electricity --- for non electrical engineers in construction sites

ElectricityFor Fresh Non-Electrical Engineers of Brigade Group : 

INSTRUCT program for BRIGADE Group Fresh Civil Engineers 1 ElectricityFor Fresh Non-Electrical Engineers of Brigade Group What everyone should know about electricity!

Contents : 

INSTRUCT program for BRIGADE Group Fresh Civil Engineers 2 Contents Electricity is a dependable, sincere, efficient SLAVE-----But a bad MASTER! Development over the years-prolific use Know more about electricity & use Influence of Energy & Environment Perceived needs of different usersLighting, Ventilation & comfort, Tools, Transport, Entertainment. Integrated Approach Influence of Computers & Communication.

Overview : 

INSTRUCT program for BRIGADE Group Fresh Civil Engineers 3 Overview Without electric lighting-work limited to daylight period only No respite from hot weather, ventilation, cooling, heating Communication & Entertainment ----Radio & TV, Telephone Cooking, water heating & a lot of time & energy saving tools Computers, Copiers & Printers, Projectors The modern building – residential or non-residential has a large number of electrical gadgets making work and leisure a pleasure. Construction work sites have also changed over the years & today the first activity at a site is the Electrical Connection. Demand on construction activity – fast completion, quality construction, lower cost. Makes dependency on electricity absolute both in constructed buildings and during construction. Background

What do we EXPECT from Electrical Installation? : 

INSTRUCT program for BRIGADE Group Fresh Civil Engineers 4 What do we EXPECT from Electrical Installation? Engineering View at construction site: Power for the tools Lighting for work beyond daylight hours Security lighting (without which watchman is useless) Visual guidance & safety Need & demand for Energy Efficiency Ease of maintenance Total cost of ownership Hazards from Electricity Shock – temporary disability------------electrocution Fire – Life safety for people & Damage to material Background

Components of Electrical Installations : 

INSTRUCT program for BRIGADE Group Fresh Civil Engineers 5 Components of Electrical Installations Main switchboard Distribution board Cables between different points Outlets — Sockets for small power tools. Switched outlets for large equipment like air compressor, water pumps. Industrial connection points for equipment. Poles, cables, light fittings for security. Sign boards for information Site-Office environment Components

Electrical Installations : 

INSTRUCT program for BRIGADE Group Fresh Civil Engineers 6 Electrical Installations Voltage – Current – Power – Energy Volts (V) – Ampere (A) – Watt (W) – WattHour (kWh) Size & Capacity of switches and cables Earth Leakage Circuit Breakers (ELCB)— Absolutely essential for temporary installtions. Essential for hand held equipment/tools. MCB & MCCB – Switches & Fuses. Upto 5 kVA – 230 V; 5 to 99 kVA – 230/400 V100 kVA & above – 11 KV Transformers & Distribution Panels. Cables – Copper/Aluminum, PVC/XLPE, sheathed/armoured Earthing (Grounding), Earth continuity conductor Systems

Diesel Generating Set : 

INSTRUCT program for BRIGADE Group Fresh Civil Engineers 7 Diesel Generating Set Power from city distribution system is undependable. Tariff for temporary connections is high. DG sets will provide dependable power Associated problems. Availability of two sources of power introduces safety issues. Requires a competant electrician. Could use both – Optimization;City supply for security & DG Set for work. Earthing & System of changeover important. Captive Power

Source of Information : 

INSTRUCT program for BRIGADE Group Fresh Civil Engineers 8 Source of Information National Building Code 2005. Indian Electricity Rules & Act. Supply company regulations. Energy Issues. Energy Conservation Code for Buildings. Fire Protection Tariff Advisory Committee Code. Labour Laws – Health, Safety & Occupational hazards.Workmen Compensation Act. Equipment Manuals NBC 2005

Safe operating procedure : 

INSTRUCT program for BRIGADE Group Fresh Civil Engineers 9 Safe operating procedure Earthing essential for system & equipment. Use 3-core cables for tools and 3-pin plugs and sockets. Color code of cable insulationRed or Brown for LIVE --- gives shock – It is at supply voltage.Black for NEUTRAL – return conductor – normally at zero voltage.Green or Green-yellow for EARTH – reference zero voltage. Double insulated equipment / tools. Can use 2 pin plugs & sockets. Protection Personal protective equipment – PPE – gloves, insulated mat. NEVER Work on LIVE line – Totally avoid work on live line unless it is essential and you know the system thorougly and know what you are doing and the risks involved.Let there be another competant person there. Equipment Manuals Study in full before use. If in doubt ASK. Don’t take risk. Wet & humid conditions increase danger of shock. Safety first

ELECTRICALSAFETYIN CONSTRUCTION : 

ELECTRICALSAFETYIN CONSTRUCTION Environment, Health And Safety

The Times Of IndiaMarch 9, 2007, Page 3 : 

The Times Of IndiaMarch 9, 2007, Page 3 Page 3 has become popular for the society & fashion info

Safe DISTANCES : 

Safe DISTANCES Safety first

ELECTRICALSAFETYIN CONSTRUCTION : 

ELECTRICALSAFETYIN CONSTRUCTION NATIONAL SAFETY DAY 2007 Environment, Health And Safety

Electrical Safety : 

Electrical Safety Electrical Shock Fire originating from Electricity Due to motion powered by Electricity, (tools) Environmental safety influence: Lighting, Signs, Detection Shock Fire Motive Power Environment

Construction Work : 

Construction Work Labour Intensive, Majority Unskilled More widespread than manufacturing industry Relatively Unregulated, Unorganised, Less concern for workmen safety Lack of training and enforcement or rules & regulations Floating or constantly changing work place, even within the same project

Safety from Electrical Shock : 

Safety from Electrical Shock Causes of Shock, Contact, Leakage, Fault Wiring regulations not followed, terminations, joints, undersized, wrong type of insulation Temporary Installations, defective & aged equipment

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contact with overhead powerlines: Stay on equipment. Don't touch equipment and ground at the same time. Keep others away. Warn everyone not to touch the equipment or its load. Break contact. If possible, break contact by moving the equipment clear of the wires. Call local utility. Jump clear..

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A tower crane was lowering a concrete bucket to be filled by a truck. The wind blew the hoist line and bucket into overhead powerlines. A worker trying to pull the bucket back was electrocuted.

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A worker was changing the bulb in a light fixture that had been incorrectly wired (polarity was reversed). He inadvertently touched the metal base of the bulb while it was in contact with the socket. He received a severe shock and later died in hospital

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A worker was painting a building from a boom-type powered elevating work platform. He backed up without checking how close he was to a powerline. The machine touched the line.

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A driver raised the box on his dump truck to spread gravel under a powerline. When the box contacted the line, he got out of the cab to see what had happened. His foot touched the ground while his hand was still holding the door. He was electrocuted instantly

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Eavestrough installer carrying aluminum ladder was electrocuted when it touched powerline. Worker involved in residential demolition working from ladder contacted powerline. Worker using boom truck to install hydro pole anchors contacted overhead wires. Worker moving aluminum ladder contacted overhead powerline.

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Mild Shock 3mA Trip setting for ground faultcircuit interrupter 30mA Muscle ContractionsVictim cannot let go 100mA Severe ShockBreathing difficult – possible >300mArespiratory arrest Heart Stops pumping >1 A Increasing probability of death Enough current to lighta 100-watt bulb Electric ShockThe effect of electric shock on the human body is determined by three main factors: how much current is flowing through the body (measured in amperes and determined by voltage and resistance) the path of current through the body and 3. how long the body is in the circuit. Current & Duration combined have the effect, Also depends on the part of the body thro which the current has flown.

Electricity & Fire originating from electricity : 

Electricity & Fire originating from electricity Common causes: To cause a fire just about 40 watts+waste is sufficient. Bad or undersized wiring or Overload. No fuse or circuit breaker. Damaged or aged insulation or Internally broken conductor due to repeated bending and use of twisted joints & multi sockets+wrong plug. What is needed: Earth leakage circuit breaker, Proper wiring & its timely replacement. Proper sockets & plugs.

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Problems of Temporary Electrical Installations : 

Problems of Temporary Electrical Installations Controls & Wiring exposed to Vehicle movement, Material movement Relocation & additions as work progresses No standard method of assessment of deterioration due to abrasion, mechanical loads, dust, water Power generation at work site Problems arise out of availability of more than one source Hoists, site transportation – horizontal & vertical. Nuisance tripping of Earth leakage circuit breakers Temporary Zone 0, Zone 1 conditions from activity

Problems of Temporary Electrical Installations : 

Problems of Temporary Electrical Installations Grounding or Earthing Proper earthing is essential for electrical safety Condition in construction sites require frequent changes Major tools & particularly hand tools depend on earthing for protection by sensing leakage Flexible cords Are a necessity for operation of tools Codes recommend limiting length of cord. Should be discarded after prescribed period of use, unless a proven laboratory test is performed at intervals Temporary Zone 0, Zone 1 conditions from activity

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Safety of Electrical Workmen in Construction : 

Absence of or ignoring standard operating procedures for fault rectification Trying to work without shut down in the interest of productivity Bypassing protection devices Non declaration of AUTHORISED person Site communication system & integration Non compliance to use of safety gloves, tools etc., Lack of documentation of installations & associated precautions, both Management & Employee. Safety of Electrical Workmen in Construction

Status: : 

Status: 26% E&M out of total of 165 accidents per 1000 workers!!! Construction employs 10 million people; 73% unskilled!!! Construction safety - technical subject. Labour commissioner non-technical; Factory & Boilers - Technical Large number of construction sites & governments not interested in increasing manpower. Self regulation by industry is necessary, as has been expressed. Example: Changes in contract forms – One-sided Legacy to FIDIC or CIDC Similar changes can be brought by industry with acceptability by government. Regulation or rules necessary from government for keeping a level equitable platform among different players. WTO (India signed in 2006) may also come into play. Vague, but logic based restrictions have come from time to time

Reaction to New Rules : 

Reaction to New Rules Wrong to say Contractors &Builder not interested in safety & welfare of workers. Cost of Accidents ---loss of work, reputation. Loss of worker morale & reduced productivity. Today there is shortage of labour – (attrition ?) Expectations Should not become inspector raj. Effective delivery of the committed objective. Worker migratory problems are multi-dimensional Geographic, Trade vise, seasonal. Essential – training & certification, skill upgradation should all be linked to give status. Enforcement by self assessment

Provisions in NBC 2005 : 

Provisions in NBC 2005 NBC 2005 has a comprehensive coverage Electrical Safety & Overall Safety Electricity rules require licensed workmen. Related safety aspects are protection from Noise, Pollution, Excavation, Compressed air systems Fire protection in high rise under construction

Construction Industry & Manufacturing Industry : 

Construction Industry & Manufacturing Industry Factory practices should be adopted in construction sites also Marked passages for workers & equipment. Proper marking of electrical outlets, layout, protection scheme, power limitations in circuits. Electrical equipment for construction sites to be of better standards than those for permanent installations.

Training, Bill Boards : 

Training, Bill Boards Site information publicity – formal & informal – push information World wide Best Practices modified to suit Indian Conditions & Culture. Notices, Barrier tapes, Vulnerable are notices, Posters Encourage & Awards, Celebrate every successful safe week.

Staff Views Program : 

Staff Views Program Give employees freedom to speak out their fears & overconfidence Train to correct perceptions Unskilled labor from agricultural sector to be given brief training in handling electrical tools & to respect instructions Energy Efficiency, Automationare today affordable & cost effective in many large construction sites Quality, Certification, Opportunity

Are the benefit Measurable? : 

INSTRUCT program for BRIGADE Group Fresh Civil Engineers 37 Are the benefit Measurable? Energy conservation& Carbon emission considerations guide most of our decisions related to electricity. With Energy & Environment in prime focus, optimum balance in the use of energy and type of energy are important for Economy. Remember EEE. Energy is one of the expensive input resource in a construction project and also in the operational expense of a building. Initial errors can rarely be corrected. Ease of Maintenance. Safety enhances productivity, morale. Security requirements are also an important aspect for any construction site or a building complex. Integrated design is recommended by the National Building Code 2005 and integrated approach brings in rich dividends. Energy Conservation Code 2007 applies to all consumers of more than 500KW and will be mandatory from next year. Cost Effective Electrical installations hold the key to many problems at construction sites. Safe operating procedures will make for enjoying the benefits of electricity as a dependable slave.

Review Codes, Standards, SOP : 

INSTRUCT program for BRIGADE Group Fresh Civil Engineers 38 Review Codes, Standards, SOP Present codes & standards were drafted when energy & environment were non critical. Now all consumers of more than 500KW are to follow energy conservation norms. Collect feedback on Visibility & Safety aspects . Problems in the event of design change. Energy requirements keep increasing. Control it. Maintenance should be regular and systematic. Give good lighting where people require it. Safety of personnel is most important. Make electricity your friend & achieve success with high productivity, good quality. Summary Educate & reorient key professionals. Educate stake holders on long term & hidden benefits. Get the standards & codes identify public good and make mandatory provisions instead of loose recommendations. A good installation will help progress of work and create

BUILD GOOD INSTALLATIONS WITH LESS ENERGY & LEAST IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT : 

INSTRUCT program for BRIGADE Group Fresh Civil Engineers 39 BUILD GOOD INSTALLATIONS WITH LESS ENERGY & LEAST IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT Thank You