LETTERATURA INGLESE_classi V

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R. Machetti English Romanticism daffodils nature London Industrial revolution imagination

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R. Machetti English Romanticism Historical background 1776: American Declaration of Independence 1789: French Revolution 1811/12 : Luddite Riots ( textile workers attack new mills and machinery ) 1815 : The Duke of Wellington defeats Napoleon at the battle of Waterloo and ends the war begun in 1793 1819: Peterloo Massacre: 15 people killed by the police. They were asking for electoral reforms 1832: The First Rerform Bill extends the right to vote to middle-class men 1837: Queen Victoria comes to the throne

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R. Machetti William Blake Songs of Innocence Songs of Experience Showing the two contrary states of the human soul The lamb The Tyger London

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R. Machetti Innocence Externally: the condition of man in the garden of Eden before the fall. Internally and psychologically: the condition of a child who has not experienced the evils of man and society In the poem The Lamb , the lamb is: A real animal presented in its natural environment A symbol of innocence

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R. Machetti Experience It is the world of adult life The Tyger is both beautiful and terrible The tiger is a symbol of experience London is the place where people live in a world of experience People suffer because they are exploited and the Insitutions do not protect them

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R. Machetti Samuel Taylor Coleridge William Wordsworth 1798: Lyrical Ballads Subject: supernatural persons and charactyers Aim: to give them a semblace of truth How: that willing suspension of disbilief which is poetic faith. Subject: things of every day Aim: to them the charm of novelty How: directing the mind’s attention to the loveliness and wonders of the world The Rime of The Ancient Mariner Composed Upon Westminster Bridge I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud The Solitary Reaper

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R. Machetti Percy Bysshe Shelley Ode to the West Wind (1819) It was conceived after a real experience The Ode is a prayer to the Wind In the first three stanzas the wind is real The Wind is is very powerful The Wind is destroyer and preserver In the last two stanzas the Wind becomes a symbol of: Freedom Personal,spiritual,social change The power of poetic inspiration

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R. Machetti The Victorian Age Historical background 1837: Victoria becomes Queen 1839: The People’s Charter for parliamentary reforms is presented to Parliament and rejected 1845: Famine in Ireland 1841: Great Exhibition of Industry in London 1867: 2nd Reform Act: workers in towns and cities are given the right to vote 1871: Trade Unions are legalized 1876: Queen Victoria is proclaimed Emperess of India 1884: 3rd Reform Act: agricultural labourers are given the right to vote 1893: the Independent Labour Party is founded 1901: Queen Victoria dies

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R. Machetti The Victorian Age Drama Fiction Charles Dickens Emily Bronte Thomas Hardy Oscar Wilde George Bernard Shaw

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R. Machetti Charles Dickens Oliver Twist: 1837-38 Hard Times:1845 THEMES Exploitation of child labour appalling, factual education Unsafe factory conditions Social injustices Unsanitary slums Greediness and selfishness of the rich upper classes Plight of the working class Was Dickens a revolutionary, then ? No ! He always provided a happy end, in other words ……. He provided a fictional solution to real problems

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R. Machetti Emily Bronte Wuthering Heights: 1847 Romantic elements Nature and its relationship with human feelings Supernatural elements Importance of childhood structure Use of two 1st person narrators It opens with the end of the story theme The power of human emotions

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R. Machetti Thomas Hardy Tess of the D’Urbervilles: 1891 Themes Social hypocrisy Ill treatment of women Sexual prejudice Religion is no longer a value Pessimism Fate Conditon of working class women Dissolution of the agrarian society

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R. Machetti Oscar Wilde The Importance of Being Earnest comedy Happy end Three marriages humour mainly verbal but also situational and behavioural Flat characters dandy Structure: introduction, complication, crisis, denoumont Witty language remarks against marriage education values Satire against society

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R. Machetti George Bernard Shaw Mrs.Warren’s Profession Pygmalion Prostitution is a crime created by society Women wouldn’t become prostitutes if they had a chioce Mrs.Warren’s “ honest” sister died of lead poisoning Marrying for money is like prostitution Flat characters: the playwright’s mouthpieces Shaw was a member of the Fabian Society Language as a social marker Importance of education

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R. Machetti Modernism Historical background: the first half of the 20th century 1901: Edward VII, Victoria’s son, succeeds to the throne 1902: Balfour Education Act 1903: Mrs. Pankhurst founds the Suffragette movement to fight for wome’s right to vote 1914-18 First Word War 1916: Easter Rising in Ireland 1921: Home Rule is given to Ireland except Ulster 1926: The Commonwealth 1928: the vote is granted to women 1939: Britain declares war on Hitler’s Germany 1945: End of Second World War

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R. Machetti 20th century novel Man is seen as an isolated identity Man’s thought processes are examined Man’s unconscious impulses are considered The nature of reality is questioned What is significant in life is personal, therefore subjective Freud’s influence New concept of time Inability to communicate effectively loneliness Relationship between loneliness and love becomes one of the main themes

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R. Machetti Modernist Fiction D. H. Lawrence James Joyce Virginia Woolf

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R. Machetti D. H. Lawrence Sons and Lovers Lady Chatterley’s Lover Human passions Psycological and emotional relationship between Paul and his mother Paul’s relationship with Miriam Paul’s relationship with Clara Setting: a miners’ village Authobiographical elements Language: poetic and symbolic Strong opposition to industrial civilization Because …….. It suppresses natural instincts and emotions It has a destructive effect on human relationships

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R. Machetti James Joyce Dubliners Show “ paralysis” Eveline…... Is unable to escape her terrible life Epiphany Ulysses Set in Dublin on 16th June 1904 It is based on trivial details of everyday life.. and the inner life of the characters Parallelism with Homer’s Odyssey Importance of myth related to contemporary experience Language: variety of styles including Interior monologue and stream of consciuosness

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R. Machetti VIRGINIA WOOLF To the Lighthouse The plot is flimsy because what was important were not events in themselves, but... the impression they made on the characters who experienced them The journey to the lighthouse is both an external event and a journey into self awareness Language: complex with extensive use of interior monologue

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R. Machetti good luck