review eoc 1877-present 2010-2011

EOC Review 1877 to Present:

EOC Review 1877 to Present Review Game A.P. U.S. History

WHAT: The concept that the nation was meant (by god) to spread west to the Pacific. SIGNIFICANCE: People moved West! WHY: California Gold Rush, 1849 First coined by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan in 1845.:

2 WHAT: The concept that the nation was meant (by god) to spread west to the Pacific. SIGNIFICANCE: People moved West! WHY: California Gold Rush, 1849 First coined by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan in 1845. Manifest Destiny

President (1844-1848) who led a major campaign of EXPANSION and is considered to be a president of MANIFEST DESTINY? He was from Tennessee?:

3 President (1844-1848) who led a major campaign of EXPANSION and is considered to be a president of MANIFEST DESTINY? He was from Tennessee? James K. Polk

Sparked debate that helped lead to the Civil War:

4 Sparked debate that helped lead to the Civil War Wilmot Proviso

Government program that sold land to settlers for $10 fee -160 acres (1/4 mile square) -Must be 21 years of age and head of household -Must be American citizens or immigrants filed for citizenship -Must farm land for 5 years EFFECT: More people moved WEST!:

5 Government program that sold land to settlers for $10 fee -160 acres (1/4 mile square) -Must be 21 years of age and head of household -Must be American citizens or immigrants filed for citizenship -Must farm land for 5 years EFFECT: More people moved WEST! Homestead Act, 1862

More people moved here after the Civil War and the Homestead Act (1862). It was originally called the “GREAT AMERICAN DESERT” by Major Stephen Long (an explorer) CHANGE: By the late 1800s, it was called the “Bread Basket” of America!:

6 More people moved here after the Civil War and the Homestead Act (1862). It was originally called the “GREAT AMERICAN DESERT” by Major Stephen Long (an explorer) CHANGE: By the late 1800s, it was called the “Bread Basket” of America! The Great Plains

Vast area of grassland owned by the government in the west. Provided free grazing land for cattle herds:

7 Vast area of grassland owned by the government in the west. Provided free grazing land for cattle herds Open Range

Name the big business… Cyrus McCormick ?:

8 Name the big business… Cyrus McCormick ? mechanical reapers

Plains Indians relied most on the________________?:

9 Plains Indians relied most on the________________? Buffalo

Name for people who moved WEST, plowed, and farmed the Great Plains? HINT – Think about their houses!:

10 Name for people who moved WEST, plowed, and farmed the Great Plains? HINT – Think about their houses! Sod Busters

Major invention of Joseph Glidden that changed the west by helping farmers fence off their land. It was one of the reasons the long drives ended!:

11 Major invention of Joseph Glidden that changed the west by helping farmers fence off their land. It was one of the reasons the long drives ended! Barbed-Wire

He invented the steel plow in the 1830s. It helped the “Sod-Busters” break through on the Great Plains after the passing of the Homestead Act in 1862?:

12 He invented the steel plow in the 1830s. It helped the “Sod-Busters” break through on the Great Plains after the passing of the Homestead Act in 1862? John Deere

List 3 major improvements in technology which helped farmers who moved west after the Civil War.:

13 List 3 major improvements in technology which helped farmers who moved west after the Civil War. Dry farming, steel plow, mechanical reaper, barbed wire,

The movement of cattle by cowboys to railheads for shipment to eastern markets? Texas to Kansas Kansas to stockyards in Chicago In the stockyards they were slaughtered and their meat was packaged for shipment to consumers in the east:

14 The movement of cattle by cowboys to railheads for shipment to eastern markets? Texas to Kansas Kansas to stockyards in Chicago In the stockyards they were slaughtered and their meat was packaged for shipment to consumers in the east Long Drive

Slide 15:

15 Wheat Belt

Slide 16:

16 Corn Belt

Slide 17:

17 Cotton Belt

Movement of people from one place to another.:

18 Movement of people from one place to another. Migration

Movement of people after the Civil War, during the late 1800s (from where to where)?:

19 Movement of people after the Civil War, during the late 1800s (from where to where)? rural to urban

Movement of people to cities?:

20 Movement of people to cities? urbanization

Completed the first electrified streetcar system – Richmond, Virginia:

21 Completed the first electrified streetcar system – Richmond, Virginia Franklin Julian Sprague

It became the longest suspension bridge in the world in 1883 and became a symbol of American engineering?:

22 It became the longest suspension bridge in the world in 1883 and became a symbol of American engineering? Brooklyn Bridge

Gift from France in 1866 that became a symbol of freedom and hope for immigrants entering the U.S. through Ellis Island?:

23 Gift from France in 1866 that became a symbol of freedom and hope for immigrants entering the U.S. through Ellis Island? Statue of Liberty

Living conditions in cities (urban areas) from 1870-1900? EXAMPLES and What did these conditions lead to?:

24 Living conditions in cities (urban areas) from 1870-1900? EXAMPLES and What did these conditions lead to? - crowded tenements, disease, crime, poverty - Electric street lights, paved streets, sidewalks, new water and sanitation systems

What year was the first year that more Americans lived in cities than in rural areas?:

25 What year was the first year that more Americans lived in cities than in rural areas? 1920

The act of moving into a country (usually to become a permanent resident) COMING IN?:

26 The act of moving into a country (usually to become a permanent resident) COMING IN? immigration

When people leave their native country or place to start new lives elsewhere?:

27 When people leave their native country or place to start new lives elsewhere? emigration

An acute shortage of food? Example that led to an increase in the U.S. population? :

28 An acute shortage of food? Example that led to an increase in the U.S. population? Famine, Potato Famine (1845-1849) - Irish

What do these numbers correspond to and what is the trend? 1821-1840: 51,000 1841-1860: 4,311,000 1861-1880: 5,127,000 1881-1900: 8,933,000:

29 What do these numbers correspond to and what is the trend? 1821-1840: 51,000 1841-1860: 4,311,000 1861-1880: 5,127,000 1881-1900: 8,933,000 Immigration in the U.S. 1820-1890 It shows massive growth especially during the late 1800s!

1st major wave of immigration to the U.S.?:

30 1 st major wave of immigration to the U.S.? Northern and Western Europe

2nd major wave of immigration to the U.S.?:

31 2nd major wave of immigration to the U.S.? Southern and Eastern Europe

Difference between where Irish and German immigrants tended to settle?:

32 Difference between where Irish and German immigrants tended to settle? Irish – NE urban areas – Boston, New York, Philadelphia Germans – NE cities, MIDWESTERN cities and rural farming areas

Policy of favoring American-born residents (over recent or new immigrants):

33 Policy of favoring American-born residents (over recent or new immigrants) Nativism

Nativist movement in the 1850s (a.k.a. – The American Party) favored American-born over immigrants to the country:

34 Nativist movement in the 1850s (a.k.a. – The American Party) favored American-born over immigrants to the country Know-Nothing Movement

Major factors for people moving (migrating or immigrating westward)?:

35 Major factors for people moving (migrating or immigrating westward)? Gold Rush, Homestead Act, escape discrimination (Exodusters)

It occurred after 1848 and led to large scale migration and immigration to California?:

36 It occurred after 1848 and led to large scale migration and immigration to California? Gold Rush

Settlers and immigrant who went to California in search of California during the “Gold Rush”?:

37 Settlers and immigrant who went to California in search of California during the “Gold Rush”? 49ers

A variety of race and national origin shows ______________ ____________?:

38 A variety of race and national origin shows ______________ ____________? ethnic diversity

WHAT: They grew up over night in the west providing: restaurants, laundries, hotels for miners EXAMPLE – Virginia City, Nevada:

39 WHAT: They grew up over night in the west providing: restaurants, laundries, hotels for miners EXAMPLE – Virginia City, Nevada boomtowns/ghost towns

Located in San Francisco Bay, it was a reception center for most Asian-born immigrants to the U.S. (1910).:

40 Located in San Francisco Bay, it was a reception center for most Asian-born immigrants to the U.S. (1910). Angel Island

Term that the Chinese used to describe California as over 100,000 Chinese immigrants streamed into the U.S. between 1849 and 1870? :

41 Term that the Chinese used to describe California as over 100,000 Chinese immigrants streamed into the U.S. between 1849 and 1870? Gold Mountain

Between 1865 and 1920, the U.S. population doubled. List at least 2 factors that contributed to this.:

42 Between 1865 and 1920, the U.S. population doubled. List at least 2 factors that contributed to this. Immigration, better medicine, technology

Located in NY Harbor, it was the main reception center for immigrants coming into the U.S. on the eastern coast (1892-1934):

43 Located in NY Harbor, it was the main reception center for immigrants coming into the U.S. on the eastern coast (1892-1934) Ellis Island

Reasons why many immigrants were pulled/pushed to America in the late 1800s?:

44 Reasons why many immigrants were pulled/pushed to America in the late 1800s? opportunity freedom war in Europe

She wrote “The New Colossus” about the Statue of Liberty (placed at the base in 1903) “"Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!":

45 She wrote “The New Colossus” about the Statue of Liberty (placed at the base in 1903) “"Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!" Emma Lazarus

1st major wave of immigration to the U.S.?:

46 1 st major wave of immigration to the U.S.? Northern and Western Europe

2nd major wave of immigration to the U.S.?:

47 2nd major wave of immigration to the U.S.? Southern and Eastern Europe

America has long been known as a “melting pot”. This concept is also known as________________?:

48 America has long been known as a “melting pot”. This concept is also known as________________? cultural pluralism

Process by which individuals adjust to another culture (think about all of the immigrants during the late 1800s)?:

49 Process by which individuals adjust to another culture (think about all of the immigrants during the late 1800s)? acculturation

When one culture rapidly conforms with another. With the Dawes Act, the U.S. wanted Native Americans to ___________ into American society.:

50 When one culture rapidly conforms with another. With the Dawes Act, the U.S. wanted Native Americans to ___________ into American society. assimilation

Italian contractors took jobs and served as middlemen to hire Italians for work on projects. Many Italian immigrants worked for a short time and went back to Italy. CAUSED RESENTMENT:

51 Italian contractors took jobs and served as middlemen to hire Italians for work on projects. Many Italian immigrants worked for a short time and went back to Italy. CAUSED RESENTMENT Padrone system

Bias or prejudice against a group or individual?:

52 Bias or prejudice against a group or individual? discrimination

Crowded, poorly maintained urban apartment buildings (often “dumbell” shaped):

53 Crowded, poorly maintained urban apartment buildings (often “dumbell” shaped) tenements

Prejudice or discrimination against Jews? They tended to settle in cities in the N.E. (especially Lower East Side, NY):

54 Prejudice or discrimination against Jews? They tended to settle in cities in the N.E. (especially Lower East Side, NY) Anti-Semitism

Where did these “new” immigrants tend to settle? Poles Czechs and Slovaks Greeks:

55 Where did these “new” immigrants tend to settle? Poles Czechs and Slovaks Greeks Poles – NY and Great Lakes (mining and factories) Czechs and Slovaks – Midwest (farming and some industry) Greeks – CITIES like NY, Boston, Chicago (business and restaurants)

Ethnic neighborhoods in urban areas. Example – Barrios, Chinatown (SF):

56 Ethnic neighborhoods in urban areas. Example – Barrios, Chinatown (SF) ethnic enclaves

90% of Chinese immigrants in the 1800s were_______. They often hoped to make enough money to return to China.:

57 90% of Chinese immigrants in the 1800s were_______. They often hoped to make enough money to return to China. men

Led by Dennis Kearney in CA. This party campaigned against the Chinese: It demanded the Chinese to be sent back to China Wanted an end to Chinese immigration! :

58 Led by Dennis Kearney in CA. This party campaigned against the Chinese: It demanded the Chinese to be sent back to China Wanted an end to Chinese immigration! Workingmen’s Party

WHAT: Denied citizenship to Chinese in the U.S. and forbid further immigration of Chinese. WHY: Supported by American workers (especially the Irish) who worried about losing their jobs to Chinese immigrants who would work for less pay. REPEALED in 1943! It caused the Chinese population in America to decrease. :

59 WHAT: Denied citizenship to Chinese in the U.S. and forbid further immigration of Chinese. WHY: Supported by American workers (especially the Irish) who worried about losing their jobs to Chinese immigrants who would work for less pay. REPEALED in 1943! It caused the Chinese population in America to decrease. Chinese Exclusion Act 1882

WHAT: Barred all Japanese immigration Permitted only 2% of people who had come in from a another country in 1890 RESULT: Ended a major period of immigration! Immigration would not pick up again until the 1970s LATEST WAVE - Latin American and Asian :

60 WHAT: Barred all Japanese immigration Permitted only 2% of people who had come in from a another country in 1890 RESULT: Ended a major period of immigration! Immigration would not pick up again until the 1970s LATEST WAVE - Latin American and Asian Immigration Act of 1924

END:

61 END IMMIGRATION

BEGIN:

62 BEGIN INDUSTRY

List at least 2 effects of the Transcontinental Railroad?:

63 List at least 2 effects of the Transcontinental Railroad? EFFECT: Tied west coast to the Union and Asian trade Railroads allowed for towns to boom Major growth in the west Reduced shipping costs

The Transcontinental Railroad was completed at Promontory Point, Utah in__________?:

64 The Transcontinental Railroad was completed at Promontory Point, Utah in__________? 1869

Company that laid track for the Transcontinental Railroad, it started in Sacramento , CA and headed eastward? Leland Stanford – ex-governor of California helped organize it Used Chinese laborers – 6,000 (many died):

65 Company that laid track for the Transcontinental Railroad, it started in Sacramento , CA and headed eastward? Leland Stanford – ex-governor of California helped organize it Used Chinese laborers – 6,000 (many died) Central Pacific Railroad

FAMOUS FOR: Railroad consolidation (New York Central) offered railway service at low rates used steel rail - safer and economical used standard gauge of track (width):

66 FAMOUS FOR: Railroad consolidation (New York Central) offered railway service at low rates used steel rail - safer and economical used standard gauge of track (width) Cornelius Vanderbilt

He built the Great Northern Railroad without government grants or subsidies?:

67 He built the Great Northern Railroad without government grants or subsidies? James J. Hill

Started in 1862…finished in 1869 it combined 2 lines and dramatically changed the U.S. (from 5 months to about 8 days! – NY to California) :

68 Started in 1862…finished in 1869 it combined 2 lines and dramatically changed the U.S. (from 5 months to about 8 days! – NY to California) Transcontinental Railroad

Company that laid track for the Transcontinental Railroad, it started in Omaha, Nebraska and moved westward? Irish “Paddies” helped lay track:

69 Company that laid track for the Transcontinental Railroad, it started in Omaha, Nebraska and moved westward? Irish “Paddies” helped lay track Union Pacific Railroad

Created to make rail service safer and more reliable :

70 Created to make rail service safer and more reliable Time zones

Name some use for the following?... Built their fortunes by stealing from the public Drained natural resources, Abused and mistreated workers Rockefeller, Vanderbilt, Carnegie, etc :

71 Name some use for the following?... Built their fortunes by stealing from the public Drained natural resources, Abused and mistreated workers Rockefeller, Vanderbilt, Carnegie, etc ROBBER BARONS

Name some use for the following?... Helped make the country better Built businesses, Provided jobs, Founded museums and universities Rockefeller, Vanderbilt, Carnegie, etc :

72 Name some use for the following?... Helped make the country better Built businesses, Provided jobs, Founded museums and universities Rockefeller, Vanderbilt, Carnegie, etc CAPTAINS OF INDUSTRY

WHAT: organization of workers seeking to improve their wages, working conditions, and benefits? :

73 WHAT: organization of workers seeking to improve their wages, working conditions, and benefits? Unions

A new process to make steel removed impurities from iron by shooting hot air through it! lighter, stronger, cheaper steel! It mass production possible :

74 A new process to make steel removed impurities from iron by shooting hot air through it! lighter, stronger, cheaper steel! It mass production possible Bessemer Process

Poor boy from Scotland, made a $1.20 a week Largest steel maker, produced ¼ of nations steel, Company brought in $40 million a year, he got 25 million! Business model: - Vertical consolidation LATER LIFE: became a philanthropist and gave millions of dollars away Sold his company to J.P. Morgan in 1900 for $400 million Gospel of Wealth Libraries (over 2,500) :

75 Poor boy from Scotland, made a $1.20 a week Largest steel maker, produced ¼ of nations steel, Company brought in $40 million a year, he got 25 million! Business model: - Vertical consolidation LATER LIFE: became a philanthropist and gave millions of dollars away Sold his company to J.P. Morgan in 1900 for $400 million Gospel of Wealth Libraries (over 2,500) Andrew Carnegie

WHAT: wealthy Wall Street banker purchased Andrew Carnegie’s steel company for nearly $400 million used it to form the U.S. Steel Corporation in 1901. First billion dollar corporation (1.4 billion) :

76 WHAT: wealthy Wall Street banker purchased Andrew Carnegie’s steel company for nearly $400 million used it to form the U.S. Steel Corporation in 1901. First billion dollar corporation (1.4 billion) J. P. Morgan

Shift from making goods by hand to making them with machines Shift from human and animal power to steam and electricity RESULT: More goods could be produced faster! :

77 Shift from making goods by hand to making them with machines Shift from human and animal power to steam and electricity RESULT: More goods could be produced faster! Industrial Revolution

American inventor who created the process of vulcanization (made rubber into stretchy “elastic” metal) in 1839. Think tires!:

78 American inventor who created the process of vulcanization (made rubber into stretchy “elastic” metal) in 1839. Think tires! Charles Goodyear

Food preservation became a big business during the mid-late 1800s. William Davis was famous for inventing __________________ in 1868? HINT: Food could travel without spoiling!:

79 Food preservation became a big business during the mid-late 1800s. William Davis was famous for inventing __________________ in 1868? HINT: Food could travel without spoiling! refrigerated railroad cars

Mining changed from placer, to sluice mining, to __________, and eventually steam powered drills.:

80 Mining changed from placer, to sluice mining, to __________, and eventually steam powered drills. hydraulic mining

Harvesting wheat was drastically changed by the _____________________. For example, harvesting an acre of wheat by hand took 60 hours by machine it only took 3!:

81 Harvesting wheat was drastically changed by the _____________________. For example, harvesting an acre of wheat by hand took 60 hours by machine it only took 3! Industrial Revolution

He developed the…telephone LED TO: American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T):

82 He developed the…telephone LED TO: American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T) Alexander Graham Bell

HE DEVELOPED THE… Airbrake (railroads), AC (alternating current), AND early attempts at hydroelectric power :

83 HE DEVELOPED THE… Airbrake (railroads), AC (alternating current), AND early attempts at hydroelectric power George Westinghouse

WHAT: Trans-Atlantic telegraph cable, 1858 & 1866 RESULT: Connected U.S. and Europe! :

84 WHAT: Trans-Atlantic telegraph cable, 1858 & 1866 RESULT: Connected U.S. and Europe! Cyrus Field

This invention helped railroads become much safer?:

85 This invention helped railroads become much safer? Airbrake

Type of Consolidation/integration? one company allies itself with other companies in the same industry to control that industry:

86 Type of Consolidation/integration? one company allies itself with other companies in the same industry to control that industry Horizontal consolidation/integration

When one company controls an entire industry?:

87 When one company controls an entire industry? MONOPOLY

business organization meant to control act like a monopoly One company controls the stock of a majority of other companies in the same industry That one company then makes all decisions for that industry:

88 business organization meant to control act like a monopoly One company controls the stock of a majority of other companies in the same industry That one company then makes all decisions for that industry TRUSTS

combined all phases of manufacturing a product from start to finish mine the ore, ship the ore in his ships, deliver the ore on his railroads, turn the iron ore into steel EXAMPLE – Carnegie Steel :

89 combined all phases of manufacturing a product from start to finish mine the ore, ship the ore in his ships, deliver the ore on his railroads, turn the iron ore into steel EXAMPLE – Carnegie Steel Vertical consolidation/integration

WHAT: Trust He formed an oil trust when smaller oil companies turned over their stock to the board of directors of Standard Oil Business Model: Horizontal consolidation one company allies itself with other companies in the same industry to control that industry LATER LIFE: Became a philanthropist :

90 WHAT: Trust He formed an oil trust when smaller oil companies turned over their stock to the board of directors of Standard Oil Business Model: Horizontal consolidation one company allies itself with other companies in the same industry to control that industry LATER LIFE: Became a philanthropist John D. Rockefeller

Poor boy from Scotland, made a $1.20 a week Largest steel maker, produced ¼ of nations steel, Company brought in $40 million a year, he got 25 million! Business model: - Vertical consolidation LATER LIFE: became a philanthropist and gave millions of dollars away Sold his company to J.P. Morgan in 1900 for $400 million Gospel of Wealth Libraries (over 2,500) :

91 Poor boy from Scotland, made a $1.20 a week Largest steel maker, produced ¼ of nations steel, Company brought in $40 million a year, he got 25 million! Business model: - Vertical consolidation LATER LIFE: became a philanthropist and gave millions of dollars away Sold his company to J.P. Morgan in 1900 for $400 million Gospel of Wealth Libraries (over 2,500) Andrew Carnegie

Name the big business… George Pullman?:

92 Name the big business… George Pullman? Pullman sleeping car for railroads

WHAT: Chemical monopoly that controlled…Explosives, Gun powder, Dynamite:

93 WHAT: Chemical monopoly that controlled…Explosives, Gun powder, Dynamite DUPONT CHEMICALS

Name the big business… Milton Hershey?:

94 Name the big business… Milton Hershey? Chocolate

Name the big business… Gustavus F. Swift and Philip Armour? :

95 Name the big business… Gustavus F. Swift and Philip Armour? meat packing/processing

Name the big business… Cyrus McCormick ?:

96 Name the big business… Cyrus McCormick ? mechanical reapers

WHAT: - “leave it alone” an economic idea! No government interference in business HANDS OFF! - (other than protection) Leave business alone so people can make profits! supply and demand will regulate wages and prices NOT GOVERNMENT!:

97 WHAT: - “leave it alone” an economic idea! No government interference in business HANDS OFF! - (other than protection) Leave business alone so people can make profits! supply and demand will regulate wages and prices NOT GOVERNMENT! “laissez-faire” / FREE ENTERPRISE

Belief that those blessed with great wealth earned it through Darwinist competition but also were obligated to improve society and mankind through philanthropy. Followed by Andrew Carnegie and others?:

98 Belief that those blessed with great wealth earned it through Darwinist competition but also were obligated to improve society and mankind through philanthropy. Followed by Andrew Carnegie and others? Gospel of Wealth

The term coined by Mark Twain for the late 1800's because it seemed on the outside that everything was going well, but underneath there was a lot of corruption? -growing gap between rich and poor -corruption in politics and business -increased urbanization:

99 The term coined by Mark Twain for the late 1800's because it seemed on the outside that everything was going well, but underneath there was a lot of corruption? -growing gap between rich and poor -corruption in politics and business -increased urbanization Gilded Age

Carnegie Steel plant near Pittsburgh Henry Frick (manager) cut wages by 20 percent in 1892. Frick used lockout, Pinkertons, and scabs to break the strike, major setback for union movement?:

100 Carnegie Steel plant near Pittsburgh Henry Frick (manager) cut wages by 20 percent in 1892. Frick used lockout, Pinkertons, and scabs to break the strike, major setback for union movement? Homestead Strike (1892)

Documents or objects containing FIRSTHAND evidence of events (they were actually there!) EXAMPLE – Letter from George Washington:

101 Documents or objects containing FIRSTHAND evidence of events (they were actually there!) EXAMPLE – Letter from George Washington Primary source

Works that are NOT ORIGINAL manuscripts or records of events. They usually interpret firsthand accounts. EXAMPLE – textbooks:

102 Works that are NOT ORIGINAL manuscripts or records of events. They usually interpret firsthand accounts. EXAMPLE – textbooks Secondary Source

They use symbolism, labels, and exaggerations to poke fun at often serious issues. Thomas Nast helped bring down Boss Tweed by using these to expose his corruption?:

103 They use symbolism, labels, and exaggerations to poke fun at often serious issues. Thomas Nast helped bring down Boss Tweed by using these to expose his corruption? Political Cartoons

END:

104 END INDUSTRY

BEGIN:

105 BEGIN IMPERIALISM

When one country (usually powerful) dominates another country or region politically, economically, and/or culturally/socially. When one country takes control of another country. :

106 When one country (usually powerful) dominates another country or region politically, economically, and/or culturally/socially. When one country takes control of another country. Imperialism

MAJOR reasons for imperialism in the late 1800s?:

107 MAJOR reasons for imperialism in the late 1800s? raw materials new markets Social Darwinism competition w/ other countries nationalism (pride in ones country) need for re-supply stations missionary/humanitarian work Manifest Destiny

The belief that it was the duty of the white man to civilize the savages, bring technology and Christianity to the "savages", teach the natives what the whites thought they should know?:

108 The belief that it was the duty of the white man to civilize the savages, bring technology and Christianity to the "savages", teach the natives what the whites thought they should know? White Man’s Burden

Throughout much of the 1800s the U.S. stayed out of _________affairs (following George Washington’s warning).:

109 Throughout much of the 1800s the U.S. stayed out of _________affairs (following George Washington’s warning). foreign

1823 – It declared that Europe should not interfere in the affairs of the western hemisphere. Any attempt at interference by a European power would be seen as a threat to the U.S. We stay out of your business, you stay out of ours! :

110 1823 – It declared that Europe should not interfere in the affairs of the western hemisphere. Any attempt at interference by a European power would be seen as a threat to the U.S. We stay out of your business, you stay out of ours! Monroe Doctrine

A region in which one nation had special, sometimes exclusive, economic and political privileges that were recognized by other nations. EXAMPLE – U.S., Latin America:

111 A region in which one nation had special, sometimes exclusive, economic and political privileges that were recognized by other nations. EXAMPLE – U.S., Latin America sphere of influence

Change in American foreign policy towards the and of the 1800s?:

112 Change in American foreign policy towards the and of the 1800s? America became more involved in imperialism and world affairs!

The purchase of Alaska ($7.2 million) from Russia in 1867 became known as _______________?:

113 The purchase of Alaska ($7.2 million) from Russia in 1867 became known as _______________? Seward’s Folly

Tiny, sugar producing island country that the U.S. invested in heavily during the late 1800s. Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown with U.S. support It was annexed by the U.S. in 1897 and became the 50th in 1959.:

114 Tiny, sugar producing island country that the U.S. invested in heavily during the late 1800s. Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown with U.S. support It was annexed by the U.S. in 1897 and became the 50 th in 1959. Hawaii

Wrote The Influence of Sea Power Upon History in 1890 He argued sea power was key to world dominance (imperialism) It stimulated a naval arms race influenced leaders :

115 Wrote The Influence of Sea Power Upon History in 1890 He argued sea power was key to world dominance (imperialism) It stimulated a naval arms race influenced leaders Alfred Thayer Mahan

A tax placed on a foreign good. Purposes – raise money and protect business at home from competition:

116 A tax placed on a foreign good. Purposes – raise money and protect business at home from competition tariff

settlement of a dispute or problem by a neutral authority EXAMPLE – President Grover Cleveland used the Monroe Doctrine to solve a border dispute between Venezuela and Great Britain (British Guiana):

117 settlement of a dispute or problem by a neutral authority EXAMPLE – President Grover Cleveland used the Monroe Doctrine to solve a border dispute between Venezuela and Great Britain (British Guiana) arbitration

The word political or politics refers to…?:

118 The word political or politics refers to…? government

the use of sensationalized and exaggerated reporting by newspapers or magazines to attract readers:

119 the use of sensationalized and exaggerated reporting by newspapers or magazines to attract readers Yellow Journalism

2 examples of Yellow Journalism::

120 2 examples of Yellow Journalism: William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer

Yellow Press:

121 Yellow Press Accounts of Spanish mistreatment of Cuban natives in the nation's so-called “yellow press," stirred American resentment of Spain. Publisher William Randolph Hearst to Frederic Remington " You furnish the pictures...I'll furnish the war! "

hit and run raids:

122 hit and run raids guerilla- warfare

Written by the Spanish minister in Washington, it was stolen from the mail and delivered to Hearst. He had called McKinley weak and bitter. It was played up by the yellow journalists (helped cause Spanish American War.:

123 Written by the Spanish minister in Washington, it was stolen from the mail and delivered to Hearst. He had called McKinley weak and bitter. It was played up by the yellow journalists (helped cause Spanish American War. De Lome Letter

The explosion and sinking of this ship angered many Americans and was played up by “yellow journalists” helping to start the Spanish-American War in 1898?:

124 The explosion and sinking of this ship angered many Americans and was played up by “yellow journalists” helping to start the Spanish-American War in 1898? U.S.S. Maine

An 1898 conflict in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence. Fought in Cuba and the Philippines Started because of yellow journalism (Hearst's NY and Pulitzer's NYW) , the De Lome Letter, and the explosion of U.S.S. Maine RESULT - Gave the U.S. Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines – U.S. BECOMES A WORLD POWER!:

125 An 1898 conflict in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence. Fought in Cuba and the Philippines Started because of yellow journalism (Hearst's NY and Pulitzer's NYW) , the De Lome Letter, and the explosion of U.S.S. Maine RESULT - Gave the U.S. Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines – U.S. BECOMES A WORLD POWER! Spanish-American War,1898

Territories the U.S. acquired from the Spanish-American War?:

126 Territories the U.S. acquired from the Spanish-American War? Guam, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Philippines

Treaty that ended the Spanish American War?:

127 Treaty that ended the Spanish American War? Treaty of Paris, 1898

Ordered by Assistant Secretary to the Navy – Theodore Roosevelt… Admiral that led the surprise attack against the Spanish in the Philippines during the Spanish-American War?:

128 Ordered by Assistant Secretary to the Navy – Theodore Roosevelt… Admiral that led the surprise attack against the Spanish in the Philippines during the Spanish-American War? George Dewey

members of the 1st U.S. Volunteer Cavalry, organized by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish-American war:

129 members of the 1 st U.S. Volunteer Cavalry, organized by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish-American war Rough Riders

END TODAY:

130 END TODAY

Formed out of the belief that all people should be allowed to govern themselves. the U.S. treatment of colonies after the Spanish-American war started the group. Members included Andrew Carnegie, Jane Addams, William Jennings Bryan, and Mark Twain. :

131 Formed out of the belief that all people should be allowed to govern themselves. the U.S. treatment of colonies after the Spanish-American war started the group. Members included Andrew Carnegie, Jane Addams, William Jennings Bryan, and Mark Twain. Anti-Imperialist League

guerrilla war following the U.S. acquisition of the Philippines, led by Emilio Aguinaldo that lasted for three years and ended with the U.S. keeping control. :

132 guerrilla war following the U.S. acquisition of the Philippines, led by Emilio Aguinaldo that lasted for three years and ended with the U.S. keeping control. Philippine Insurrection

He helped George Dewey take the Philippines from the Spanish during the Spanish-American War, but led the Philippine Insurrection against the U.S. (he didn’t’ agree with the U.S. occupation of the Philippines). :

133 He helped George Dewey take the Philippines from the Spanish during the Spanish-American War, but led the Philippine Insurrection against the U.S. (he didn’t’ agree with the U.S. occupation of the Philippines). Emilio Aguinaldo

Developed by Secretary of State John Hay, this policy aimed to combat the European spheres of influence that threatened to squeeze American business interests out of Chinese markets (it also led to the Boxer Rebellion). :

134 Developed by Secretary of State John Hay, this policy aimed to combat the European spheres of influence that threatened to squeeze American business interests out of Chinese markets (it also led to the Boxer Rebellion). Open Door Policy

1899 rebellion in which members of a Chinese secret society sought to free their country from western influence. :

135 1899 rebellion in which members of a Chinese secret society sought to free their country from western influence. Boxer Rebellion

refers to the foreign relations policies of Theodore Roosevelt and summed up his aggressive stance toward international affairs :

136 refers to the foreign relations policies of Theodore Roosevelt and summed up his aggressive stance toward international affairs “Big Stick”, Gunboat Diplomacy

President reserved right for U.S. to intervene in the affairs of any Latin American country who wasn’t capable of governing itself (if you can’t, we will)! We would act as policemen in Latin America. :

137 President reserved right for U.S. to intervene in the affairs of any Latin American country who wasn’t capable of governing itself (if you can’t, we will)! We would act as policemen in Latin America. Roosevelt Corollary (to Monroe Doctrine)

Example of Teddy Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” Policy - Built by the U.S. between 1904 and 1914, it is an artificial waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. :

138 Example of Teddy Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” Policy - Built by the U.S. between 1904 and 1914, it is an artificial waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Panama Canal

William Howard Taft’s foreign policy. Taft sought to address international problems by extending American investment overseas, believing that such activity would both benefit the U.S. economy and promote stability abroad. :

139 William Howard Taft’s foreign policy. Taft sought to address international problems by extending American investment overseas, believing that such activity would both benefit the U.S. economy and promote stability abroad. Dollar Diplomacy

foreign policy proposed by president Woodrow Wilson to condemn imperialism, spread democracy, and promote peace :

140 foreign policy proposed by president Woodrow Wilson to condemn imperialism, spread democracy, and promote peace Moral Diplomacy

a rebellious leader during the Mexican Revolution. His ordered attacks on U.S. citizens sparked a rapid response from Woodrow Wilson (sent in John J. Pershing and troops in 1917). :

141 a rebellious leader during the Mexican Revolution. His ordered attacks on U.S. citizens sparked a rapid response from Woodrow Wilson (sent in John J. Pershing and troops in 1917). Pancho Villa

political party formed in 1891 representing mainly farmers, favoring free coinage of silver and government control of railroads and other monopolies GRANGE – FARMER’S ALLIANCES – GREENBACKPARTY _______________________ :

142 political party formed in 1891 representing mainly farmers, favoring free coinage of silver and government control of railroads and other monopolies GRANGE – FARMER’S ALLIANCES – GREENBACKPARTY _______________________ Populist Party

period CHANGE/REFORM from about 1890-1920, during which a variety of reforms were enacted at the local, state, and federal levels. Used government to solve societies problems :

143 period CHANGE/REFORM from about 1890-1920, during which a variety of reforms were enacted at the local, state, and federal levels. Used government to solve societies problems Progressive Era

Progressive Era PRESIDENTS :

144 Progressive Era PRESIDENTS Teddy Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Woodrow Wilson

They were investigative journalists who worked during the early 1900s to uncover the corruption and evil in American industry and government. Their writings and publications encouraged widespread political and social reform. They include Upton Sinclair, Ida Tarbell, and Lincoln Steffens. :

145 They were investigative journalists who worked during the early 1900s to uncover the corruption and evil in American industry and government. Their writings and publications encouraged widespread political and social reform. They include Upton Sinclair, Ida Tarbell, and Lincoln Steffens. Muckrakers

Muckrakers - EXAMPLES :

146 Muckrakers - EXAMPLES Upton Sinclair – The Jungle Jacob Riis – How the Other Half Lives Ida Tarbell – History of Standard Oil Company

-Meat inspection Act (1906) -Pure Food and Drug Act -Clayton Anti-Trust Act – stronger regulation of “big business” – unions exempted -16th-19th Amendments -Wisconsin Experiment - -CHANGE IN CITIES - Political Machines to city council/mayor/city manager systems -direct primaries -referendum, initiative, recall :

147 -Meat inspection Act (1906) -Pure Food and Drug Act -Clayton Anti-Trust Act – stronger regulation of “big business” – unions exempted -16 th -19 th Amendments -Wisconsin Experiment - -CHANGE IN CITIES - Political Machines to city council/mayor/city manager systems -direct primaries -referendum, initiative, recall Major PROGRESSIVE ERA CHANGES

Progressive Era Amendments?   16th Amendment, 1913 17th Amendment, 1913 18th Amendment, 1919 19th Amendment, 1920 :

148 Progressive Era Amendments? 16th Amendment, 1913 17th Amendment, 1913 18th Amendment, 1919 19th Amendment, 1920 (federal income tax) (direct election of senators) (prohibits sale and consumption of alcohol) (grants women full suffrage or the right to vote)

City changes during Progressive Era? :

149 City changes during Progressive Era? Political Machines to city council/mayor/city manager systems

Led by governor Robert M. “Fighting Bob” Lafollette, it was an example of PROGRESSIVE REFORM AT THE STATE LEVEL -fought railroad and lumber industry -Took control from corrupt business and brought it back to the people -Regulated public utilities :

150 Led by governor Robert M. “Fighting Bob” Lafollette, it was an example of PROGRESSIVE REFORM AT THE STATE LEVEL -fought railroad and lumber industry -Took control from corrupt business and brought it back to the people -Regulated public utilities Wisconsin Experiment

Allows voters to help select the candidates that will run for each political party in major elections (instead of being picked by party leaders and state legislators). :

151 Allows voters to help select the candidates that will run for each political party in major elections (instead of being picked by party leaders and state legislators). Direct Primary

It lets voters put bills before the legislature :

152 It lets voters put bills before the legislature initiative

It lets voters vote on bills directly. :

153 It lets voters vote on bills directly. referendum

It allows voters to remove elected officials. :

154 It allows voters to remove elected officials. recall

Created under Woodrow Wilson, it is our national banking system, established in 1913, that controls the us money supply and availability of credit in the country. :

155 Created under Woodrow Wilson, it is our national banking system, established in 1913, that controls the us money supply and availability of credit in the country. Federal Reserve System

African-American leader - Earn respect and equality, Gain economic security, Founded Tuskegee Institute :

156 African-American leader - Earn respect and equality, Gain economic security, Founded Tuskegee Institute Booker T. Washington

African-American leader - Demanded equality now, become leaders in society, founded NAACP :

157 African-American leader - Demanded equality now, become leaders in society, founded NAACP W.E.B. DuBois

Led by Carrie Chapman Catt (she wanted to clean up labor and welfare laws). 80% of people supporting women’s suffrage belonged to this group. Used :

158 Led by Carrie Chapman Catt (she wanted to clean up labor and welfare laws). 80% of people supporting women’s suffrage belonged to this group. Used National Women’s Suffrage Association - NAWSA

Led by Alice Paul, they were a more militant group (USED HUNGER-STRIKES AND WERE OFTEN ARRESTED) that worked for women’s suffrage and an equal rights amendment for all women (never achieved) :

159 Led by Alice Paul, they were a more militant group (USED HUNGER-STRIKES AND WERE OFTEN ARRESTED) that worked for women’s suffrage and an equal rights amendment for all women (never achieved) National Women’s Party - NWP

END:

160 END Progressive Era

BEGIN:

161 BEGIN WWI to PRESENT

The “MAIN” causes of WWI:

162 The “MAIN” causes of WWI Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism

Spark that started WWI:

163 Spark that started WWI The assassination of Archduke Frances Ferdinand by Serbian Nationalists (Gavrilo Principe)

In May 1915, a German U-Boat sank the Lusitania. The Lusitania was carrying a cargo of war materials as well as passengers to England. Nearly 1,200 people were killed, including 128 Americans.:

164 In May 1915, a German U-Boat sank the Lusitania . The Lusitania was carrying a cargo of war materials as well as passengers to England. Nearly 1,200 people were killed, including 128 Americans. Lusitania

the pledge the German government gave to warn ships before sinking them:

165 the pledge the German government gave to warn ships before sinking them Sussex Pledge

a secret telegram sent from the German ambassador to Mexico proposing an alliance between Germany and Mexico (Mexico would get Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico back for support against the U.S.):

166 a secret telegram sent from the German ambassador to Mexico proposing an alliance between Germany and Mexico (Mexico would get Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico back for support against the U.S.) Zimmerman Note

Why did the United States enter WWI (2 reasons)? :

167 Why did the United States enter WWI (2 reasons)? unrestricted submarine warfare, Zimmerman Note, British propaganda, democratic ideals (stop spread of communism)

The _________Afffair nearly led to the British recognition of the Confederacy and a war between Britain and the Union :

168 The _________Afffair nearly led to the British recognition of the Confederacy and a war between Britain and the Union The Trent Affair

(WWI) Stated that all men between the ages of 20 and 45 had to be registered for possible military service. Used in case draft became necessary.:

169 (WWI) Stated that all men between the ages of 20 and 45 had to be registered for possible military service. Used in case draft became necessary. Selective Service Act

Leader of AEF (U.S. Troops) in Europe during in WWI.:

170 Leader of AEF (U.S. Troops) in Europe during in WWI. General John Pershing

Woodrow Wilson's plan to fix the world after WWI:

171 Woodrow Wilson's plan to fix the world after WWI Fourteen Points

Organization to keep the peace after WWI and the most important part of Wilson's 14 points, all the nations of the world would work together to solve world problems,  The US never joined it.:

172 Organization to keep the peace after WWI and the most important part of Wilson's 14 points, all the nations of the world would work together to solve world problems,  The US never joined it. League of Nations

ended WWI and punished Germany harshly: they could only have a limited military; they had to pay money for war damages (reparations); they lost all their colonies; and the effect on Germany of this treaty would lead to WWII:

173 ended WWI and punished Germany harshly: they could only have a limited military; they had to pay money for war damages (reparations); they lost all their colonies; and the effect on Germany of this treaty would lead to WWII Treaty of Versailles

During WWI, southern Blacks began to move north, where there were more jobs and less racism. The increased number of Blacks led to a White backlash and conditions like Southern racism.:

174 During WWI, southern Blacks began to move north, where there were more jobs and less racism. The increased number of Blacks led to a White backlash and conditions like Southern racism. The Great Migration

African-American artistic movement in NYC in the 1920s, when writers, poets, painters, and musicians came together to express feelings and experiences, especially about the injustices of Jim Crow; leading figures of the movement included Duke Ellington, Zora Neale Hurston, and Langston Hughes.:

175 African-American artistic movement in NYC in the 1920s, when writers, poets, painters, and musicians came together to express feelings and experiences, especially about the injustices of Jim Crow; leading figures of the movement included Duke Ellington, Zora Neale Hurston, and Langston Hughes. Harlem Renaissance

1925 – “Monkey Trial” - biology teacher John Scopes broke Tennessee law by teaching evolution in a public school; arguments between defense attorney Clarence Darrow and prosecution William Jennings Bryan on teaching evolution made trial one of most publicized in decade; scopes was convicted, but the verdict was later overturned.:

176 1925 – “Monkey Trial” - biology teacher John Scopes broke Tennessee law by teaching evolution in a public school; arguments between defense attorney Clarence Darrow and prosecution William Jennings Bryan on teaching evolution made trial one of most publicized in decade; scopes was convicted, but the verdict was later overturned. Scopes Trial

Fear of Communism in the 1920’s. In 1919, the Communist Party was gaining strength in the U.S., and Americans feared Communism. In January, 1920, Palmer raids in 33 cities broke into meeting halls and homes without warrants. 4,000 "Communists" were jailed, some were deported.:

177 Fear of Communism in the 1920’s. In 1919, the Communist Party was gaining strength in the U.S., and Americans feared Communism. In January, 1920, Palmer raids in 33 cities broke into meeting halls and homes without warrants. 4,000 "Communists" were jailed, some were deported. Red Scare

The Republican Decade: Key features of republican administrations (2 features):

178 The Republican Decade: Key features of republican administrations (2 features) 1920’s - Foreign policy, Isolationism, Disarmamen. Domestic policy – Nativism, Laissez faire economics, Consumer credit - buy now pay later

August 1941 - Drawn up br FDR and Churchill with eight main principles: Renunciation of territorial aggression No territorial changes without the consent of the peoples concerned Restoration of sovereign rights and self-government Access to raw material for all nations World economic cooperation Freedom from fear and want Freedom of the seas Disarmament of aggressors :

179 August 1941 - Drawn up br FDR and Churchill with eight main principles: Renunciation of territorial aggression No territorial changes without the consent of the peoples concerned Restoration of sovereign rights and self-government Access to raw material for all nations World economic cooperation Freedom from fear and want Freedom of the seas Disarmament of aggressors The Atlantic Charter

Republican Presidents of 1920’s IN ORDER:

180 Republican Presidents of 1920’s IN ORDER Warren Harding, Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover

Inside of empty pockets Old newspapers Name given to the makeshift shanty towns built in vacant lots during the Depression. :

181 Inside of empty pockets Old newspapers Name given to the makeshift shanty towns built in vacant lots during the Depression. Hoover flags, Hoover blanket, Hoovervilles

called the "Lame Duck Amendment," it changed the inauguration date from March 4 to January 20 for president and vice president, and to January 3 for senators and representatives. It also said Congress must assemble at least once a year.:

182 called the "Lame Duck Amendment," it changed the inauguration date from March 4 to January 20 for president and vice president, and to January 3 for senators and representatives. It also said Congress must assemble at least once a year. 20th Amendment

Repealed prohibition:

183 Repealed prohibition 21st Amendment

Environmental crisis during the Great Depression, no rain for two years, farmers lost their farms in the central and southern Great Plains during the 1930s - the region suffered from drought and dust storms :

184 Environmental crisis during the Great Depression, no rain for two years, farmers lost their farms in the central and southern Great Plains during the 1930s - the region suffered from drought and dust storms Dust Bowl

The _____________ is the name given to the series of programs implemented between 1933-37 under President Franklin D. Roosevelt with the goal of relief, recovery and reform of the United States economy during the Great Depression.:

185 The _____________ is the name given to the series of programs implemented between 1933-37 under President Franklin D. Roosevelt with the goal of relief, recovery and reform of the United States economy during the Great Depression. “New Deal”

Sent 250,000 young men to work camps to perform reforestation and conservation tasks. Removed surplus of workers from cities, provided healthy conditions for boys, provided money for families. (NEW DEAL):

186 Sent 250,000 young men to work camps to perform reforestation and conservation tasks. Removed surplus of workers from cities, provided healthy conditions for boys, provided money for families. (NEW DEAL) Civilian Conservation Corps, (CCC) 1933

Employed 8.5 million workers in construction and other jobs, but more importantly provided work in arts, theater, and literary projects. (NEW DEAL):

187 Employed 8.5 million workers in construction and other jobs, but more importantly provided work in arts, theater, and literary projects. (NEW DEAL) Works Progress Administration, (WPA) 1935

Protected farmers from price drops by providing crop subsidies to reduce production, educational programs to teach methods of preventing soil erosion. (NEW DEAL):

188 Protected farmers from price drops by providing crop subsidies to reduce production, educational programs to teach methods of preventing soil erosion. (NEW DEAL) Agriculture Adjustment Administration (AAA)

Federal government build series of dams to prevent flooding and sell electricity. First public competition with private power industries. (NEW DEAL):

189 Federal government build series of dams to prevent flooding and sell electricity. First public competition with private power industries. (NEW DEAL) Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

It provided pensions, unemployment insurance, and aid to blind, deaf, disabled, and dependent children. (NEW DEAL):

190 It provided pensions, unemployment insurance, and aid to blind, deaf, disabled, and dependent children. (NEW DEAL) Social Security Administration, (SSA) 1935

(FDR) Renounced armed intervention in Latin America.  The last marines left Haiti in 1934; Cuba, under the Platt Amendment, was released from American control; and the grip on Panama was relaxed in 1936.:

191 (FDR) Renounced armed intervention in Latin America.  The last marines left Haiti in 1934; Cuba, under the Platt Amendment, was released from American control; and the grip on Panama was relaxed in 1936. Good neighbor policy

took control of the Communist USSR 2. took control of Italy in 1922 3. took control of Germany. 4. Prime Minister of Japan  :

192 took control of the Communist USSR 2. took control of Italy in 1922 3. took control of Germany. 4. Prime Minister of Japan Joseph Stalin Benito Mussolini Adolf Hitler Hideki Tojo

European democracies could buy American war materials as long as they would transport the munitions on their own ships after paying for them in cash.  America thus avoided loans, war debts, and the torpedoing of American arms-carriers.(established by Neutrality Act of 1939):

193 European democracies could buy American war materials as long as they would transport the munitions on their own ships after paying for them in cash.  America thus avoided loans, war debts, and the torpedoing of American arms-carriers.(established by Neutrality Act of 1939) Cash and Carry

On September 6, 1940, Congress passed a conscription law; under this measure, AMERICA’S FIRST PEACETIME DRAFT was initiated—provision was made for training 1.2 million troops and 800,000 reserves each year.:

194 On September 6, 1940, Congress passed a conscription law; under this measure, AMERICA’S FIRST PEACETIME DRAFT was initiated—provision was made for training 1.2 million troops and 800,000 reserves each year. Selective Service and Training Act

On September 2, 1940, President Roosevelt agreed to transfer to 50 destroyers left over from WWI to Britain.  In return, Britain agreed to hand over to the United States 8 valuable defensive base sites. :

195 On September 2, 1940, President Roosevelt agreed to transfer to 50 destroyers left over from WWI to Britain.  In return, Britain agreed to hand over to the United States 8 valuable defensive base sites. Destroyers for Bases

American arms were loaned or leased to the democracies of the world that needed them.  When the war was over, the guns and tanks could be returned The bill marked the abandonment of any pretense of neutrality.:

196 American arms were loaned or leased to the democracies of the world that needed them.  When the war was over, the guns and tanks could be returned The bill marked the abandonment of any pretense of neutrality. Lend-lease act, 1941

Agreement between U.S. and Britain (Roosevelt and Churchill) outlining the aspirations of the democracies for a better world at the war’s end. :

197 Agreement between U.S. and Britain (Roosevelt and Churchill) outlining the aspirations of the democracies for a better world at the war’s end. Atlantic charter, 1941

December 7, 1941, Japanese bombers attacked _____________, killing 2,348 people.  On December 11, 1941, Congress declared war.:

198 December 7, 1941, Japanese bombers attacked _____________, killing 2,348 people.  On December 11, 1941, Congress declared war. Pearl Harbor

TRUE OR FALSE In the mid 1700s formal education beyond reading and writing was non essential for males and females except as a status symbol for those who could afford it.:

199 TRUE OR FALSE In the mid 1700s formal education beyond reading and writing was non essential for males and females except as a status symbol for those who could afford it. True

WII: Axis:

200 WII: Axis Axis = Germany, Italy, and Japan

WII: Allies:

201 WII: Allies Allies = Great Britain, France, Russia, and the U.S.A.

(DURING WWII) 110,000 JAPANESE-AMERICANS ON THE PACIFIC COAST WHO WERE HERDED INTO CONCENTRATION CAMPS.  WASHINGTON FEARED THAT THEY MIGHT ACT AS SABOTEURS FOR JAPAN IN CASE OF INVASION. :

202 (DURING WWII) 110,000 JAPANESE-AMERICANS ON THE PACIFIC COAST WHO WERE HERDED INTO CONCENTRATION CAMPS.  WASHINGTON FEARED THAT THEY MIGHT ACT AS SABOTEURS FOR JAPAN IN CASE OF INVASION. Internment camps

(WWII) U.S. Navy Pacific strategy called for bypassing some of the most heavily fortified Japanese posts, capturing nearby islands, setting up airfields on them, and then neutralizing the enemy bases through heavy bombing. :

203 (WWII) U.S. Navy Pacific strategy called for bypassing some of the most heavily fortified Japanese posts, capturing nearby islands, setting up airfields on them, and then neutralizing the enemy bases through heavy bombing. Island hopping or “leapfrogging”

Allied invasion of Europe. French Normandy was chosen for the point for invasion due to the fact that it was less heavily defended than other parts of the European cost.  The Allies were victorious.  :

204 Allied invasion of Europe. French Normandy was chosen for the point for invasion due to the fact that it was less heavily defended than other parts of the European cost.  The Allies were victorious. D-day:  June 6, 1944

February, 1945 - Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin met at Yalta to make final war plans, arrange the post-war fate of Germany, and discuss the proposal for creation of the United Nations as a successor to the League of Nations. :

205 February, 1945 - Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin met at Yalta to make final war plans, arrange the post-war fate of Germany, and discuss the proposal for creation of the United Nations as a successor to the League of Nations. Yalta Conference

Victory in Europe Day was May 8, 1945, the date when the Allies during WWII formally celebrated the defeat of Nazi Germany and the end of Adolf Hitler’s 's Third Reich.:

206 Victory in Europe Day was May 8, 1945, the date when the Allies during WWII formally celebrated the defeat of Nazi Germany and the end of Adolf Hitler’s 's Third Reich. V-E Day

Held near Berlin in 1945 sounded the death of the Japanese.  At the conference, President Truman met with Stalin and the British leaders.  They issued an ultimatum to Japan:  surrender or be destroyed.:

207 Held near Berlin in 1945 sounded the death of the Japanese.  At the conference, President Truman met with Stalin and the British leaders.  They issued an ultimatum to Japan:  surrender or be destroyed. Potsdam conference, 1945

A secret U.S. project for the construction of the atomic bomb headed by Robert Oppenheimer (1904-1967).:

208 A secret U.S. project for the construction of the atomic bomb headed by Robert Oppenheimer (1904-1967). Manhattan Project

2 atomic bombs dropped these Japanese cities to force Japan into surrendering in WWII. :

209 2 atomic bombs dropped these Japanese cities to force Japan into surrendering in WWII. Hiroshima and Nagasaki

It outlawed the “closed” (all-union) shop, made unions liable for damages that resulted from jurisdictional disputes among themselves, and required union leaders to take a noncommunist oath.:

210 It outlawed the “closed” (all-union) shop, made unions liable for damages that resulted from jurisdictional disputes among themselves, and required union leaders to take a noncommunist oath. Taft-Hartley Act, 1947

(AKA Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944) made generous provisions for sending the former solders to school. :

211 (AKA Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944) made generous provisions for sending the former solders to school. GI bill

Trend in population movement after WWII (a region of the country):

212 Trend in population movement after WWII (a region of the country) The “Sunbelt”

In all regions, America’s modern white migrants moved from the city to the new suburbs. :

213 In all regions, America’s modern white migrants moved from the city to the new suburbs. “white flight”

More than 50 million babies were born by the end of the 1950s. :

214 More than 50 million babies were born by the end of the 1950s. Baby Boomers

Soviet Union and the United States provoked each other into a tense, 40-year standoff Communism/dictatorship vs. Capitalism/democracy. Ended in 1991:

215 Soviet Union and the United States provoked each other into a tense, 40-year standoff Communism/dictatorship vs. Capitalism/democracy. Ended in 1991 The Cold War

American plan to rebuild Europe and provide economic aid to revitalize the European economies after WWII and help prevent the spread of Communism.:

216 American plan to rebuild Europe and provide economic aid to revitalize the European economies after WWII and help prevent the spread of Communism. Marshall Plan

Declared that it must be the policy of the United States to aid any country that was resisting communist aggression. CONTAIN COMMUNISM!:

217 Declared that it must be the policy of the United States to aid any country that was resisting communist aggression. CONTAIN COMMUNISM! Truman Doctrine

Examples of Truman Doctrine (3):

218 Examples of Truman Doctrine (3) BERLIN, 1948 KOREA, 1950-1951 BERLIN, 1961 BAY OF PIGS, 1961 CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS, 1962 VIETNAM, 1965 – 1973 SPACE RACE

In 1948, what city did the U.S., Britain, and France have to keep supplied for over 300 days in a massive airlift due a Soviet blockade of all land-based supply routes?:

219 In 1948, what city did the U.S., Britain, and France have to keep supplied for over 300 days in a massive airlift due a Soviet blockade of all land-based supply routes? Berlin (Berlin Airlift)

THINK COLD WAR! April, 1949. Military alliance of the U.S. and European democracies agreed to fight for each other if attacked (by Soviet Union and members of the Warsaw Pact):

220 THINK COLD WAR! April, 1949. Military alliance of the U.S. and European democracies agreed to fight for each other if attacked (by Soviet Union and members of the Warsaw Pact) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

THINK COLD WAR! Soviet Union’s military alliance with Eastern Europe. (Communist version of NATO):

221 THINK COLD WAR! Soviet Union’s military alliance with Eastern Europe. (Communist version of NATO) Warsaw Pact

1950-1953 U.S. led United Nations Army fought North Korean communists that were supported by Russia:

222 1950-1953 U.S. led United Nations Army fought North Korean communists that were supported by Russia Korean War

Red Scare #2 1950-1954, led Communist witch-hunt with public trials, eventually condemned from Senate.:

223 Red Scare #2 1950-1954, led Communist witch-hunt with public trials, eventually condemned from Senate. Senator Joseph McCarthy

Developed by Dwight Eisenhower in the 1950s (funded by government and sped up suburbanization):

224 Developed by Dwight Eisenhower in the 1950s (funded by government and sped up suburbanization) Interstate Highway System

Leader of Soviet Union after Josef Stalin died:

225 Leader of Soviet Union after Josef Stalin died Nikita Khrushchev

Wall erected by Soviet Union between East and West Berlin to keep people from fleeing from the East.:

226 Wall erected by Soviet Union between East and West Berlin to keep people from fleeing from the East. Berlin Wall, 1961

In 1959, which country in the Caribbean had a communist revolution and who was the leader?:

227 In 1959, which country in the Caribbean had a communist revolution and who was the leader? Cuba, Fidel Castro

FAILED attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro in Communist Cuba led by President Kennedy (U.S. military failed to back-up American-trained Cuban expatriates leaving them to be killed or captured):

228 FAILED attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro in Communist Cuba led by President Kennedy (U.S. military failed to back-up American-trained Cuban expatriates leaving them to be killed or captured) Bay of Pigs, 1961

After discovering that the Russians were building nuclear missile launch sites in Cuba, the U.S. announced a quarantine of Cuba, which was really a blockade, but couldn't be called that since blockades are a violation of international law. After 6 days of confrontation that led to the brink of nuclear war, Khrushchev backed down and agreed to dismantle the launch sites. SIMPLE EXPLANATION: SOVIETS TRIED TO PUT NUCLEAR MISSILES ON CUBA:

229 After discovering that the Russians were building nuclear missile launch sites in Cuba, the U.S. announced a quarantine of Cuba, which was really a blockade, but couldn't be called that since blockades are a violation of international law. After 6 days of confrontation that led to the brink of nuclear war, Khrushchev backed down and agreed to dismantle the launch sites. SIMPLE EXPLANATION: SOVIETS TRIED TO PUT NUCLEAR MISSILES ON CUBA Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962

The principle of not backing down in a crisis, even if it meant taking the country to the brink of war. Policy of both the U.S. and U.S.S.R. during the Cold War.:

230 The principle of not backing down in a crisis, even if it meant taking the country to the brink of war. Policy of both the U.S. and U.S.S.R. during the Cold War. Brinksmanship

Nikita Khrushchev's proposal that the U.S. and U.S.S.R. could compromise and learn to live with each other.:

231 Nikita Khrushchev's proposal that the U.S. and U.S.S.R. could compromise and learn to live with each other. Peaceful Coexistence

After the U.S. Navy ship Maddux reportedly was fired on, the U.S. Congress passed this resolution which GAVE THE PRESIDENT POWER TO SEND TROOPS TO VIETNAM to protect against further North Vietnamese aggression.:

232 After the U.S. Navy ship Maddux reportedly was fired on, the U.S. Congress passed this resolution which GAVE THE PRESIDENT POWER TO SEND TROOPS TO VIETNAM to protect against further North Vietnamese aggression. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution August, 1964

Surprise attack during the Vietnam lunar new year - Viet Cong and North Vietnamese Army raiding forces attacked provincial capitals throughout Vietnam, even seizing the U.S. embassy for a time. U.S. OPINION BEGAN TURNING AGAINST THE WAR.:

233 Surprise attack during the Vietnam lunar new year - Viet Cong and North Vietnamese Army raiding forces attacked provincial capitals throughout Vietnam, even seizing the U.S. embassy for a time. U.S. OPINION BEGAN TURNING AGAINST THE WAR. Tet Offensive 1968

Reversed Plessy v. Ferguson, ENDED SEGREGATION IN SCHOOLS!:

234 Reversed Plessy v. Ferguson, ENDED SEGREGATION IN SCHOOLS! Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Rock n Roll Music, young people wanted their OWN style:

235 Rock n Roll Music, young people wanted their OWN style Generation Gap

used to describe an anti-materialistic literary movement that began with Jack Kerouac in 1948, stretching on into the 1960s.:

236 used to describe an anti-materialistic literary movement that began with Jack Kerouac in 1948, stretching on into the 1960s. Beat Generation or Beatniks

Groups that challenged conformity, believed in individual expression, and supported Counterculture:

237 Groups that challenged conformity, believed in individual expression, and supported Counterculture Beatniks and Hippies

In 1947, he integrated major league baseball.:

238 In 1947, he integrated major league baseball. Jackie Robinson

It started the Civil Rights Movement and an almost nation-wide bus boycott lasting 11 months. Led by Martin Luther King.:

239 It started the Civil Rights Movement and an almost nation-wide bus boycott lasting 11 months. Led by Martin Luther King. Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1956

Headed by Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., a coalition of churches and Christians organizations who met to discuss civil rights.:

240 Headed by Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., a coalition of churches and Christians organizations who met to discuss civil rights. SCLC - Southern Christian Leadership Conference, 1957

President Eisenhower sent troops to Little Rock, Arkansas to integrate schools.:

241 President Eisenhower sent troops to Little Rock, Arkansas to integrate schools. Little Rock “9”

Late 1950's, early 1960's, these were nonviolent demonstrations and marches that challenged segregation laws, often braving attacks by angry White mobs.:

242 Late 1950's, early 1960's, these were nonviolent demonstrations and marches that challenged segregation laws, often braving attacks by angry White mobs. Sit-ins, Freedom Rides

1962 He integrated Ole Miss:

243 1962 He integrated Ole Miss James Meredith

It concentrated on organizing votes for Black candidates and political causes, successful even in states like Mississippi and Alabama.:

244 It concentrated on organizing votes for Black candidates and political causes, successful even in states like Mississippi and Alabama. Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)1941

Student civil rights movement inspired by sit-ins, it challenged the status quo and walked the back roads of Mississippi and Georgia to ENCOURAGE BLACKS TO RESIST SEGREGATION AND TO REGISTER TO VOTE.:

245 Student civil rights movement inspired by sit-ins, it challenged the status quo and walked the back roads of Mississippi and Georgia to ENCOURAGE BLACKS TO RESIST SEGREGATION AND TO REGISTER TO VOTE. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

1963 August - 200,000 demonstrators converged on the Lincoln Memorial to hear Dr. King's speech and to celebrate Kennedy's support for the civil rights movement.:

246 1963 August - 200,000 demonstrators converged on the Lincoln Memorial to hear Dr. King's speech and to celebrate Kennedy's support for the civil rights movement. March on Washington

Member of SNCC, became leader during Nashville Sit-ins:

247 Member of SNCC, became leader during Nashville Sit-ins Diane Nash

One-time street hustler, converted to a Black Muslim while in prison. At first urged Blacks to seize their freedom by any means necessary, but later changed position and advocated racial harmony. He was assassinated in February, 1965. NATION OF ISLAM:

248 One-time street hustler, converted to a Black Muslim while in prison. At first urged Blacks to seize their freedom by any means necessary, but later changed position and advocated racial harmony. He was assassinated in February, 1965. NATION OF ISLAM Malcolm X

In 1966, as chair of SNCC, he called to assert Black Power. Supporting the Black Panthers, he was against integration.:

249 In 1966, as chair of SNCC, he called to assert Black Power. Supporting the Black Panthers, he was against integration. Stokely Carmichael

Led by Bobby Seale and Huey Newton, they believed that racism was an inherent part of the U.S. capitalist society and were militant, self-styled revolutionaries for Black Power.:

250 Led by Bobby Seale and Huey Newton, they believed that racism was an inherent part of the U.S. capitalist society and were militant, self-styled revolutionaries for Black Power. Black Panthers

A marine biologist, she WROTE SILENT SPRING in 1962. It addressed her concerns on the environmental hazards of pesticides, bringing attention to the environment. "MOTHER OF MODERN CONSERVATION MOVEMENT" :

251 A marine biologist, she WROTE S ILENT SPRING in 1962. It addressed her concerns on the environmental hazards of pesticides, bringing attention to the environment. "MOTHER OF MODERN CONSERVATION MOVEMENT" Rachel Carson

Feminist who published The Feminine Mystique, in 1963, helping to launch the modern women’s movement.  She spoke to many educated women who supported her indictment of the boredom of a housewife.:

252 Feminist who published The Feminine Mystique, in 1963, helping to launch the modern women’s movement.  She spoke to many educated women who supported her indictment of the boredom of a housewife. Betty Freidan

Nashville and Country music (2):

253 Nashville and Country music (2) Grand Ole Opry, WSM Radio

Tennessee Music Industry:

254 Tennessee Music Industry Elvis Presley and Memphis Sun Recording Studio, Graceland

Began after Russia launched 1st satellite Sputnik in 1957Competition in space exploration and science. Soviets gained edge at first. NASA formed to win Space Race:

255 Began after Russia launched 1st satellite Sputnik in 1957Competition in space exploration and science. Soviets gained edge at first. NASA formed to win Space Race Space Race

Senator of South Carolina in 1950’s and 1960’s (became a Dixiecrat):

256 Senator of South Carolina in 1950’s and 1960’s (became a Dixiecrat) Strom Thurmond

June 17, 1972 - five men arrested for breaking into the Democratic National Committee's executive quarters. Two White House aides were indicted; they quit, Senate hearing began in May, 1973, Nixon admitted to complicity in the burglary. In July, 1974, Nixon's impeachment began, so he resigned.:

257 June 17, 1972 - five men arrested for breaking into the Democratic National Committee's executive quarters. Two White House aides were indicted; they quit, Senate hearing began in May, 1973, Nixon admitted to complicity in the burglary. In July, 1974, Nixon's impeachment began, so he resigned. Watergate Scandal

ruling that a defendant in a felony trial MUST BE PROVIDED A LAWYER FREE OF CHARGE (6th Amendment) if defendant cannot afford one.:

258 ruling that a defendant in a felony trial MUST BE PROVIDED A LAWYER FREE OF CHARGE (6 th Amendment) if defendant cannot afford one. Gideon v. Wainwright-1963

Supreme Court decision that sets GUIDELINES FOR POLICE QUESTIONING of accused persons to protect them against self-incrimination and to protect their right to counsel.:

259 Supreme Court decision that sets GUIDELINES FOR POLICE QUESTIONING of accused persons to protect them against self-incrimination and to protect their right to counsel. Miranda v. Arizona –1966

abortion is legal (WOMEN’S RIGHT TO CHOOSE) in the 1st trimester, states can regulate it in the 2nd (to protect the mother's health), and states can forbid it in the 3rd (to protect the fetus during the third trimester).:

260 abortion is legal (WOMEN’S RIGHT TO CHOOSE) in the 1st trimester, states can regulate it in the 2nd (to protect the mother's health), and states can forbid it in the 3 rd (to protect the fetus during the third trimester). Roe v. Wade – 1973

Ruled that FLORIDA RECOUNT OF PRESIDENTIAL VOTES violated 14th amendment (all voters not equally treated); recount stopped and Bush became president.:

261 Ruled that FLORIDA RECOUNT OF PRESIDENTIAL VOTES violated 14th amendment (all voters not equally treated); recount stopped and Bush became president. Bush v. Gore -2000

Walmart:

262 Walmart Sam Walton

McDonalds:

263 McDonalds Ray Kroc

Chrysler:

264 Chrysler Lee Iococca

Real Estate:

265 Real Estate Donald Trump

Amazon.com:

266 Amazon.com Jeff Bezos

Microsoft:

267 Microsoft Bill Gates

Apple /McIntosh :

268 Apple /McIntosh Steve Jobs

1980-1993 REPUBLICANS CONSERVATIVES LARGE BUDGET DEFICITS MILITARY BUILD UPS ENDED COLD WAR – 1989 FALL OF BERLIN WALL IRAN-CONTRA SCANDAL :

269 1980-1993 REPUBLICANS CONSERVATIVES LARGE BUDGET DEFICITS MILITARY BUILD UPS ENDED COLD WAR – 1989 FALL OF BERLIN WALL IRAN-CONTRA SCANDAL REAGAN & BUSH

Reagan's theory that if you cut taxes, it will spur the growth of public spending and improve the economy. It included tax breaks for the rich, "supply-side economics," and "trickle down" theory.:

270 Reagan's theory that if you cut taxes, it will spur the growth of public spending and improve the economy. It included tax breaks for the rich, "supply-side economics," and "trickle down" theory. Reaganomics

Arizona state senator from 1969 to 1974, appointed to the Arizona Court of Appeals in 1979. Reagan appointed her to the U.S. Supreme Court, making her the FIRST FEMALE JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT.:

271 Arizona state senator from 1969 to 1974, appointed to the Arizona Court of Appeals in 1979. Reagan appointed her to the U.S. Supreme Court, making her the FIRST FEMALE JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT. Sandra Day O'Connor

1993-2001 DEMOCRAT SOMEWHAT LIBERAL BALANCED BUDGET STRONG ECONOMY FOUGHT WITH CONGRESS MONICA SCANDAL :

272 1993-2001 DEMOCRAT SOMEWHAT LIBERAL BALANCED BUDGET STRONG ECONOMY FOUGHT WITH CONGRESS MONICA SCANDAL CLINTON

1994 - Bill Clinton negotiated trade agreement between the U.S., Canada and Mexico which had as its goal trade between these countries without tariffs.:

273 1994 - Bill Clinton negotiated trade agreement between the U.S., Canada and Mexico which had as its goal trade between these countries without tariffs. NAFTA – North American Free Trade Agreement