Unit 2 Lesson 4

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Unit 2, Lesson 4: 

Unit 2, Lesson 4 Faulting and Folding

Stress: 

Stress Stress is a force that pushes or pulls on the Earth’s crust. As the rocks of the crust undergo stress, they slowly change shape and volume. They also move up or down or sideways.

Deformation: 

Deformation The breaking, tilting and folding of rocks. Three types Compression Tension Shearing

Compression: 

Compression Squeezes the rocks of the crust Moves rocks closer together, making them denser and smaller in volume

Tension: 

Tension Pulls on the rocks of the crust, causing them to stretch out over a larger area

Shearing: 

Shearing Pushes rocks of the crust in two opposite directions

Fault: 

Fault A break or crack along which rocks move The block of rock above the fault is the hanging wall The block of rock below the fault is the foot wall

Normal Fault: 

Normal Fault If tension is acting on a fault, the hanging wall will move down relative to the foot wall.

Reverse Fault: 

Reverse Fault If compression is acting on a fault, the hanging wall will move up relative to the foot wall.

Thrust Fault: 

Thrust Fault When compression causes the hanging wall to slide over the foot wall.

Lateral / Strike-Slip Fault: 

Lateral / Strike-Slip Fault One block moves to the left or right in relation to the other block

Folds: 

Folds Sometimes when stress is applied to the rocks of the crust, the rocks bend but do not break An upward fold is called an anticline A downward fold is called a syncline