSURE : Skin burn Ache Anthrax Ulcer in hand, nose etc. Cancer Irritation on wind

PROTECTION AND PREVENTION5: 

PROTECTION AND PREVENTION 5 Personal protective cloth. Leak proof connections. Piping & storage tank should be colour code. Flammable & explosive chemicals should keep at proper distance. Chemical analysis should be handled with care. Warning and Symbols.

Gases Hazard2: 

Gases Hazard 2 Main Compounds Carbon monoxide: CO Carbon dioxide: CO 2 Nitrogen dioxides: NO 2 Sulphur dioxides: SO 2 Trace compounds Heavy metals such as Cd ,Hg.

PROTECTION AND PREVENTION3: 

PROTECTION AND PREVENTION 3 All flammable gases should be separated from oxidizing gases in storage areas. Storage room for cylinder’s should be dry, cool,& well-ventilated. All compressed gas cylinders should have safety pressure relief valves. All compressed gas cylinder’s should be monitored regularly for leak detection using an approved leak detecting liquid.

MECHANICAL HAZARDS: 

MECHANICAL HAZARDS Insecurely fixed machines. Failure of SOP. Dangerous Parts. Negligence. Improper maintenance of equipment. Machine should be fitted with emergency shut down system. Turn key system for cleaning and for repairing. Operator must have a safe distance from the machine. Following strictly SOP. Stop and lock button for machines. Periodic check-up to be carried out of all machines. To wear proper dress. Explain Do’s and Dont’s to the new workers. Safety features should be written on the notice boards SAFETY MEASURES FOR MECHANICAL HAZARDS

FIRE: 

FIRE Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material in the chemical process of combustion , releasing heat , light , and various reaction products .

Fuel/Heat source : 

Fuel/Heat source 1- Ordinary combustibles 2- Flammable liquids 3- Flammable gases 4- Electrical equipment 5- Combustible metals 6- Cooking oil or fat

Chemistry of Fire: 

Chemistry of Fire Fires start when a flammable and/or a combustible material, in combination with a sufficient quantity of an oxidizer such as oxygen gas or another oxygen-rich compound (though non-oxygen oxidizers exist that can replace oxygen), is exposed to a source of heat or ambient temperature above the flash point for the fuel/oxidizer mix, and is able to sustain a rate of rapid oxidation that produces a chain reaction . This is commonly called the fire tetrahedron . Once ignited, a chain reaction must take place whereby fires can sustain their own heat by the further release of heat energy in the process of combustion and may propagate, provided there is a continuous supply of an oxidizer and fuel. Fire cannot exist without all of these elements in place and in the right proportions. For example, a flammable liquid will start burning only if the fuel and oxygen are in the right proportions.

PowerPoint Presentation: 

Fire can be extinguished by removing any one of the elements of the fire tetrahedron. The fire can be extinguished by- 1) removes the fuel source by turning off the gas supply 2) covering the flame completely 3) use of water, removes heat from the fire faster than the fire can produce it 4) use of a retardant chemical like Halon on flame, which retards the chemical reaction

Fire Hazard3: 

Fire Hazard 3 Reactors. Heat utilizations equipments. Electric. Oven and furnaces. Dehydrator and dryers. Welding and cutting Combustible and flammable liquid.

Cont…: 

Cont… Computer Monitor Fire- Fan fire

PROTECTION AND PREVENTION4: 

PROTECTION AND PREVENTION 4 Prohibition of smoking in manufacturing area. Not operating electrical switches, when gas is smelled in the area. Safety posters should be put on the notice boards. Ventilation facility. Proper storage of combustible materials and removal of waste materials. Fire extinguishers.

Fuel Classifications: 

Fuel Classifications Fires are classified according to the type of fuel that is burning. If you use the wrong type of fire extinguisher on the wrong class of fire, you might make matters worse. Its very important to understand the four different fire (fuel) classifications…

Fuel Classifications: 

Fuel Classifications Class A : Wood, paper, cloth, trash, plastics—solids that are not metals. Class B : Flammable liquids—gasoline, oil, grease, acetone. Includes flammable gases. Class C : Electrical—energized electrical equipment. As long as it’s “plugged in.” Class D : Metals—potassium, sodium, aluminum, magnesium. Requires Metal-X, foam, and other special extinguishing agents.

Fuel Classifications: 

Fuel Classifications Most fire extinguishers will have a pictograph label telling you which types of fire the extinguisher is designed to fight. For example, a simple water extinguisher might have a label like this… …which means it should only be used on Class A fires.

Types of Fire Extinguishers: 

Types of Fire Extinguishers Different types of fire extinguishers are designed to fight different classes of fire. The 3 most common types of fire extinguishers are: Water (APW) Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Dry Chemical (ABC, BC, DC)

Types of Fire Extinguishers: 

Types of Fire Extinguishers 1. Water (APW) Fire Extinguishers Large silver fire extinguishers that stand about 2 feet tall and weigh about 25 pounds when full. APW stands for “ Air-Pressurized Water.” Filled with ordinary tap water and pressurized air, they are essentially large squirt guns.

Types of Fire Extinguishers: 

Types of Fire Extinguishers 1. Water (APW) Fire Extinguishers APW’s extinguish fire by taking away the “heat” element of the Fire Triangle.

Types of Fire Extinguishers: 

Types of Fire Extinguishers 1. Water (APW) Fire Extinguishers APW’s are designed for Class A fires only : Wood, paper, cloth. Using water on a flammable liquid fire could cause the fire to spread. Using water on an electrical fire increases the risk of electrocution. If you have no choice but to use an APW on an electrical fire, make sure the electrical equipment is un-plugged or de-energized.

Types of Fire Extinguishers: 

Types of Fire Extinguishers 1. Water (APW) Fire Extinguishers APWs will be found in older buildings, particularly in public hallways, as well as in Residence Halls. They will also be found in computer laboratories. It is important to remember, however, that computer equipment must be disconnected from its electrical source before using a water extinguisher on it.

Types of Fire Extinguishers: 

Types of Fire Extinguishers 2. Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers CO 2 cylinders are red. They range in size from 5 lbs to 100 lbs or larger. On larger sizes, the horn will be at the end of a long, flexible hose. The pressure in a CO 2 extinguisher is so great, bits of dry ice may shoot out of the horn!

Types of Fire Extinguishers: 

Types of Fire Extinguishers 2. Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers CO 2 s will frequently be found in laboratories, mechanical rooms, kitchens, and flammable liquid storage areas. CO 2 ’s are designed for Class B and C (Flammable Liquids and Electrical Sources ) fires only! In accordance with NFPA regulations (and manufacturers’ recommendations), all CO 2 extinguishers at OSU undergo hydrostatic testing and recharge every 5 years.

Types of Fire Extinguishers: 

Types of Fire Extinguishers 2. Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers CO 2 is very cold as it comes out of the extinguisher, so it cools the fuel as well. Carbon dioxide is a non-flammable gas that takes away the oxygen element of the fire triangle. Without oxygen, there is no fire.

Types of Fire Extinguishers: 

Types of Fire Extinguishers 2. Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers Class A materials may also smolder and re-ignite. A CO 2 may be ineffective in extinguishing a Class A fire because it may not be able to displace enough oxygen to successfully put the fire out.

Types of Fire Extinguishers: 

Types of Fire Extinguishers 3. Dry Chemical (ABC) Fire Extinguishers The powder also works to interrupt the chemical reaction of fire. These extinguishers are very effective at putting out fire. Dry chemical extinguishers put out fire by coating the fuel with a thin layer of dust. This separates the fuel from the oxygen in the air.

Types of Fire Extinguishers: 

Types of Fire Extinguishers 3. Dry Chemical (ABC) Fire Extinguishers “ ABC” fire extinguishers are filled with a fine yellow powder. The greatest portion of this powder is composed of monoammonium phosphate. The extinguishers are pressurized with nitrogen. ABC extinguishers are red. On campus, they range in size from 5 to 20 lbs.

Types of Fire Extinguishers: 

Types of Fire Extinguishers 3. Dry Chemical (ABC) Fire Extinguishers You may see them labeled: DC (for “Dry Chemical”) ABC (can be used on Class A, B, or C fires) BC (designed for use on Class B and C fires) Dry chemical extinguishers come in a variety of types…

Types of Fire Extinguishers: 

Types of Fire Extinguishers 3. Dry Chemical (ABC) Fire Extinguishers An “ABC” extinguisher will have a label like this, indicating it may be used on Class A, B and C fires. It is extremely important to identify which types of dry chemical extinguishers are located in your area! You don’t want to mistakenly use a “BC” extinguisher on a Class A fire thinking that it was an “ABC” extinguisher.

Types of Fire Extinguishers: 

Types of Fire Extinguishers 3 . Dry Chemical (ABC) Fire Extinguishers Dry chemical extinguishers with powder designed for Class B and C fires (“BC” extinguishers) may be located in places such as commercial kitchens and areas with flammable liquids. On campus, you will find ABC’s in public hallways of new buildings, in laboratories, break rooms, offices, chemical storage areas, mechanical rooms, University vehicles, etc.

How to Use a Fire Extinguisher: 

How to Use a Fire Extinguisher It’s easy to remember how to use a fire extinguisher if you remember the acronym PASS : P ull A im S queeze S weep

How to Use a Fire Extinguisher: 

How to Use a Fire Extinguisher P ull the pin… This will allow you to discharge the extinguisher

How to Use a Fire Extinguisher: 

How to Use a Fire Extinguisher A im at the base of the fire… Hit the fuel. If you aim at the flames... … the extinguishing agent will fly right through and do no good.

How to Use a Fire Extinguisher: 

How to Use a Fire Extinguisher S queeze the top handle… This depresses a button that releases the pressurized extinguishing agent.

How to Use a Fire Extinguisher: 

How to Use a Fire Extinguisher S weep from side to side… .. until the fire is completely out. Start using the extinguisher from a safe distance away, then slowly move forward. Once the fire is out, keep an eye on the area in case it re-ignites.

Noise Hazards : 

Noise Hazards A noise hazard is an unwanted sound that may damage a person's hearing. Sources of Noise Plant and machinery Tools compressed air and steam processes Traffic Industrial premises close by . Repeated exposure to excessive noise levels results in noise-induced hearing loss. The hair cells of the cochlea that generate nerve impulses will be damaged or destroyed when their supporting structures are overworked. Only a few hair cells may be lost at a time, but with repeated exposure over days, months and years, the cumulative effect can be substantial. This type of hearing loss is permanent -when the microscopic structures are damaged, there is no way to repair them to restore reasonable hearing.

TREATMENT OF NOISE SOURCE : 

TREATMENT OF NOISE SOURCE When identifying the noise source, consider how the work is carried out. Some common sources of noise are slipping or worn belts, fan noise and objects falling into receiving bins. Look at machine parts or actual work processes and modify them to reduce noise Examples loose fitting cover panels may vibrate. Cover panels and inspection hatches should be made of stiff materials with plastic, rubber or foam damping to reduce noise and vibration Seals, gaskets or gears in a machine may produce excessive noise and should be replaced with sound resistant materials such as plastic or rubber Conveyor belts are less noisy than metal rollers for moving materials

PowerPoint Presentation: 

Rivets in a process can be replaced with welds Machinery should be mounted firmly on a sound absorbing surface. For example, using rubber bushings or springs on concrete fl oors will reduce noise Slower machine speeds can reduce noise. Ways that machine parts could be covered or enclosed Relocating auxiliary parts of plant outside the work area Increasing the distance between the noise source and employees Isolating noisy equipment or providing a soundproof booth for employees Using sound absorbing materials such as ply board, carpet,

OTHER CONTROL STRATEGIES: 

OTHER CONTROL STRATEGIES If noise exposure cannot be reduced to below the eight-hour average of 85 dB(A) through engineering controls and subsequent administrative controls, appropriate hearing protectors should be provided. To ensure employees are aware of the noise risks and action required to protect them from excessive noise exposure, they should be trained in: Agreed safe work practices How to fi t and use appropriate personal protective equipment supplied by the employer Reporting faulty equipment that poses a risk of excessive noise exposure to the employee.

Heat Hazards: 

Heat Hazards Exposures to high temperatures can result in health problems such as heat cramps , heat rashes , heat exhaustion , and heat stroke . Heat exhaustion: At high temperatures, the body circulates great amounts of blood to the skin in an effort to eliminate heat through perspiration. As a result, less blood is circulated to the body's vital organs, including the brain. Heat exhaustion can lead to dizziness, blurred vision, nausea, and eventual collapse. If not treated promptly by lowering the person's body temperature, a person suffering from heat exhaustion could suffer brain damage. Even more serious than heat exhaustion is heat stroke . During heat stroke, the body stops sweating, making it impossible to dissipate heat. The body temperature may rise to a dangerously high level in a short time and cause death Potential Hazard Worker exposure to hot kitchen environments. Temperatures can reach 105 to 110 degrees while cooking in front of hot grills. Exposure to excessive heat may lead to heat exhaustion, heat stroke, and possible death.

Safety of Heat Hazards: 

Safety of Heat Hazards Employers have the primary responsibility for protecting the safety and health of their workers. Employees are responsible for following the safe work practices of their employers. Wear cool, comfortable, breathable clothing like cotton. Tell your co-workers if you are not feeling well. Recognize and be able to treat the early symptoms of heat illness. Take a break from the hot environment to allow your body to cool down. Do not drink alcoholic beverages or beverages that contain caffeine while working in hot environments. These beverages make the body lose water and increase the risk of heat illnesses. Drink plenty of water. Observe any safety procedures or wear any protective equipment (such as gloves, mitts, protective aprons) provided for your use while working in hot environments.

PowerPoint Presentation: 

Employers have the primary responsibility for protecting the safety and health of their workers. Employees are responsible for following the safe work practices of their employers. Consider implementing recommended safe work practices, including: Keep cooking areas as cool as possible. Workers get even hotter and more stressed during rush periods in crowded restaurants. Use spot cooling fans, evaporative cooling, air conditioning, general ventilation, and local exhaust ventilation at points of high heat production. Encourage workers to drink plenty of water. Acclimatize , or gradually introduce, employees to hot environments. This allows the body to build up a tolerance to high temperatures. This process usually takes about two weeks.

Excessive Heat Exposure - Symptoms and Treatment: 

Excessive Heat Exposure - Symptoms and Treatment Heat exhaustion symptoms include dizziness, lightheadedness, weakness, blurred vision, and nausea.Treatment : You must lower the employee's body temperature to prevent the progression of symptoms. Immediately remove employee from the hot environment and give cool water to drink. Lay the person on his or her back and raise the legs. If the person is sick to his or her stomach, lay him or her on their side. If the person does not feel better in a few minutes, call for emergency help.

PowerPoint Presentation: 

Heat stroke symptoms include severe headache, mental confusion, loss of consciousness, flushed face, and hot, dry, skin, with no sweating. If someone has stopped sweating, seek emergency medical attention immediately. Treatment : Get emergency medical help. You must try to lower the employee's body temperature while waiting for medical help to arrive. Provide a cool environment, remove excessive clothing, and wet and fan the workers' skin.

Radiation Hazards : 

Radiation Hazards Radiation sensitivity refers to the loss of reproductive capability of the proliferating cells. Regularly proliferating cells are more sensitive. Therefore, stems cells of haemopoietic systems and cells of the gut, skin & testes are highly radiosensitive whereas, cells of nerve and muscles are relatively radio-resistant.

Radiation Safety: 

Radiation Safety Increase the distance between radiation source and personnel Use of protective barriers Use of optimal exposure factors and reduction of unnecessary radiography Use of radiation monitoring devices Consideration for sex and age of the personnel involved

DUST HAZARD: 

DUST HAZARD Silica Severe breathlessness, Bronchitis, Scarred lungs Lung cancer Coal Severe breathlessness. Scarred lungs (coal pneumoconiosis) Asbestos Cancer ( mesothelioma , lung cancer). Scarred lungs

PowerPoint Presentation: 

Synthetic Mineral Fibres Irritants. Fibres made from (SMF) products e.g. ceramic fibres , rockwool and fibreglass , may possibly cause cancer if the fibres are very fine Cotton Severe breathlessness ( bysnossis ) Wood Allergic reaction and or asthma. Nasal cancer Other animal and vegetable dusts Allergic reaction and or asthma. Symptoms include breathlessness, dry cough and sore throat.

Safety : 

Safety Safe machinery and equipment : Dusty work processes should be isolated if possible. An exhaust ventilation system is often needed to suck dust away. Vacuum tools or negative pressure portable tools are often useful. Ordinary household vacuum cleaners don't effectively trap respirable dust particles. You need a vacuum with a HEPA (high efficiency particulate air) filter. Where there is an explosion hazard you need an explosion proof vacuum cleaner. Safe procedures: Standardised working procedures are needed in areas where dust can be a problem. Information and training is important. Warning signs may be needed. Good housekeeping procedures (e.g. vacuuming or wet sweeping dusty work areas) are needed. Respirators: If steps 1 and 2 are not completely effective then an approved respirator is needed. Make sure that (A) it fits properly and is the right kind of respirator (B) training in how to use it is provided and (C) maintenance checks are carried out.

Occupation hazards : 

Have You Ever Been Shocked? THE BASICS Occupation hazards Electrical Hazards

Fundamentals of Electrical Hazards: 

 More than 3 ma painful shock  More than 10 ma muscle contraction “no-let-go” danger  More than 30 ma lung paralysis- usually temporary  More than 50 ma possible ventricular fib. (heart dysfunction ,)  100 ma to 4 amps certain ventricular fibrillation, fatal  Over 4 amps heart paralysis; severe burns. Usually caused by >600 volts Fundamentals of Electrical Hazards

PROTECTION AND PREVENTION4: 

PROTECTION AND PREVENTION 4 Use protective equipment & Use warning labels. Recheck the equipment everyday. Recheck the lines everyday. Overhead electrical wire should have extra care. Proper training to workers. Wear rubber shoes and gloves.

PowerPoint Presentation: 

Causes of Industrial hazards 8 Unsafe Condition Unsafe Acts 2. 1.

Unsafe Condition: 

Unsafe Condition Insufficient workspace. Excessive noise. Slippery or unsafe floor. Extreme temperature exposer. Unstable structure. Electrical problem. Machine malfunctioning or failure.

Unsafe Acts: 

Unsafe Acts Actions or failure to act which result in injury. Employee negligence. Organizational Error.

FINACIAL LOSSES: 

FINACIAL LOSSES Loss of finance -loss of raw material -loss of equipment -loss of production material -loss of carrying cost -loss of production unit

COST PREVENTION: 

COST PREVENTION Determining Significant Hazards at Work. A Guide for Employers. identify incident information, cause analysis, controls, costs and action plans. Preventing Slips/Falls and Loss of Balance in Industrial Workplaces.

PowerPoint Presentation: 

Safety in Pharmaceutical industry

PowerPoint Presentation: 

For estimation of safety aspects , the following steps are : - (1) Source of hazard (2) Type of hazard (3) Control procedure (4) Contingency plan

Sources of Hazard: 

S ources of Hazard Handling of inflammable and combustible raw materials Handling of compressed gases. Handling and processing of toxic substance Handling of corrosive substances Handling of oxidising substances Handling of dust-producing equipment and also dust Handling of boiler

PowerPoint Presentation: 

In pharmaceutical industry the manufacturing control procedures are prescribed as per the provision of Schedule M of the Drugs & Cosmetic . The provisions of Good Manufacturing practices and Good Laboratory Practices are adopted total aspects of the factory i.e. building, plant set-up, personnel, Quality assurance, manufacturing control procedures, documentation etc. which certainly provide safe work environment. Control Procedure

PowerPoint Presentation: 

For ensuring total safe work environment and to prevent accident, the under mentioned control procedures may be adopted. (a) Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) (b) Monitoring (c) Safety Audit (d) Risk Analysis (e) Preventive Maintenance

PowerPoint Presentation: 

(a)Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) :- In the pharma-industry SOP is prepared in more elaborate manner for manufacture of each formulation. The SOP complete in all respects, ensures total safety in Pharmaceutical industry . (b)Monitoring :- It is essential to monitor each & every operation for getting success. Hence all the processes & safety aspects must be monitored.

PowerPoint Presentation: 

(c)Safety Audit :- Audit is an essential step to check the application of systems in true manner. Hence safety audit is to be done at regular interval so as to ensure the following-up of SOP with parameters, critical points, safety aspects and all steps for prevention of accidents. (d)Risk Analysis :- Analysis in systemic manner by considering all aspects covering men, machine, processing, activities, building and all events including hazard due to human error or failure of any of the operation or tool.

PowerPoint Presentation: 

(e)Preventive maintenance :- Several accidents are avoidable by taking precautions and timely maintenance of machineries, building, pipelines etc. So effective maintenance programme will certainly eliminate accident.

PowerPoint Presentation: 

Each industry has to formulate an on-site "Emergency Management Plan“. It should contain in detail the problem, rapid control, action to prevent from further growth, and all control procedures. Five essential step for ensuring accident free as well as safe environment: 1.source of possible hazards 4.preventive measures 2.risk analysis 5.contingency plan 3.control procedures And also documentation. Contingency Plan

PowerPoint Presentation: 

Safety in Industry 5 Safety in Industry Safety means protection of Humans Plants & Machinery Surrounding Environment .

Prevention4: 

Prevention 4 Works management should control major hazard installations by sound engineering and management practices. Good plant design, fabrication and installation, including the use of high-standard components. Regular plant maintenance; Good plant operation; Good management of safety on site; Regular inspection of the installation, with repair and replacement of components where necessary.

Training and Education: 

Training and Education HOW TO DO ? : Identification of all hazards. Assessment of hazard risk level. Determination of reasonable methods to eliminate or control risks. training & information. Emergency provision -first aid, protective gear. Identify foreseeable hazards. Follow standard procedures. SAFETY MEASURES Obtain material safety data sheets. Appropriate labels. Avoid prohibited substances. Carcinogen processes. Employee health surveillance and records

Summary: 

Summary Reduce work related injuries and illnesses Improve morale and productivity Reduce workers’ compensation costs Include these four elements: Management commitment and employee involvement Worksite analysis Hazard prevention and control Safety and health training Effective worker safety and reduces the hazards:

Reference: 

Reference Subrahmanayam C V S, Setty J T. Pharmaceutical Engineering , Vallabh Prakashan,Delhi ,Page no 480-484. Sambamurthy k; “Pharmaceutical Engineering ,New Age International Publishers ,New Delhi ”,Page no 440-449. Meredeth Turshen; “Health and safety alert , Published as OCAW” , Page no 8-149. How to practice GMP by P. P. Sharma. www.openlibrary.org http://www.youthkiawaaz.com/2010/07/industrial-hazards-and-accidents-learning-from-mistakes/ 26 http://www.ilo.org http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fire_safety http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/gaseshazard_safety http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/causes of hazard

PowerPoint Presentation: 

Thank you for attention !