Classification Power Point

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The Classification ofLiving Things

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Common basis for communication about different groups of living things. Human attempt to make sense of the tremendous diversity of the living world. Imply evolutionary relationships (= phylogeny). Classification (Taxonomy) & Nomenclature (Naming) Reasons for Classification

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Carl von Linne Carolus Linnaeus 1707-1765 Liked Latin so much he Changed his name to Latin. Classification

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A species is identified by both its genus name and species name.Example: Zea mays (corn) Zea = genus name (The first letter of the genus is always capitalized!)mays = species name Binomial Nomenclature Without a scientific name, if you asked for corn in Asia, they may translate it to beans!! Scientific names are very specific!!!

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Classification

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Example of Coral Classification The Mushroom CoralFungia scutaria Phylum Cnidaria Class Anthozoa Order Scleractinia Family Fungiidae Genus Fungia Species scutaria

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Bears Ursus arctos Alaskan Brown Bear Ursus maritimus Polar Bear Ursus americanus American Black Bear Lobsters Homarus americanus Atlantic Clawed Lobster Panulirus marginatus White-Margined Hawaiian Spiny Lobster Panulirus penicellatus Green Hawaiian Spiny Lobster Cats Felis domesticus House Cat Puma concolor Mountain Lion Panthera leo Lion Examples of Scientific Names for Selected Species

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Five Kingdoms of Life

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Cell Structure Prokaryote versus Eukaryote Cell Wall Present or Absent Cell Wall Chemistry Presence or Absence of other OrganellesCellularity Unicellular versus Multicellular Level of Organization of Cells into Tissues Major Characterisitics Used to Classify Organisms into Kingdoms

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Prokaryotic, single-celled organisms. Some with cell walls, but cell walls composed of peptidoglycan, not cellulose (as in higher plants). Includes heterotrophic eubacteria, cyanobacteria, and archaeobacteria. Kingdom Monera

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Kingdom Monera

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Heterotrophic Eubacteria Kingdom Monera

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Cyanobacteria Kingdom Monera

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Eukaryotic, generally single-celled, organisms. If multicellular, then cells are not well-organized into tissues and organs (more colonies of cells). A very heterogeneous group include both heterotrophic and photoautotrophic forms. Includes protozoa (e.g., Paramecium, Amoeba,) and algae (e.g., diatoms, dinoflagellates, Volvox, & most seaweed groups). Kingdom Protista

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Amoeba Stentor Vorticella Paramecium Kingdom Protista: Protozoa/Animal-Like

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Kingdom Protista: Algae/Plant-Like diatoms dinoflagellates volvox spirogyra

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Kingdom Protista: Fungus-Like Water Molds Slime Molds Downy Mildews

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Eukaryotic, generally multicellular, organisms (a few species, e.g., yeast are unicellular). Heterotrophic, saprophytic (absorptive) nutrition. Most with cell walls (usually composed of chitin) and complex life histories. Includes molds, yeasts, rusts, and mushrooms. Kingdom Fungi

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Kingdom Fungi

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Eukaryotic, multicellular organisms with cells organized into distinct tissues. Photoautotrophic nutrition. Most adapted for a terrestrial existence and possessing vascular tissues. Cells with chloroplasts and cellulose cell walls. Includes mosses, ferns, pine trees, cycads, ginkgos, and flowering plants. Kingdom Plantae

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Kingdom Plantae

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Eukaryotic, multicellular organisms with cells organized into distinct tissues. Heterotrophic, ingestive nutrition. Most exhibit significant capacity for locomotion. Cells not surrounded by cell walls. Includes sponges, sea anemones, snails, insects, sea stars, fish, reptiles, birds, and human beings. Kingdom Animalia

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Kingdom Animalia: Invertebrates

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Kingdom Animalia: Vertebrates