Technology Inventions - 1

Technology Inventions Part – I (inventions up to 18th century): 

Technology Inventions Part – I (inventions up to 18 th century)

PowerPoint Presentation: 

Technology is a gift of God. After the gift of life it is perhaps the greatest of God's gifts. It is the mother of civilizations, of arts and of sciences. - Freeman Dyson TECHNOLOGY

EARLY INVENTIONS: 

EARLY INVENTIONS It is believed that Human prehistory begins in " Early Stone Age “ (between 8000 and 5000 BCE). The development of cities was synonymous with the rise of civilization.

EARLY INVENTIONS: 

EARLY INVENTIONS From ancient civilizations until now, there have been many inventions, discoveries, and development of technologies. Many different cultures have had significant impacts upon technological advances.

BRONZE AGE TOOLS: 

BRONZE AGE TOOLS STONE AGE TOOLS IRON AGE TOOLS

EARLY INVENTIONS: 

EARLY INVENTIONS About 3500 BC, Sumerians (Russia/Khazigstan) are believed to invent the “ WHEELS ” and in 3300 BC, they invented Nails for Construction. Around 2500 BC, Egyptians invented ‘ CANDLE ’, “ GLASS ” and “ INK ” in Egypt or Lebanon .

EARLY INVENTIONS: 

Legend says that around 2700 BCE, the Empress Hsi Ling Shi in China had a silkworm cocoon fall into her hot tea. As she watched the stands of fiber unravel, she had a vision of how to harvest and weave the threads into “ SILK ”. “ LACQUER” invented in China around 13th century BCE. Lacquer is a plastic varnish that has great powers of preservation, strength and durability (like plastic). EARLY INVENTIONS

EARLY INVENTIONS: 

300 BC: “ Folding Umbrella” was invented in China . 2 nd Century BCE: “ IRON CASTING” was invented in China. 140-87 BCE: The invention of “ PAPER ” in China from hemp fibers dates. “ COMPASS” invented in China with the spoon or ladle is of magnetic lodestone, and the plate is of bronze. EARLY INVENTIONS

ARCHIMEDES (287 BC – 211BC): 

ARCHIMEDES (287 BC – 211BC) Son of an astronomer named Phidias and related to Hieron II , the king of Syracuse (Ancient Greek). He made m any war machines used in the defence of Syracuse, compound pulley systems, planetarium , water screw (possibly), water organ (possibly), burning mirrors (very unlikely). He initiated Hydrostatics, static mechanics, pycnometry (the measurement of the volume or density of an object). He is called the “ Father of integral calculus ” and also the “ Father of mathematical physics ”. He was killed by a Roman soldier who did not know who he was.

EARLY INVENTIONS: 

1 st Century BCE:“ WHEEL BARROW ” was invented in China. 132 CE: “ CHANG HENG ”, a scientist, mathematician and inventor in China designed the first “ SEISMOGRAPH ” – an equipment to measure Earthquake. 644 CE: “ WIND MILL ” was invented in Persia. EARLY INVENTIONS

EARLY INVENTIONS: 

800 CE:“ GUN POWDER ” was invented in China . 1150 CE: “ ROCKETS” and “ MULTI STAGED ROCKETS ” invented in China, when a bamboo stick was attached to a cluster of fireworks. 1200 CE: “ MIRROR ” was invented by Venetians in Italy . 1280: “ EYE GLASSES” were invented in Italy by “ Salvino degli Armati or Alessandro di Spina” . EARLY INVENTIONS

EARLY INVENTIONS: 

1450: Johannes Gutenberg (Germany) invented “ PRINTING MACHINE” (Movable type)” . 1500: Peter Heinlein (Germany) invented “ POCKET WATCH” . 1565 : Conrad Gesner (Switzerland) invented “ PENCIL ”. 1592: Galileo invented (Italy) “ THERMOMETER” . EARLY INVENTIONS

LEONARDO DA VINCI (1452 – 1519): 

LEONARDO DA VINCI (1452 – 1519) He was an Italian Renaissance polymath: painter, sculptor, architect, musician, scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist and writer. He conceptualised a helicopter , a tank , concentrated solar power , a calculator , the double hull , and he outlined a rudimentary theory of plate tectonics .

LEONARDO DA VINCI: 

LEONARDO DA VINCI His smaller inventions, such as an automated bobbin winder and a machine for testing the tensile strength of wire . He made important discoveries in anatomy, civil engineering, optics, and hydrodynamics, but he did not publish his findings and they had no direct influence on later science.

GALILEO GALILEI (1564– 1642): 

GALILEO GALILEI (1564– 1642) B orn in, Italy, and became famous physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution. He has been called the “F ather of modern observational astronomy ", the “ Father of modern physics ", the “ Father of science “ and " the Father of Modern Science “. In 1581, at the age of 17, he entered the University of Pisa to study medicine, as his father wished. At the age of 20, he derived the law of the pendulum, which would eventually be used to regulate clocks.

GALILEO GALILEI: 

He left the University of Pisa without a degree. In 1596 he invented a rudimentary Thermometer (allowed temperature variations to be measured) and a military compass that could be used to accurately aim cannonballs. In 1609, he built a 3-power telescope and later a 10-power telescope . On January 7, 1610, he turned his 30 power telescope towards Jupiter, and observed that small satellites were rotating about Jupiter. GALILEO GALILEI

GALILEO GALILEI: 

His contributions to observational astronomy include the telescopic confirmation of the phases of Venus , the discovery of the four largest satellites of Jupiter (named the Galilean moons in his honour), and the observation and analysis of ‘ Sunspots’ . His saying that ‘ the Earth went around the Sun’ changed everything since he was contradicting the teachings of the Church. He was cautioned not to teach the Copernican system . GALILEO GALILEI

GALILEO GALILEI: 

GALILEO GALILEI Biblical references include text stating that " the world is firmly established, it cannot be moved. " The Pope ordered him to appear before the Inquisition in Rome for the crime of teaching the Copernican theory after being ordered not to do so. He was threatened with torture and publicly confessed that he had been wrong . He was allowed to live under house arrest until his death in 1642. He had been blinded by an eye infection.

EARLY INVENTIONS: 

1600: Hans & Zacharias Jansen (The Netherlands) invented “ OPTICAL COMPOUND MICROSCOPE ”. 1608 : Hans Lippershey (The Netherlands) invented ‘ TELESCOPE, OPTICAL ’. 1620: Cornelis Drebbel (The Netherlands) invented “ SUBMARINE ”. 1643: Evangelista Torricelli (Italy) invented “ BAROMETER ”(measures atmospheric pressure). EARLY INVENTIONS

EARLY INVENTIONS: 

1656: Christian Huygens (The Netherlands) invented “ PENDULUM CLOCK”. 1680: Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (invented separately) ‘ CALCULUS ’ in England and Germany (respectively) 1698: Thomas Savery (England) invented the “ FIRST STEAM ENGINE ”. EARLY INVENTIONS

SIR ISAAC NEWTON: 

SIR ISAAC NEWTON Born prematurely on 25 December 1642, three months after the death of his father (a farmer). He was removed from school in October, 1659 and his mother attempted to make a farmer. He hated farming. His mother sent him back to school, where he became the top-ranked student. In June 1661, he was admitted to Trinity College. In 1665, he discovered the generalised “ BINOMIAL THEOREM ” and began to develop a mathematical theory that later became “ INFINIESIMAL CALCULUS ”.

SIR ISAAC NEWTON: 

Newton's private studies at his home over the subsequent two years saw the development of his theories on “ CALCULUS, OPTICS and “THE LAW OF GRAVITATION”. From 1670 to 1672, Newton lectured on optics. During this period he investigated the “ REFRACTION OF LIGHT ”, demonstrating that a prism could decompose white light into a spectrum of colours, and that a lens and a second prism could recompose the multicoloured spectrum into white light. SIR ISAAC NEWTON

INVENTIONS – 17TH CENTURY: 

INVENTIONS – 17 TH CENTURY 1710: Thomas Newcomen (UK) created the first practical “ STEAM ENGINE FOR PUMPING WATER”. 1752: James Ayscough (UK) invented “ SUNGLASSES” . 1762: John Harrison (UK) invented “ CHRONOMETER” - ( a clock that is precise and accurate enough to be used as a portable time standard to determine longitude by means of celestial navigation) .

INVENTIONS – 17TH CENTURY: 

1772: Joseph Priestley invented “ CARBONATED SOFT DRINK” ( a method of infusing water with carbon dioxide) . 1778: Andrew Meikle (Scotland) invented ‘ THRESHING MACHINE ’ for the separation of grain from stalks and husks. 1783: Joseph & Étienne Montgolfier (France) invented ‘ HOT AIT BALOON” . 1784: Benjamin Franklin (USA) invented ‘ BI-FOCAL LENS ’. 1784: Aimé Argand (Switzerland) invented ‘ OIL LAMP ’. INVENTIONS – 17 TH CENTURY

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (1706 – 1790): 

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (1706 – 1790) Benjamin Franklin was a leading author, printer, political theorist, politician, postmaster, scientist, musician, inventor, satirist, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat in USA. He invented the lightning rod , bifocals , the Franklin stove , a carriage odometer , and the glass 'armonica' . He earned the title of " THE FIRST AMERICAN " for his indefatigable campaigning for colonial unity.

INVENTIONS - COAL & IRON: 

INVENTIONS - COAL & IRON 1709: Abraham Darby : Discovered that heating coal turned it into more efficient “ COKE ”. 1760: John Smeaton : invented “ SMELTING IRON ” by using water-powered air pumps to create steam blasts. 1783: Henry Cort : Developed the paddling process which purified and strengthened molten iron . He began refining “ IRON ” from “ PIG IRON ” to “ WROUGHT IRON ” (or bar iron) using innovative production systems.

INVENTION – TEXTILE INDUSTRIES: 

INVENTION – TEXTILE INDUSTRIES 1733: John Kay (UK) invented “ FLYING SHUTTLE ”- Hand operated weaving machine. 1764: James Hargreaves(UK) invented “ THE SPINNING JENNY ” – Home based weaving machine 8 times faster than earlier. 1769: Richard Arkwright invented “ WATER FRAME ” - Water-powered spinning machine that was too large for use in a home – led to the creation of factories .

INVENTION – TEXTILE INDUSTRIES: 

INVENTION – TEXTILE INDUSTRIES 1779: Samuel Crompton invented “ SPINNING MULE ” - Combined the spinning jenny and the water frame into a single device, increasing the production of fine thread . 1785: Edward (Edmund) Cartwright invented “ POWER LOOM ”- Water-powered device that automatically and quickly wove thread into cloth.

JAMES WATT: 

JAMES WATT In 1769, the Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer whose improvements to the Newcomen (1705) “ STEAM ENGINE ” were fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both his native Great Britain and the rest of the world. He developed the concept of “ HORSE POWER” . The International System of Units (SI) unit of power, the WATT , was named after him.

INVENTIONS – 17TH CENTURY: 

1793: Eli Whitney(USA) invented ‘ COTTON GIN ’ used for easy separation of cotton fibers from their seeds. 1794: Philip Vaughan(UK) invented ‘ BALL BEARING ’. 1796: Edward Jenner (UK) invented ‘ VACCINATION ’. 1797: André-Jacques Garnerin (France) invented “ MODERN PARACHUTE” . INVENTIONS – 17 TH CENTURY

TRANSPORTATION: 

TRANSPORTATION Before the Industrial Revolution Canal barges pulled by mules Ships powered by sails Horse-drawn wagons, carts, and carriages After the Industrial Revolution Trains Steamships Trolleys Automobiles

TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION: 

TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION

INVENTION - TRANSPORTATION: 

INVENTION - TRANSPORTATION 1787: John Fitch (USA) built the first “ STEAM BOAT ” in the United States. 1790: Thomas Telford (Scotish Engineer) started making “ IRON BRIDGES” in UK. 1804: Richard Trevithick (UK) developed the first high pressure “ STEAM ENGINE ” and built the first full-scale working railway “ STEAM LOCOMOTIVE ”. 1816, John Loudon McAdam (Scotish Engineer) introduced the “ MODERN ROAD TECHNOLOGY ” with crushed stone bound with gravel on a firm base of large stones. the introduction of tar (originally coal tar ) to bind the road surface's stones together.

INVENTIONS – 18TH CENTURY: 

1800: Alessandro Volta (Italy) invented ‘ BATTERY .’ 1807: Robert Fulton (US) invented ‘ STEAM BOAT ’ used for commercially. 1818: Baron Karl de Drais de Sauerbrun (Germany) invented ‘ BICYCLE ’. 1819: René-Théophile-Hyacinthe Laënnec (France) invented ‘ STETHOSCOPE ’- an acoustic medical device to listen to the internal sounds of an animal body. INVENTIONS – 18 TH CENTURY

CHARLES BABBAGE (UK) “FATHER OF THE COMPUTER”: 

CHARLES BABBAGE (UK) “FATHER OF THE COMPUTER” In 1822, originated the concept of a programmable computer. Considered a “ FATHER OF THE COMPUTER ”. The first mechanical computer that eventually led to more complex designs. In 1991, a perfectly functioning difference engine was constructed from Babbage's original plans.

INVENTIONS – 18TH CENTURY: 

1820: Augustin-Jean Fresnel (France) invented ‘ FRESNEL LENS ’. 1821: Michael Faraday (UK) invented “ ELECTRIC MOTOR ”(Electromagnetic Induction). 1824: Louis Braille (France) invented ‘ BRAILLE SYSTEM ”(used by blind people to read and write). 1824: Joseph Aspdin (UK) invented “ PORTLAND CEMENT ”. INVENTIONS – 18 TH CENTURY

MICHAEL FARADAY (1791-1867): 

MICHAEL FARADAY (1791-1867) An English chemist and physicist, who contributed to the fields of electromagnetism and electrochemistry . He discovered the principle of electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism, and the laws of electrolysis. His inventions of electromagnetic rotary devices formed the foundation of electric motor technology. He discovered benzene , investigated the clathrate hydrate of chlorine , invented an early form of the Bunsen burner and the system of oxidation numbers , and popularised terminology such as anode, cathode, electrode, and ion .

INVENTIONS – 18TH CENTURY: 

INVENTIONS – 18 TH CENTURY 1826: James Sharp(UK ) invented “ GAS STOVE ”. 1827: John Walker(UK) invented “ FRICTION MATCHES ”. 1829: George Stephenson(UK) invented “ LOCOMOTIVE ” 1842: Richard J. Gatling invented “GATLING GUN”- the first successful machine gun.

GEORGE STEPHENSON (Born on June 9, 1781): 

GEORGE STEPHENSON (Born on June 9, 1781) George Stephenson was born poor and was the fireman for Wylam Colliery pumping engine. At 17, he became an engineman. He paid from his earnings to study at night school to learn reading, writing and arithmetic—he was illiterate till the age of 18. In 1802 he moved to Willington Quay. He made shoes and mended clocks to supplement his income. In 1811 the pumping engine at High Pit, Killingworth was not working properly and Stephenson offered to repair. His success in the job was awarded him promotion.

GEORGE STEPHENSON: 

GEORGE STEPHENSON He designed his first locomotive in 1814. This locomotive could haul 30 tons of coal up a hill at 4 mph (6.4 km/h), and was the first successful flanged-wheel adhesion locomotive. He is said to have produced 16 locomotives at Killingworth. In 1815, aware of the explosions often caused in mines by naked flames. Stephenson, by trial and error, devised a lamp in which the air entered via tiny holes.

INVENTIONS – 18TH CENTURY: 

1830: Andrew Ure (UK) invented ‘ THERMOSTAT ’. 1830:Sir Rowland Hill (UK) started “ POSTAL STAMP ”. 1831: Cyrus McCormick (US) invented “ MECHANICAL REAPER ” - Cut wheat many times faster than a human worker could. 1832 – 35: Samuel F.B. Morse (US) invented “ TELEGRAPH ”. INVENTIONS – 18 TH CENTURY

INVENTIONS – 18TH CENTURY: 

1834: Thomas Davenport (US) invented “ ELECTRIC MOTOR ”. 1835 – 36: Samuel Colt (US) invented “ REVOLVER ”. 1836: John Decree invented a “LIGHT WEIGHT PLOW WITH A STEEL CUTTING EDGE ”. 1837: Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre (France) invented “ PHOTOGRAPHY ”. INVENTIONS – 18 TH CENTURY

INVENTIONS – 18TH CENTURY: 

INVENTIONS – 18 TH CENTURY 1839: William R. Grove (UK) invented “ FUEL CELL” : A device that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through a chemical reaction with oxygen or another oxidizing agent. 1839:Charles Goodyear (US) invented “ VULCANISED RUBBER ”. 1841: Barthélemy Thimonnier (France) invented “ SEWING MACHINE ”.

INVENTIONS – 18TH CENTURY: 

1842: Alexander Bain (Scotland) invented “ FASCIMILE (FAX) MACHINE ”. 1842: John Gorrie (US) invented “ REFRIGERATOR ”. 1846: Antoine-Joseph Sax (Belgium) invented “ SAXOPHONE ”. 1849: Walter Hunt( US) invented “ SAFETY PIN ”. INVENTIONS – 18 TH CENTURY

INVENTIONS – 18TH CENTURY: 

1852: Henri Giffard (France) invented “ AIR SHIP ”. 1852: Elisha Graves Otis (US) invented “ PASSENGER ELEVATOR ”. 1853: Charles Gabriel Pravaz (France) invented “ HYPODERMIC SYRINGE ”. 1856: Henry Bessemer (UK) invented “ STEEL MASS PRODUCTION ”. INVENTIONS – 18 TH CENTURY

INVENTIONS – 18TH CENTURY: 

INVENTIONS – 18 TH CENTURY 1859: Charles Robert Darwin (UK) published his theory with compelling evidence for evolution in his 1859 book “ On the Origin of Species” . 1859: Étienne Lenoir (France) invented “ INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE ”. 1859: Edwin Laurentine Drake (US) invented “ OIL WELL ”.

INVENTIONS – 18TH CENTURY: 

1860: Frederick Walton (UK) invented “ LINOLEUM ”. 1864: Louis Pasteur(France) invented “ PASTEURIZATION ”. 1866: George W. McGill (UK) invented “ STAPLER ” 1867: Joseph Monier (France) invented “ REINFORCED CONCRETE ”. INVENTIONS – 18 TH CENTURY

JAMES CLERK MAXWELL(1831-1879): 

JAMES CLERK MAXWELL (1831-1879) A Scottish physicist and mathematician. 1865: Maxwell's equations demonstrated that electricity, magnetism and light are all manifestations of the same phenomenon, namely the electromagnetic field . He demonstrated that electric and magnetic fields travel through space in the form of waves , and at the constant speed of light . He helped to develop the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution , which is a statistical means of describing aspects of the kinetic theory of gases . He presented the first durable colour photograph in 1861 .

INVENTIONS – 18TH CENTURY: 

1867: Alfred Nobel (Sweden) invented “ DYNAMITE ”. 1868: Christopher Latham Sholes (US) invented “ TYPE WRITER ”. 1871: Albert Jones (US) invented “ CORRUGATED CARDBOARD ”. 1871: Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleyev (Russia) invented “ PERIODIC TABLE ”. INVENTIONS – 18 TH CENTURY

INVENTIONS – 18TH CENTURY: 

1872: Eugen Baumann(Germany) invented “ POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC) ”. 1873: Levi Strauss, Jacob Davis (US) invented “ JEANS ”. 1874: Joseph Glidden (US) invented “ BARBED WIRE ”. 1874: Othmar Zeidler (Germany) invented “ DDT ”. 1876: Alexander Graham Bell (Scotland/Canada/US) invented “ WIRED TELEPHONE ”. INVENTIONS – 18 TH CENTURY

INVENTIONS – 18TH CENTURY: 

INVENTIONS – 18 TH CENTURY 1877: Thomas Alva Edison (US) invented “ PHONOGRAPH ”. 1878: Carl Gustaf Patrik de Laval (Sweden) invented “ CREAM SEPARATOR – DIARY PROCESSING ”. 1878: David E. Hughes (UK) invented “ MICROPHONE ”. 1878: William Crookes(UK) inventor of the CROOKES RADIOMETER , the CROOKES TUBES, investigating CATHODE RAYS .

THOMAS ALVA EDITION (1847- 1931): 

THOMAS ALVA EDITION (1847- 1931) He was a poor student. When a schoolmaster called him "addled," his furious mother took him out of the school and proceeded to teach him at home. He was taught reading, writing, and arithmetic by his mother. At the age of 12 years old, he got his first job selling newspapers and candy to passengers on the trains. After about a years time, he got permission to use one of the train baggage cars for his science experiments. One day his chemicals spilled causing a fire in the train. He lost his job and his chemicals .

THOMAS ALVA EDITION: 

THOMAS ALVA EDITION 1863:He got a job as a telegraph operator at age of 16. He invented a way to have the signal sent the telegraph automatically every hour. He almost got fired when his boss found him asleep. In 1869. He developed his first successful invention, an improved stock ticker. In 1876, he moved his family and staff of assistants to the small village of Menlo Park, twenty-five miles southwest of New York City. Edison patented 1,093 inventions, earning him the nickname " The Wizard of Menlo Park. "

THOMAS ALVA EDITION: 

THOMAS ALVA EDITION The first great invention developed in Menlo Park was the tin foil phonograph. The first machine that could record and reproduce sound created a sensation and brought Edison international fame. In March 1876, Edison improved the telephone so people didn’t have to shout in it to hear each other. The first public demonstration of the Edison's incandescent lighting system was in December 1879. After inventing the light bulb, Edison went on to invent the World's First Power Station! Having a city lit with light bulbs first happened in New York City due to Edison’s inventions!

THOMAS ALVA EDITION: 

THOMAS ALVA EDITION The new laboratory complex consisting of five buildings opened in November 1887.Eventually, the factory complex covered more than twenty acres and employed 10,000 people at its peak during World War One (1914-1918). By the 1890s, Edison began to manufacture phonographs for both home, and business use. Edison first demonstrated motion pictures in 1891, and began commercial production of “ MOVIES “. Edison was never able to make the process commercially practical, and lost all the money he had invested.

THOMAS ALVA EDITION: 

THOMAS ALVA EDITION Edison began to develop an alkaline battery in 1899. It proved to be Edison's most difficult project, taking ten years to develop a practical alkaline battery. The storage battery eventually became Edison's most profitable product. By 1911, he had built a vast industrial operation in West Orange - Thomas A. Edison Incorporated, with Edison as president and chairman. Edison's role in life began to change from inventor and industrialist to cultural icon.

THOMAS ALVA EDITION: 

THOMAS ALVA EDITION In 1913, Edison discovered how to add sound to movies! He started the General Electric Company . In 1928, in recognition of a lifetime of achievement, the United States Congress voted Edison a special Medal of Honour. On October 18, 1931 the great man died.

INVENTIONS – 18TH CENTURY: 

INVENTIONS – 18 TH CENTURY 1879: Ira Remsen, Constantin Fahlberg (US, Germany) invented “ SACCHARINE ”. 1882: Henry W. Seely (US) invented “ ELECTRIC IRON ”. 1884: George Eastman (US) invented “ FILM PHOTOGRAPHY ”. 1884: Louis-Marie-Hilaire Bernigaud, count of Chardonnet (France) invented “ RAYON ”.

INVENTIONS – 18TH CENTURY: 

INVENTIONS – 18 TH CENTURY 1885: Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach (Germany) invented the high-speed petrol engine and the first four-wheel automobile and “ MOTOR CYCLE ”. 1886: Josephine Cochrane (US) invented “ DISHWASHER ”. 1887: Adolf Fick (Germany) invented “ CONTACT LENS ”. 1888: Theophilus van Kannel (US) invented “ REVOLVING DOOR ”.

INVENTIONS – 18TH CENTURY: 

INVENTIONS – 18 TH CENTURY 1888: Harold P. Brown, Arthur E. Kennelly invented “ ELECTRIC CHAIR ”. 1888: Marvin C.Stone (US) invented “ DRINKING STRAW ”. 1888: John Boyd Dunlop (UK) invented “ PNEUMATIC TYRE ”. 1889: Gottlieb Daimler(Germany) invented “ AUTOMOBILE ”. 1889: Louis Glass (UK) invented “ JUKE BOX ” – music playing device

INVENTIONS – 18TH CENTURY: 

INVENTIONS – 18 TH CENTURY 1891: Thomas Alva Edison, William K.L. Dickson (US) invented “ MOTION PICTURE CAMERA ”. 1891: Jesse W. Reno (US) invented “ ESCALATOR ”. 1892: Sir James Dewar (Scotland) invented “ VACUUM FLASK ”. 1892: John Froehlich (US) invented “ TRACTOR ”.

NIKOLA TESLA: 

NIKOLA TESLA 1983: Nikola Tesla (Serbian-American) was the contributor to the birth of commercial electricity and is best known for developing the modern Alternating Current (AC) electrical supply system. 1891: He demonstrated wireless energy transfer to power electronic devices. 1898: He developed “ Remote control System ” The SI unit measuring magnetic field B ( magnetic flux density and magnetic induction ), the tesla , was named in his honour

INVENTIONS – 18TH CENTURY: 

INVENTIONS – 18 TH CENTURY 1893: Crompton Co.(UK) invented “ ELECTRIC TOASTER ”. 1893: Whitcomb L. Judson (US) invented “ ZIPPER ”. 1894: John Harvey Kellogg (US) invented “ CEREAL BREAKFAST – CORN FLAKES ”. 1895: Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel (Germany) famous for the invention of the “ DIESEL ENGINE” .

INVENTIONS – 18TH CENTURY: 

INVENTIONS – 18 TH CENTURY 1895: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (Germany) invented “ X-RAY IMAGING ”. 1896: Guglielmo Marconi (Italy) invented “ RADIO” . 1896: William Hadaway (US) invented “ ELECTRIC STOVE ”. 1897: Felix Hoffmann (Bayer) (Germany) invented “ ASPIRIN ”.

INVENTIONS – 18TH CENTURY: 

INVENTIONS – 18 TH CENTURY 1898: Valdemar Poulsen (Denmark) invented “ TELEPHONE ANSWERING MACHINE ”. 1899: Conrad Hubert (Russia / US) invented “ BATTERY OPERATED PORTABLE FLASH LIGHT ”. 1899: Johan Vaaler (Norway) invented “ PAPER CLIP ”.

JOSEPH LISTER: 

JOSEPH LISTER Between 1883 and 1897: Joseph Lister, a British surgeon and a pioneer of “ ANTISEPTIC SURGERY” , who promoted the idea of sterile surgery. He successfully introduced carbolic acid (now known as phenol ) to sterilise surgical instruments and to clean wounds , which led to reducing post-operative infections and made surgery safer for patients.

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