Respiratory System

GCSE PE The respiratory system:

GCSE PE The respiratory system Unit 1.2 Your healthy, active body

What do I need to know?:

What do I need to know? The structure and mechanics of the respiratory system The difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration and the link to lactic acid and oxygen debt The effects of regular exercise and the long term benefits of physical activity on the respiratory system Explain the effects of drugs (smoking/nicotine) on the respiratory system

Structure:

Structure Nasal Cavity Epiglottis Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Lung Diaphragm

Structure within the lungs:

Structure within the lungs Bronchioles Alveoli

Mechanics of Breathing:

Mechanics of Breathing

Mechanics of Breathing:

Mechanics of Breathing Inspiration Diaphragm contracts downwards to increase space in rib cage Intercostal muscles between ribs contract to lift the rib cage upwards and outwards This decreases pressure in the lungs causing air to rush in filling the lungs like balloons Expiration Diaphragm relaxes lifting back up into the chest cavity Intercostal muscles relax lowering and contracting the rib cage This causes pressure in the chest cavity to increase pushing the air out again.

Gaseous Exchange:

Gaseous Exchange

Gaseous Exchange:

Gaseous Exchange We breathe in (inspiration) 21% oxygen and 0.03% carbon dioxide We breathe out (expiration) 17% oxygen and 4% carbon dioxide This difference is because during normal breathing (aerobic respiration) oxygen is used to help us create energy. Oxygen breathed in enters the alveoli and is then diffused across the capillary walls into the blood stream Carbon dioxide (a waste product of the energy making process) in the blood is diffused across the blood vessel wall into the alveoli

Lung Volumes:

Lung Volumes Tidal Volume Vital Capacity Total amount of air inspired and expired in one normal breath Maximum amount of air that can be expired after maximum inspiration

Aerobic vs Anaerobic:

Aerobic vs Anaerobic Aerobic = making energy in presence of oxygen Used for normal everyday energy production Within sport used to make energy in low intensity activity below 80% Maximum Heart Rate Jogging, cycling, etc Anaerobic = making energy in absence of oxygen Used for high intensity or all out effort Sprinting, throwing, hitting

Lactic Acid:

Lactic Acid Lactic Acid Lactic acid is a toxic chemical that causes muscles to cramp and burn Produced as a waste product of anaerobic respiration During sustained aerobic exercise the body moves between aerobic and anaerobic systems when it is running out of stored energy or needs a sudden burst of energy. Therefore during most sports there is a build up of this chemical in the muscles This needs to be removed by using oxygen to convert the lactic acid back into oxygen carbon dioxide and water. The amount of extra oxygen required to remove this lactic acid is called the oxygen debt, This is why after making a sudden run you see footballers still breathing heavily while only walking/jogging back into position If this is not removed it will cause performance levels to drop

Immediate Effects of exercise:

Immediate Effects of exercise When you start running what do you expect to see happen to your heart rate? Big increase in heart rate and breathing to start getting more oxygen to working muscles to increase aerobic respiration What would happen to your heart rate then if you were doing sit ups? Does not need large amounts of muscle working so therefore does not need such a big increase in heart rate to supply oxygen. Why would a professional athlete have lower heart rates?

Effects of training on respiratory system:

Effects of training on respiratory system Increased number of alveoli Increased strength of diaphragm Increased strength of intercostal muscles All this leads to an increased tidal volume The long term health benefits of this are: more efficient use of oxygen to create energy

Effects of Smoking:

Effects of Smoking

Effects of smoking on Respiratory System:

Effects of smoking on Respiratory System Lung Disease Lung Cancer Respiratory Diseases Less red blood cells to transport oxygen to muscles Reduced athletic performance