U2 PPT #1- Divided Government

Divided Government? : 

3/4/2008 Divided Government? U2 Presentation #1 Sovereignty Precedent ? States Rights v. Federal Control Nationalism v. Sectionalism Election 2008

Democracy on the Rise : 

Democracy on the Rise Since the “Fall of the Berlin Wall” and the “Fall of the Iron Curtain” democracies have been popping up all of the globe. World politics after the Second World War was largely decided by two superpowers . They called this era the “Cold War”. With the Fall of the Wall and the collapse of the ____________________ only one “superpower” survives. How does that affect world politics? Soviet Union/iron curtain

Our Democracy : 

3/4/2008 Our Democracy __________________: A system of government that delegates certain powers to the _______________________ and certain powers to the local/state governments. It is a combination of a Unitary and the Confederation. ___________: A system of government in which sovereign states delegate power to a central government for specific purposes. Been there, done that under the ____________________. Unitary: A system of government in which a central government acts directly on the citizens. (Britain's government is more inline with this system.) Confederation Federal Government national/central government Articles of Confederation “Don’t Tread On Me”

McCulloch v. Maryland? : 

3/4/2008 McCulloch v. Maryland? To where did we give most of our sovereignty? This question has been asked ever since the ratification of the Constitution. The Supreme Court case answered the question for a while at least in 1819. It involved a Federal ______created by the Federal government in the state of Maryland. The bank was very unpopular in the southern states because they believed its policies favored wealthy shippers and merchants. The south’s economy was based on ___________. They believed that the bank would favor the __________ over the farmers. In retaliation the state of Maryland ________________on the Federal bank that did not apply to any other state banks. bank Agriculture aristocrats levied a heavy tax

Precedent? : 

3/4/2008 Precedent? A ____________ is something done or said that may serve as an example or rule to authorize or justify a subsequent act, especially as it pertains to our legal system. In the case of McCulloch v. Maryland the precedent that would be set would involve laws concerning ___________. States’ rights precedent

Supreme Law of the Land : 

Supreme Law of the Land The Supreme Court determines their decisions based the supreme law of the land. AKA ___________. Clauses cited in the McCulloch US Constitution The Necessary and Proper Clause The “necessary and proper” clause was ___________ to read Congress can do anything “necessary and proper” to secure a strong economy/country. The Supremacy Clause The Chief Justice, ________ interpreted the Constitution to mean that when a state law conflicts with a constitutional federal law, the federal law must be obeyed. Marshall interpreted

Chief Justice John Marshall : 

Chief Justice John Marshall Chief Justice ___________ ruled that because the Federal Constitution gained its authority directly from all the ____________________ that the Federal government is superior to the state governments. ? Marshall said, Maryland’s attempt to tax the federal bank was ruled illegal since the “power to tax involves the power to destroy”. John Marshall citizens of the United States Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court is the most powerful justice of the _____ justices on the court. Our current Chief Justice is John Roberts. nine

Reoccurring American Themes : 

3/4/2008 Reoccurring American Themes Articles of Confederation Shays Rebellion Bill of Rights Whiskey Rebellion National Bank/Economic system Alien & Sedition Act and 1800 Election McCulloch v. Maryland Civil War All these historical situations have what in common? Answer: Indecision over where to give up our sovereignty. ?

States Rights v. Federal Control : 

3/4/2008 States Rights v. Federal Control States Rights? Local Taxes Education Environment Roads and Parks Federal Control? Federal Taxes Military Civil Rights Economic decisions States' rights remains a hotly-debated topic to this day. What issues are we debating about today? Abortion, death penalty, assisted suicide, gay marriage, legalize medical marijuana and many more issues have been debated in recent years.

Growing and Dividing 1820-1860 : 

3/4/2008 Growing and Dividing 1820-1860 In The War of 1812 Americans won a lot of respect around the world. With this new found confidence, the prospect of peace, prosperity and social progress opened before the nation. The Monroe Doctrine in 1823 was named after the president ____________ it worked to give oomph to nationalism because it took a strong stand on foreign policy issues. Specifically… James Monroe Any attempt by European nations to extend political systems in the Western Hemisphere -“Our” Hemisphere - that were other then representative democracies would be looked at as a threat against the U.S. U.S. would stay out of European affairs if Europeans stayed out of the U.S. affairs. Staging and posturing as a world power working to keep other nations off “our lawn!”. ?

Sectionalism v. Nationalism ? : 

3/4/2008 Sectionalism v. Nationalism ? _____________ Devotion to the interests or culture of one's nation. People holding this position primarily wanted power to be maintain at the _______ level. ___________ Devotion to local interests and customs. The people holding this position primarily wanted power to remain with the _______. states Federal Sectionalism Nationalism Although America was getting their game on with the world they still didn’t agree on the issues of sovereignty inside its boarders.

The Politics of Pre-Civil War : 

3/4/2008 The Politics of Pre-Civil War 1789-1861 the population of the United States increased from 4 million to around 30 million. Twenty-one new states joined the Union. The mood of the country was changing. The “politics” of the country was changing. The “Jeffersonian Democracy” was being drowned out by the new empowered “Jacksonian” ___________. Debate over Federalism ensued. Citizens thought they should have a greater voice in governing. The economy was beginning to take off. Middle Class The country was growing, maybe too fast “growing pains” began to adversely affect the country.

Fight Over Representation : 

3/4/2008 Fight Over Representation The Great Compromise As long as each side had equal representation in Senate, compromises kept people happy and the country ran smoothly. However, with the accusation of the lands obtained in the ________________ and the ___________ things began to get complicated. Why? Louisiana Purchase Mexican War Growing Pains

A National Basketball Game? : 

3/4/2008 A National Basketball Game? Each time a new state entered the union 2 more Senators would go to the Senate. So what ?

A “House” Divided : 

3/4/2008 A “House” Divided The North Industrial economy Nationalist 2/3rd of population. Progressive United States of America The South Agricultural economy Sectionalist 1/3rd of population Conservative Confederate States of America

The “Fixes”, NOT ? : 

3/4/2008 The “Fixes”, NOT ? Missouri Compromise: (1818) How can Missouri and Maine become part of the Union without disrupting the balance of power in the senate? Compromise of 1850: Again, after the Mexican War Texas and several other territories wanted to become states. Again the issue of representation became an issue. 3/4/2008 Popular Sovereignty The outcome: The southern boarder of Missouri became the line that separated free states from slave states. With the exception of Missouri. The outcome: This compromise admitted California as a free state and set up territorial governments in the remainder. The territorial governments where given authority to decide for themselves whether to permit slavery or not. They called this __________________. Fugitive Slave Law was the quid pro quo.

“A House Divided Can not be Saved”? : 

3/4/2008 “A House Divided Can not be Saved”? Lincoln gave his “House Divided” speech in 1858 while running for the US Senate against ________________. The speech warned of the dangers of disunion if the country did not reconcile the issue of Slavery. Other leaders also spoke the evils of Slavery . They used nonviolent methods in hopes of for going the almost inevitable war on the horizon. Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson were called Transcendentalists. Others working peacefully to bring about change called themselves_______________. Stephen Douglas Future leaders like Martin Luther King, Gandhi ,and Nelson Mandela successfully used the same strategies of nonviolent action to fight for civil rights. Abolitionists.

1) Bleeding Kansas (1854-1858) : 

3/4/2008 1) Bleeding Kansas (1854-1858) The Raid on Lawrence A band of “Border Ruffians” crossed the border from Missouri and attacked the “Free-Soilers” of Lawrence, Kansas. Looted and burned buildings. Only one person killed. Pottawatomie Creek Massacre In retaliation John Brown and his sons executed five men with a scythe at Pottawatomie Creek. John Brown’s raids continued on until ___________. Harper’s Ferry Harper’s Ferry Armory in West Virginia was where John Brown launched his failed attempt to start a “Slave Revolt”. Brown first wanted to steal the 100,000 guns at the armory and give them to the local slaves to start a grass roots war. Whether he would of fought offensively or defensively in his attempt to free the slaves is still up to some debate.

2) Dred Scott Decision : 

3/4/2008 2) Dred Scott Decision Dred Scott was taken to a free state, and later brought back to Missouri, a slave state. In 1846 Scott sued the man who “owned” him on the grounds that he believed he should be considered free because he resided in free territory. The Supreme Court thought otherwise. The Chief Justice ruled that Blacks could not be considered US citizens, only citizens of individual states. Slaves were defined as property.

3) Uncle Tom’s Cabin : 

3/4/2008 3) Uncle Tom’s Cabin __________________was the author of the famous antislavery novel that was published serially in a newspaper in 1851 and then as a book, play and movie. It was widely read in the United States and abroad and moved many to join the cause of ________. Uncle Tom was the slave. Simon Legree was the slave owner who killed Uncle Tom at the end of the book. Harriet Beecher Stowe abolition

Two Causes of the Civil War? : 

3/4/2008 Two Causes of the Civil War? States Rights/Federal Control All the examples we have talked about since day one. Slavery in America Cotton Gin expanded slavery. Cotton capital of the world. Slavery worse then other civilizations Dehumanization Worth fighting for?

Stereotypes to Fuel the War? : 

3/4/2008 Stereotypes to Fuel the War? John Brown became the symbol of the oppressive Federal government of the North. Simon Legree became the symbol of the greedy heartless Plantation owner of the South.