U4 Presentation 2

Struggle for Civil Rights in America : 

Struggle for Civil Rights in America Unit 4 Presentation #2

Chapter One – Reconstruction : 

Chapter One – Reconstruction Civil War: The war in the United States between the _______ and the ____________ from ____________. It was fought largely over the use of slaves by the Confederacy, but that issue was tied primarily to the economic social disparity. ________________: The period (1865-?) during which the states of the Confederacy were controlled by the federal government before being readmitted to the Union. Lincoln and his new Republican Party dominated the federal government at the time. Union Confederacy 1861 to 1865 Reconstruction After Lincoln's assassination the __________________ruled. Radical Republicans

Laws vs. Mores : 

Laws vs. Mores _______________: Abolished slavery within the United States. This made things right on paper, but changing the hearts and minds of the people is a bigger challenge. Black Codes/___________ Rent land only in rural areas. Sign employment contracts each January for the coming year. The right to sue in court Thirteenth Amendment Keeps them on or near the plantations If fired they would be arrested for vagrancy. Courts were filled with whitejudges and white juries Literacy Tests, Grandfather Clauses, and Poll Taxes keep blacks from ever getting a foothold politically. Jim Crow Laws

Fourteenth & Fifteenth Amendment : 

Fourteenth & Fifteenth Amendment _________________: Made all persons born or naturalized within the United States citizens of the United States and nationalized the Bill of Rights. (two important clauses) _____________________: Cannot deny any citizen the right to vote because of their race, color, or creed. Now African Americans voted. The right to vote gave them the political power they needed to protect their own rights. Due Process Clause Equal Protection Clause Bottom up legislation vs. Top down legislation? Fourteenth Amendment Fifteenth Amendment

The Politics of the Situation : 

The Politics of the Situation Civil Rights Act of 1866 was passed to help secure some of the rights that were being violated. The bill was passed over President ________________ veto. Most of the Justices in the Supreme Court refused to give complaints any credit. What are the politics of the situation? Why would Andrew Johnson, a Republican, not want to pass the Civil Rights Act? Other than humanitarian reasons why would the Radical Republicans want the Act passed? Racist or a statesmen? Andrew Johnson’s

Brown Overturns Plessy! : 

Brown Overturns Plessy! Reconstruction in America ended around 1877. Many Southern states immediately went to work trying to pass more laws to block Blacks from gaining political power. In 1896 the Supreme Court upheld the “separate but equal” laws under ________________. In 1954 the Supreme Court overruled Plessy with ________________________. Brown v. the Board of Education Plessy v. Ferguson. Slavery had accustomed Southerners to seeing blacks as inferior; this notion would take generations to eradicate. Why? Jim Crow Laws continued until the 1960’s. Why?

Ku Klux Klan : 

Ku Klux Klan Some of these laws where sanctioned by the courts, others where kept in place through fear tactics and terrorism. Groups like the Ku Klux Klan worked to terrorize, threaten, and lynch both the blacks and whites that worked to fight against these laws. AKA ___________. Why aren’t there as many of these groups around today? Vigilantly Groups Societal Norms (Folkways, Mores)

Judge Learned Hand : 

Judge Learned Hand “I often wonder whether we do not rest our hopes too much upon constitutions, upon laws and upon courts. “These are false hopes; believe me, these are false hopes. Liberty lies in the hearts of men and women; when it dies there, no constitution, no law, no court can ever do much to help it. While it lies there it needs no constitution, no law, no court to save it”. What three Supreme Court cases could he use as examples of courts stumbling in their duties to uphold civil rights? Dred Scott, Korematsu, Plessy

So, according to Judge Hand who is the principal guardians of your civil rights? : 

So, according to Judge Hand who is the principal guardians of your civil rights?

Where Are We Today? : 

Where Are We Today? 146 years have passed since Gettysburg. 120 years have passed since the end of Reconstruction. 50 years have passed since Brown v. Board of Education. Where are we today? Some Americans believe that the civil rights movement has gone to far. People now are confused about what are rights what are their responsibilities That people have become dependent of the government and have a harder time fending for themselves. Welfare Reform Act of 1996 addressed this issue directly. Others think that too many groups in the United States still face discrimination. They think it would be a mistake to abandon protections that they believe have worked well. Pay equality, racial profiling, glass ceilings and general economic disparity all prove that government must still play a large role or people will get left behind. . .

Chapter Two - Civil Rights Movement of the 1960’s : 

Chapter Two - Civil Rights Movement of the 1960’s The 1960’s set off what is now referred to as Civil Rights Movement of the 1960’s. Student Movements Registration drives Vietnam War protests The hippies and the counter-culture movement organized Summer of Love in San Francisco in 1967 and the Woodstock Festival in 1969. Kent State Shooting of 1970

Assassinations & Chaos : 

Assassinations & Chaos The assassinations of 3 prominent civil rights leaders. John F. Kennedy (D) 1963 Robert F. Kennedy (D) 1968 Martin Luther King 1968 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago is an example of the political chaos that threatened and influenced our country in the 1960’s Civil Rights Movement.

Civil Rights Act of 1964 : 

Civil Rights Act of 1964 Civil Rights Act of 1964: Prohibited discrimination in public accommodations such as restaurants and hotels. President Johnson or ___ (D) signed the act into law. This law established ______________ power as watchdogs over discrimination by employers and unions. This commission is called the … federal government Equal Employment Opportunity Commission or EEOC “I shall not seek, and I will not accept, the nomination of my party for another term as your President”. - L. Johnson LBJ

Affirmative Action – The Fix? : 

Affirmative Action – The Fix? _____________: Trying to match the racial and gender composition of the workplace or school with that of society as a whole. Why? Affirmative Action Reparations Diversity Role Models ____________________ Many Americans believe that affirmative action can lead to racial quotas and discriminations against white males and the erosion of our ____________ Reverse discrimination: Regardless of overt principles, people already in positions of power will be likely to hire people they already knew, and/or people from similar backgrounds meritocracy.

Referendum or Representatives? : 

Referendum or Representatives? Pure Democracy vs. Representative Democracy Referendum: a direct vote in which an entire electorate (voters) is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal Proposition 209 for example: In 1996, California voters approved an initiative called Proposition that barred the state from discriminating against, or granting "preferential treatment to, any individual or group on the basis of race, sex, color, ethnicity, or national origin in the operation of public employment, public education.” Supporters, think that minorities should be judged solely on their merits when applying for admission to top programs. At the University of California at Los Angeles Law School, for example, only 21 black students were admitted in 1997-down from 104 in 1996

Discrimination and Women : 

Discrimination and Women Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony were two of the principal leaders who led the effort to secure Women's suffrage in the United States. Most people still believe that there are inequities between men and women in the workplace today. Specifically Glass ceilings & Pay equity issues. Affirmative Action has done great things to accelerate diversity, but most American voters think more needs to be done on several fronts.

Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) : 

Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) The proposed ___________________ states “Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of Sex”. Opponents of the women's movement thought that the ERA would challenge traditional gender roles and disrupt the “family unit”. The majority maintained that the ERA was unnecessary because women's rights were already protected under the 14th Amendment. They believed if passed fundamental family values would be lost. Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) Although brought before the legislators several times the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) was never ratified.

American with Disabilities Act (ADA) : 

American with Disabilities Act (ADA) In _____ the American with Disabilities Act (_____) was passed. It protects people with physical and mental disabilities by… Pushing for wider doors in public buildings Building convenient parking spots Creating more accommodating communication services in the television and telephone industries. Publishing information in Braille 1990 ADA

Institutionalized Discrimination : 

Institutionalized Discrimination The “Third Chapter” in Civil Rights. Who else do we discriminate against? Is there problems with these current practices we follow? Immigration policies Racial Profiling Tax collection (Property taxes used for school funding) Mandatory minimums Institutionalized Discrimination or discrimination that is woven into the fabric laws and the institutions of our society. That would still exist even if everyone understood the damage that discrimination can do. These need to be recognized and the laws or practices need to be changed.

Review : 

Review Review John Locke, Ancient Greeks, Founding Fathers The Individual, Civil Rights, Inalienable rights, Natural Rights, Social Contract Declaration of Independence, US Constitution, Bill of Rights Three Branches of Government –(Preamble, 7 Articles, Bill of Rights) Democrats AND Republicans Conservative AND Liberal Power Corrupts

The Management of our Civil Rights : 

The Management of our Civil Rights Locally“Freedom to Act” Centrally“Freedom fromWant” Civil RightsHuman Individual Unalienable Inalienable Natural People work better as Individuals Thomas Jefferson Ancient Greeks – Aristotle etc. Conservative Federalists “Left of Center” Republicans

Separation of Powers : 

Separation of Powers Can Veto Bills Can Override Veto Nominates Judges for Federal Courts Can Rule Acts Unconstitutional Can rule Laws Unconstitutional Approves Judges for Federal Benches Legislative (Initiates Laws) Executive (Enforces Laws) Judicial (interpret Laws)