us history 1st sem final review game

1st Semester FINAL EXAM : 

1st Semester FINAL EXAM Review Game U.S. History

Name for people who moved WEST, plowed, and farmed the Great Plains?HINT – Think about their houses! : 

2 Name for people who moved WEST, plowed, and farmed the Great Plains?HINT – Think about their houses! Sod Busters

Why did people move WEST after the Civil War?Provide at least 2 reasons… : 

3 Why did people move WEST after the Civil War?Provide at least 2 reasons… GET RICH - Demand for minerals rose! New opportunities (especially immigrants and Exodusters) Cheap land from the government Homestead Act, 1862 Government land grants Government wanted west the settled Manifest destiny

public land available for settlement : 

4 public land available for settlement homestead

List 3 major improvements in technology which helped farmers who moved west after the Civil War. : 

5 List 3 major improvements in technology which helped farmers who moved west after the Civil War. Dry farming, steel plow, mechanical reaper, barbed wire,

Mining changed from placer and sluice mining to __________ : 

6 Mining changed from placer and sluice mining to __________ hydraulic mining

Name for large farms on the Great Plains that made huge profits!Usually WHEAT FARMS!They turned into big businesses? : 

7 Name for large farms on the Great Plains that made huge profits!Usually WHEAT FARMS!They turned into big businesses? Bonanza Farms

WHAT:Discovery of one of the largest silver deposits in the world ($230 million) in Virginia City, Nevada.RESULT:Encouraged people to move to Nevada! : 

8 WHAT:Discovery of one of the largest silver deposits in the world ($230 million) in Virginia City, Nevada.RESULT:Encouraged people to move to Nevada! Comstock Lode

WHATFights over land (open range) between farmers and ranchers RESULTS:Over time long drives ended and big-business ranches developed! : 

9 WHATFights over land (open range) between farmers and ranchers RESULTS:Over time long drives ended and big-business ranches developed! Range Wars

Major Indian victory Sioux led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse7th Cavalry led by general George A. CusterCalled “Custer's last stand”RESULT:Over 200 men from seventh cavalry killed : 

10 Major Indian victory Sioux led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse7th Cavalry led by general George A. CusterCalled “Custer's last stand”RESULT:Over 200 men from seventh cavalry killed Battle of the Little Big Horn, 1876

These groups took part in the Oklahoma land rush (1889)! ___________ waited for the signal during the Oklahoma rush and ___________ jumped the gun. : 

11 These groups took part in the Oklahoma land rush (1889)! ___________ waited for the signal during the Oklahoma rush and ___________ jumped the gun. Boomers/Sooners

WHAT:They grew up over night in the west providing:restaurants, laundries, hotels for minersEXAMPLE – Virginia City, Nevada : 

12 WHAT:They grew up over night in the west providing:restaurants, laundries, hotels for minersEXAMPLE – Virginia City, Nevada boomtowns

Government program that sold land to settlers for $10 fee-160 acres (1/4 mile square)-Must be 21 years of age and head of household-Must be American citizens or immigrants filed for citizenship-Must farm land for 5 yearsEFFECT:More people moved WEST! : 

13 Government program that sold land to settlers for $10 fee-160 acres (1/4 mile square)-Must be 21 years of age and head of household-Must be American citizens or immigrants filed for citizenship-Must farm land for 5 yearsEFFECT:More people moved WEST! Homestead Act, 1862

The movement of cattle by cowboys to railheads for shipment to eastern markets?Texas to KansasKansas to stockyards in ChicagoIn the stockyards they were slaughtered and their meat was packaged for shipment to consumers in the east : 

14 The movement of cattle by cowboys to railheads for shipment to eastern markets?Texas to KansasKansas to stockyards in ChicagoIn the stockyards they were slaughtered and their meat was packaged for shipment to consumers in the east Long Drive

Last major armed conflict between the Great Sioux Nation and the United StatesLater described as a "massacre" in a letter to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs : 

15 Last major armed conflict between the Great Sioux Nation and the United StatesLater described as a "massacre" in a letter to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs Battle of Wounded Knee, 1890

Because of a lack of water, farmers used innovative ways to get their crops to grow. WHAT WERE THEY CALLED? An example of these methods would be to plant drought resistant seeds deeper so that they were closer to the moisture in the ground! : 

16 Because of a lack of water, farmers used innovative ways to get their crops to grow. WHAT WERE THEY CALLED? An example of these methods would be to plant drought resistant seeds deeper so that they were closer to the moisture in the ground! dry farming techniques

Slide 17: 

17 Corn Belt

Best known leader of the Nez Perce (Pacific Northwest)a humanitarian and peacemakerfamous for resistance to against American encroachments on their landKEY:Didn’t want to be moved to a reservation in Idaho…Tried to flee to Canada! : 

18 Best known leader of the Nez Perce (Pacific Northwest)a humanitarian and peacemakerfamous for resistance to against American encroachments on their landKEY:Didn’t want to be moved to a reservation in Idaho…Tried to flee to Canada! Chief Joseph

huge Spanish ranches in the southwestowned by the rich! : 

19 huge Spanish ranches in the southwestowned by the rich! haciendas

Method used by miners in which they sprayed high pressure water to wash away dirt and rocks to expose the minerals : 

20 Method used by miners in which they sprayed high pressure water to wash away dirt and rocks to expose the minerals hydraulic mining

Vast area of grassland owned by the governmentin the west.Provided free grazing land for cattle herds : 

21 Vast area of grassland owned by the governmentin the west.Provided free grazing land for cattle herds Open Range

He (an explorer) labeled called this region the “GREAT AMERICAN DESERT” in 1819?CHANGE:By the late 1800s, this region was called the “Bread Basket” of America! : 

22 He (an explorer) labeled called this region the “GREAT AMERICAN DESERT” in 1819?CHANGE:By the late 1800s, this region was called the “Bread Basket” of America! Major Stephen Long

Boomtowns became ___________ when the mineral deposits of gold and silver were all gone! : 

23 Boomtowns became ___________ when the mineral deposits of gold and silver were all gone! ghost towns

WHAT:By 1890, there was technically no frontier left!HE ARGUED that the frontier had been like a “safety-valve” for population in the EAST.It shaped American Character-rugged-individualistic-adventurous-democratic : 

24 WHAT:By 1890, there was technically no frontier left!HE ARGUED that the frontier had been like a “safety-valve” for population in the EAST.It shaped American Character-rugged-individualistic-adventurous-democratic Frederick Jackson Turner

Volunteers in many of the western boomtowns who took the law into their own hands! : 

25 Volunteers in many of the western boomtowns who took the law into their own hands! VIGILANCE COMMITTEES

Mining changed from placer and sluice mining to __________ : 

26 Mining changed from placer and sluice mining to __________ hydraulic mining

Major invention of Joseph Glidden that changed the west by helping farmers fence off their land.It was one of the reasons the long drives ended! : 

27 Major invention of Joseph Glidden that changed the west by helping farmers fence off their land.It was one of the reasons the long drives ended! Barbed-Wire

Spanish-speaking neighborhoodsthat developed in many southwestern cities : 

28 Spanish-speaking neighborhoodsthat developed in many southwestern cities barrios

_______________ published “A Century of Dishonor” 1881 detailing the federal government’s bad record in dealing with the IndiansEFFECT:created a certain amount of sympathy for the plight of the Indians : 

29 _______________ published “A Century of Dishonor” 1881 detailing the federal government’s bad record in dealing with the IndiansEFFECT:created a certain amount of sympathy for the plight of the Indians Helen Hunt Jackson

people who move from place to place!EXAMPLE – Great Plains Indians (relied on the buffalo) : 

30 people who move from place to place!EXAMPLE – Great Plains Indians (relied on the buffalo) nomads

GOAL:The goal was to assimilate Native Americans into white culture quickly WHAT:outlawed tribal ownership of landforced 160-acre homesteads into the hands of individual Indians and their families the promise of future citizenship (after 25 years)RESULTS:stripped tribes of their land FAILED to incorporate Native Americans into U.S. society : 

31 GOAL:The goal was to assimilate Native Americans into white culture quickly WHAT:outlawed tribal ownership of landforced 160-acre homesteads into the hands of individual Indians and their families the promise of future citizenship (after 25 years)RESULTS:stripped tribes of their land FAILED to incorporate Native Americans into U.S. society Dawes Act, 1887

WHAT:The concept that the nation was meant (by god) to spread west to the Pacific.SIGNIFICANCE:People moved West!WHY:California Gold Rush, 1849First coined by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan in 1845. : 

32 WHAT:The concept that the nation was meant (by god) to spread west to the Pacific.SIGNIFICANCE:People moved West!WHY:California Gold Rush, 1849First coined by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan in 1845. Manifest Destiny

Colonel J.M. Chivington’s militia massacred some 600 Indians. The Indians thought that they were going to negotiate a peace treaty.Women were shot while praying, children were killed,and braves were tortured and mutilated : 

33 Colonel J.M. Chivington’s militia massacred some 600 Indians. The Indians thought that they were going to negotiate a peace treaty.Women were shot while praying, children were killed,and braves were tortured and mutilated Sand Creek Massacre, 1864

Gold was discovered in Sutter’s Mill in 1848 and it set off this wave of migration to the West as people went to strike it rich : 

34 Gold was discovered in Sutter’s Mill in 1848 and it set off this wave of migration to the West as people went to strike it rich California Gold Rush

Slide 35: 

35 Wheat Belt

More people moved here after the Civil War and the Homestead Act (1862). It was originally called the “GREAT AMERICAN DESERT” by Major Stephen Long (an explorer) CHANGE:By the late 1800s, it was called the “Bread Basket” of America! : 

36 More people moved here after the Civil War and the Homestead Act (1862). It was originally called the “GREAT AMERICAN DESERT” by Major Stephen Long (an explorer) CHANGE:By the late 1800s, it was called the “Bread Basket” of America! The Great Plains

Slide 37: 

37 Cotton Belt

The Great Plains became both the “Bread Basket” of America and it is where the ________ Belt is found? : 

38 The Great Plains became both the “Bread Basket” of America and it is where the ________ Belt is found? Wheat (Belt)

Name for African American cavalry soldiers9th and 10th U.S. Cavalry : 

39 Name for African American cavalry soldiers9th and 10th U.S. Cavalry Buffalo Soldiers

He is credited with being the first to drill for oil in the United States.drilled first oil well in Pennsylvania, 1859 : 

40 He is credited with being the first to drill for oil in the United States.drilled first oil well in Pennsylvania, 1859 Edwin Drake

INVENTEDPhonograph, Light bulb, Video Camera, General Electric (GE) over 1,000 patents to his name! : 

41 INVENTEDPhonograph, Light bulb, Video Camera, General Electric (GE) over 1,000 patents to his name! Thomas Edison

Another name for oil?? : 

42 Another name for oil?? BLACK GOLD!

people who risk their capital (money) to run a business : 

43 people who risk their capital (money) to run a business Entrepreneurs

Shift from making goods by hand to making them with machinesShift from human and animal power to steam and electricityRESULT: More goods could be produced faster! : 

44 Shift from making goods by hand to making them with machinesShift from human and animal power to steam and electricityRESULT: More goods could be produced faster! Industrial Revolution

How did high tariffs help American businesses? : 

45 How did high tariffs help American businesses? They protected them (made foreign goods higher priced)!

He developed the…telephoneLED TO: American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T) : 

46 He developed the…telephoneLED TO: American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T) Alexander Graham Bell

HE DEVELOPED THE…Airbrake (railroads), AC (alternating current), AND early attempts at hydroelectric power : 

47 HE DEVELOPED THE…Airbrake (railroads), AC (alternating current), AND early attempts at hydroelectric power George Westinghouse

WHAT: Trans-Atlantic telegraph cable, 1858 & 1866RESULT: Connected U.S. and Europe! : 

48 WHAT: Trans-Atlantic telegraph cable, 1858 & 1866RESULT: Connected U.S. and Europe! Cyrus Field

total value of all goods and services produced by a country : 

49 total value of all goods and services produced by a country GNP - GDP

taxes on foreign goodsused for protectionof a countries industriesPROBLEM - countries often retaliated : 

50 taxes on foreign goodsused for protectionof a countries industriesPROBLEM - countries often retaliated tariffs

What were the sources of cheap labor in the late 1800s? : 

51 What were the sources of cheap labor in the late 1800s? Immigrants, farmers, natural population growth

List at least 3 factors that led to the growth of industry! : 

52 List at least 3 factors that led to the growth of industry! natural resources new inventions new types of energy improved communications and transportation new business organizations cheap labor

List at least one change that occurred after the Civil War in the WEST (last chapter!) : 

53 List at least one change that occurred after the Civil War in the WEST (last chapter!) Technology increased, mining, ranching, farming, people moved west, Native American’s forced on reservations

WHAT: - “leave it alone” an economic idea!No government interference in businessHANDS OFF! - (other than protection)Leave business alone so people can make profits!supply and demand will regulate wages and prices NOT GOVERNMENT! : 

54 WHAT: - “leave it alone” an economic idea!No government interference in businessHANDS OFF! - (other than protection)Leave business alone so people can make profits!supply and demand will regulate wages and prices NOT GOVERNMENT! “laissez-faire” / FREE ENTERPRISE

Impact of new technologies (give 2)?? : 

55 Impact of new technologies (give 2)?? IMPACT: improved productivity improved communication new industries and products

Slide 56: 

56

He built the Great Northern Railroad without government grants or subsidies? : 

57 He built the Great Northern Railroad without government grants or subsidies? James J. Hill

FAMOUS FOR:Railroad consolidation (New York Central)offered railway service at low ratesused steel rail - safer and economicalused standard gauge of track (width) : 

58 FAMOUS FOR:Railroad consolidation (New York Central)offered railway service at low ratesused steel rail - safer and economicalused standard gauge of track (width) Cornelius Vanderbilt

Created to make rail service safer and more reliable : 

59 Created to make rail service safer and more reliable Time zones

Company that laid track for the Transcontinental Railroad, it started in Sacramento , CA and headed eastward? Leland Stanford – ex-governor of California helped organize itUsed Chinese laborers – 6,000 (many died) : 

60 Company that laid track for the Transcontinental Railroad, it started in Sacramento , CA and headed eastward? Leland Stanford – ex-governor of California helped organize itUsed Chinese laborers – 6,000 (many died) Central Pacific Railroad

Head of the Union Pacific (Nebraska to California) corporation? : 

61 Head of the Union Pacific (Nebraska to California) corporation? Grenville Dodge

Scandalous company created by Union Pacific railroad insiders, it distributed shares of its stock to congressmen to avoid detection? : 

62 Scandalous company created by Union Pacific railroad insiders, it distributed shares of its stock to congressmen to avoid detection? Credit Mobilier

The Central Pacific Railroad paid 10,000 workers from _________ about $1.00 a day because of a shortage of labor in California (over 6,000 died working on the railroads)? : 

63 The Central Pacific Railroad paid 10,000 workers from _________ about $1.00 a day because of a shortage of labor in California (over 6,000 died working on the railroads)? China

Former governor of California, he was one of the chief financial backers of the California end of the Central Pacific railroad. He drove a ceremonial spike through the "wedding of the rails" near Promontory Point on May 10, 1869. : 

64 Former governor of California, he was one of the chief financial backers of the California end of the Central Pacific railroad. He drove a ceremonial spike through the "wedding of the rails" near Promontory Point on May 10, 1869. Leland Stanford

Successful and profitable transcontinental railroad run and built by James J. Hill (Wisconsin/ Minnesota to Washington state) that carried goods and people both east and west? DIDN”T RECEIVE ANY HELP FROM THE GOVERNMENT : 

65 Successful and profitable transcontinental railroad run and built by James J. Hill (Wisconsin/ Minnesota to Washington state) that carried goods and people both east and west? DIDN”T RECEIVE ANY HELP FROM THE GOVERNMENT Great Northern Railroad

List at least 2 effects of the Transcontinental Railroad? : 

66 List at least 2 effects of the Transcontinental Railroad? EFFECT: Tied west coast to the Union and Asian trade Railroads allowed for towns to boom Major growth in the west Reduced shipping costs

Started in 1862…finished in 1869it combined 2 lines and dramatically changed the U.S. (from 5 months to about 8 days! – NY to California) : 

67 Started in 1862…finished in 1869it combined 2 lines and dramatically changed the U.S. (from 5 months to about 8 days! – NY to California) Transcontinental Railroad

Company that laid track for the Transcontinental Railroad, it started in Omaha, Nebraska and moved westward?Irish “Paddies” helped lay track : 

68 Company that laid track for the Transcontinental Railroad, it started in Omaha, Nebraska and moved westward?Irish “Paddies” helped lay track Union Pacific Railroad

Person who puts money into a project to earn a profit?Businesses needed these people to get started and to operate! : 

69 Person who puts money into a project to earn a profit?Businesses needed these people to get started and to operate! investor

This invention helped railroads become much safer? : 

70 This invention helped railroads become much safer? Airbrake

1862 legislation to encourage the construction of a transcontinental railroad. Connecting the West to industries in the Northeast (Union Pacific and Central Pacific) : 

71 1862 legislation to encourage the construction of a transcontinental railroad. Connecting the West to industries in the Northeast (Union Pacific and Central Pacific) Pacific Railway Act

The most famously corrupt railroad owner? : 

72 The most famously corrupt railroad owner? Jay Gould

Slide 73: 

73

Type of Consolidation/integration?one company allies itself with other companies in the same industry to control that industry : 

74 Type of Consolidation/integration?one company allies itself with other companies in the same industry to control that industry Horizontal consolidation/integration

When one company controls an entire industry? : 

75 When one company controls an entire industry? MONOPOLY

business organization meant to control act like a monopolyOne company controls the stock of a majority of other companies in the same industryThat one company then makes all decisions for that industry : 

76 business organization meant to control act like a monopolyOne company controls the stock of a majority of other companies in the same industryThat one company then makes all decisions for that industry TRUSTS

WHAT: a form of business which does not create anything itselfWHAT DOES IT DO: it owns stock of companies that do produce goodsEXAMPLE: GE OWNS - RCA, NBC, MSNBC, Universal Pictures and Studios : 

77 WHAT: a form of business which does not create anything itselfWHAT DOES IT DO: it owns stock of companies that do produce goodsEXAMPLE: GE OWNS - RCA, NBC, MSNBC, Universal Pictures and Studios Holding Company

Name some use for the following?...Built their fortunes by stealing from the publicDrained natural resources, Abused and mistreated workersRockefeller, Vanderbilt, Carnegie, etc : 

78 Name some use for the following?...Built their fortunes by stealing from the publicDrained natural resources, Abused and mistreated workersRockefeller, Vanderbilt, Carnegie, etc ROBBER BARONS

combined all phases of manufacturing a product from start to finish mine the ore, ship the ore in his ships, deliver the ore on his railroads, turn the iron ore into steelEXAMPLE – Carnegie Steel : 

79 combined all phases of manufacturing a product from start to finish mine the ore, ship the ore in his ships, deliver the ore on his railroads, turn the iron ore into steelEXAMPLE – Carnegie Steel Vertical consolidation/integration

WHAT: organization of workers seeking to improve their wages, working conditions, and benefits? : 

80 WHAT: organization of workers seeking to improve their wages, working conditions, and benefits? Unions

WHAT: TrustHe formed an oil trust when smaller oil companies turned over their stock to the board of directors of Standard OilBusiness Model:Horizontal consolidationone company allies itself with other companies in the same industry to control that industryLATER LIFE:Became a philanthropist : 

81 WHAT: TrustHe formed an oil trust when smaller oil companies turned over their stock to the board of directors of Standard OilBusiness Model:Horizontal consolidationone company allies itself with other companies in the same industry to control that industryLATER LIFE:Became a philanthropist John D. Rockefeller

A group of independent producers whose goal it is to fix prices, to limit supply and to limit competition? : 

82 A group of independent producers whose goal it is to fix prices, to limit supply and to limit competition? CARTELS

WHAT: Chemical monopoly that controlled…Explosives, Gun powder, Dynamite : 

83 WHAT: Chemical monopoly that controlled…Explosives, Gun powder, Dynamite DUPONT CHEMICALS

Poor boy from Scotland, made a $1.20 a weekLargest steel maker, produced ¼ of nations steel, Company brought in $40 million a year, he got 25 million!Business model: - Vertical consolidationLATER LIFE:became a philanthropist and gave millions of dollars awaySold his company to J.P. Morgan in 1900 for $400 millionGospel of WealthLibraries (over 2,500) : 

84 Poor boy from Scotland, made a $1.20 a weekLargest steel maker, produced ¼ of nations steel, Company brought in $40 million a year, he got 25 million!Business model: - Vertical consolidationLATER LIFE:became a philanthropist and gave millions of dollars awaySold his company to J.P. Morgan in 1900 for $400 millionGospel of WealthLibraries (over 2,500) Andrew Carnegie

Name the big business…George Pullman? : 

85 Name the big business…George Pullman? Pullman sleeping car for railroads

List at least 2 tactics used against unions? : 

86 List at least 2 tactics used against unions? Scabs Lockouts Blacklists Yellow dog contracts Pinkertons Court injunctions

(1886) Labor violence in Chicago over McCormick Harvester plant, a bomb killed 7 police officers RESULT:Knights of Labor blamed and lost membership : 

87 (1886) Labor violence in Chicago over McCormick Harvester plant, a bomb killed 7 police officers RESULT:Knights of Labor blamed and lost membership Haymarket Square Incident

1877…It was caused by a wage cut and it shut down 2/3 of railroads,Rutherford B. Hayes sent in federal troops to end the strike resulting in over 100 dead? : 

88 1877…It was caused by a wage cut and it shut down 2/3 of railroads,Rutherford B. Hayes sent in federal troops to end the strike resulting in over 100 dead? Great Railroad Strike (1877)

Name the big business…Milton Hershey? : 

89 Name the big business…Milton Hershey? Chocolate

What were working conditions like for workers in the late 1800s?Provide 2 examples… : 

90 What were working conditions like for workers in the late 1800s?Provide 2 examples… PROBLEMS: Terrible conditionslong hours, low pay, dangerous working conditions, few safety mechanisms, no health care or benefit

Led by Samuel Gompersskilled workers onlywanted higher wages and improved working conditionsused strikes, collective bargaining, and closed shops (Businesses who could only employ unionized labor) : 

91 Led by Samuel Gompersskilled workers onlywanted higher wages and improved working conditionsused strikes, collective bargaining, and closed shops (Businesses who could only employ unionized labor) American Federation of Labor (1886)

WHAT: Supreme Court case that backed the use of court injunctions against strikes!Think Eugene…? : 

92 WHAT: Supreme Court case that backed the use of court injunctions against strikes!Think Eugene…? In re Debs (1895)

A share of ownership in a business? : 

93 A share of ownership in a business? Stock

Carnegie Steel plant near PittsburghHenry Frick (manager) cut wages by 20 percent in 1892.Frick used lockout, Pinkertons, and scabs to break the strike, major setback for union movement? : 

94 Carnegie Steel plant near PittsburghHenry Frick (manager) cut wages by 20 percent in 1892.Frick used lockout, Pinkertons, and scabs to break the strike, major setback for union movement? Homestead Strike (1892)

Name some use for the following?...Helped make the country betterBuilt businesses, Provided jobs, Founded museums and universitiesRockefeller, Vanderbilt, Carnegie, etc : 

95 Name some use for the following?...Helped make the country betterBuilt businesses, Provided jobs, Founded museums and universitiesRockefeller, Vanderbilt, Carnegie, etc CAPTAINS OF INDUSTRY

– hurt consumers!An agreement to divide the business in a given area and share the profits?Rail lines would not waste money competing against one another so they could concentrate on other areas : 

96 – hurt consumers!An agreement to divide the business in a given area and share the profits?Rail lines would not waste money competing against one another so they could concentrate on other areas POOL

Practice of members of corporate board of directors serving on the boards of multiple corporations. : 

97 Practice of members of corporate board of directors serving on the boards of multiple corporations. INTERLOCKING DIRECTORATES

1894 wage cuts and firing of workers who attempted to bargainworkers went on strike, and railroad owners linked ____________ Palace cars to mail trains It was ended by a federal court injunction! : 

98 1894 wage cuts and firing of workers who attempted to bargainworkers went on strike, and railroad owners linked ____________ Palace cars to mail trains It was ended by a federal court injunction! Pullman Strike (1894)

Name the big business…Gustavus F. Swift and Philip Armour? : 

99 Name the big business…Gustavus F. Swift and Philip Armour? meat packing/processing

He was head of American Railway Union and imprisoned for 6 months for the Pullman Strike (he turned to socialism)? : 

100 He was head of American Railway Union and imprisoned for 6 months for the Pullman Strike (he turned to socialism)? Eugene V. Debs

WHAT: business owned by many investors (stockholders) who buy shares of stock and risk only the amount of their investment.WHY:Businesses are expensive to start and maintain!Reduce the potential loss if a business fails! : 

101 WHAT: business owned by many investors (stockholders) who buy shares of stock and risk only the amount of their investment.WHY:Businesses are expensive to start and maintain!Reduce the potential loss if a business fails! Corporations

A new process to make steelremoved impurities from iron by shooting hot air through it!lighter, stronger, cheaper steel!It mass production possible : 

102 A new process to make steelremoved impurities from iron by shooting hot air through it!lighter, stronger, cheaper steel!It mass production possible Bessemer Process

WHAT: wealthy Wall Street bankerpurchased Andrew Carnegie’s steel company for nearly $400 millionused it to form the U.S. Steel Corporation in 1901.First billion dollar corporation (1.4 billion) : 

103 WHAT: wealthy Wall Street bankerpurchased Andrew Carnegie’s steel company for nearly $400 millionused it to form the U.S. Steel Corporation in 1901.First billion dollar corporation (1.4 billion) J. P. Morgan

Name the big business…Cyrus McCormick ? : 

104 Name the big business…Cyrus McCormick ? mechanical reapers

Led by Terence PowderlyIncluded African Americans and women Used boycotts and arbitration (negotiating with help) : 

105 Led by Terence PowderlyIncluded African Americans and women Used boycotts and arbitration (negotiating with help) Knights of Labor (1869)

Slide 106: 

106

New ImmigrantsWhere were they from? : 

107 New ImmigrantsWhere were they from? Southern and Eastern Europe

Old ImmigrantsWhere were they from? : 

108 Old ImmigrantsWhere were they from? Northern and Western Europe – Irish and Germans

Cheapest accommodations on a ship, often where immigrants stayed aboard ships on the voyage from Europe? : 

109 Cheapest accommodations on a ship, often where immigrants stayed aboard ships on the voyage from Europe? steerage

Belief that became common in America in the late 1800's that immigrants are inferior and should not be allowed into the U.S. : 

110 Belief that became common in America in the late 1800's that immigrants are inferior and should not be allowed into the U.S. nativism

In New York Harbor, an immigration station that served as a processing center for many immigrants in 1892Immigrants had to pass doctor for inspection and were marked with letters of problems, if failed inspection they were sent back to Europe. : 

111 In New York Harbor, an immigration station that served as a processing center for many immigrants in 1892Immigrants had to pass doctor for inspection and were marked with letters of problems, if failed inspection they were sent back to Europe. Ellis Island

Journalist who noticed the diversity in New York City and compared it to zebra stripes on a map (ethnic neighborhoods)In 1890, he wrote How the Other Half Lives, which documented slum conditions and help expose some of the problems in cities : 

112 Journalist who noticed the diversity in New York City and compared it to zebra stripes on a map (ethnic neighborhoods)In 1890, he wrote How the Other Half Lives, which documented slum conditions and help expose some of the problems in cities Jacob Riis

Immigration processing station in the San Francisco bay for Asian immigrants. : 

113 Immigration processing station in the San Francisco bay for Asian immigrants. Angel Island

Passed in 1882, it banned Chinese immigration in U.S. for a total of 40 years because the United States thought of them as a threat. It caused the Chinese population in America to decrease. : 

114 Passed in 1882, it banned Chinese immigration in U.S. for a total of 40 years because the United States thought of them as a threat. It caused the Chinese population in America to decrease. Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882

Louis Sullivan helped design these in Chicago and they allowed cities to grow upward! They were also made possible because of the Bessemer Process. : 

115 Louis Sullivan helped design these in Chicago and they allowed cities to grow upward! They were also made possible because of the Bessemer Process. skyscrapers

A building in which several families rent rooms or apartments, often with little sanitation or safety.Many immigrant stayed in these and they were often quite run down? : 

116 A building in which several families rent rooms or apartments, often with little sanitation or safety.Many immigrant stayed in these and they were often quite run down? tenement

A well organized, unofficial political organization in a city that controls election results by awarding jobs and other favors in exchange for votes. It was usually headed by a single, powerful boss? : 

117 A well organized, unofficial political organization in a city that controls election results by awarding jobs and other favors in exchange for votes. It was usually headed by a single, powerful boss? political machine

getting money through dishonest or questionable meansCommon in the Gilded Age! : 

118 getting money through dishonest or questionable meansCommon in the Gilded Age! graft

Head of Tammany hall, NYC's powerful democratic political machine in 1868. He led a group of corrupt politicians in defrauding the city. EXAMPLE: responsible for the construction of the NY court house-actual construction cost $3million. -projected cost tax payers $13million. Brought down with the help of political cartoonist Thomas Nast? : 

119 Head of Tammany hall, NYC's powerful democratic political machine in 1868. He led a group of corrupt politicians in defrauding the city. EXAMPLE: responsible for the construction of the NY court house-actual construction cost $3million. -projected cost tax payers $13million. Brought down with the help of political cartoonist Thomas Nast? William “Boss”Tweed

The term coined by Mark Twain for the late 1800's because it seemed on the outside that everything was going well, but underneath there was a lot of corruption?-growing gap between rich and poor-corruption in politics and business-increased urbanization : 

120 The term coined by Mark Twain for the late 1800's because it seemed on the outside that everything was going well, but underneath there was a lot of corruption?-growing gap between rich and poor-corruption in politics and business-increased urbanization Gilded Age

It stressed personality, uniqueness, genius, and the fullest development of capabilities and talentsNo matter how humble your origins, with hard work you could rise up and go from “rags to riches” : 

121 It stressed personality, uniqueness, genius, and the fullest development of capabilities and talentsNo matter how humble your origins, with hard work you could rise up and go from “rags to riches” individualism

It applied Darwin's theory of natural selection and "survival of the fittest" to human society –- the poor are poor because they are not as fit to survive. used as an argument against social reforms to help the poor. : 

122 It applied Darwin's theory of natural selection and "survival of the fittest" to human society –- the poor are poor because they are not as fit to survive. used as an argument against social reforms to help the poor. Social Darwinism

Belief that those blessed with great wealth earned it through Darwinist competition but also were obligated to improve society and mankind through philanthropy.Followed by Andrew Carnegie and others? : 

123 Belief that those blessed with great wealth earned it through Darwinist competition but also were obligated to improve society and mankind through philanthropy.Followed by Andrew Carnegie and others? Gospel of Wealth

The desire to promote the welfare of others, expressed esp. by the generous donation of money to good causes.Giving back to society? : 

124 The desire to promote the welfare of others, expressed esp. by the generous donation of money to good causes.Giving back to society? philanthropy

Community-service centers that were founded in the late 1800s to offer educational opportunities, skills training, and cultural events to impoverished neighborhoods?Think Jane Addams and Hull House! : 

125 Community-service centers that were founded in the late 1800s to offer educational opportunities, skills training, and cultural events to impoverished neighborhoods?Think Jane Addams and Hull House! settlement houses

Founded Hull House (a settlement house) in Chicago in 1889.It provided services to the community? : 

126 Founded Hull House (a settlement house) in Chicago in 1889.It provided services to the community? Jane Addams

Formed out of the farmer's alliances in order to gain more political power for farmers, it’s agenda included: a graduated income tax, direct election of senators, free coinage of silver, government regulation of industries, 8 hour workdays, and the Subtreasury system. They believed that progress should continue but should be more for the needs of the people. : 

127 Formed out of the farmer's alliances in order to gain more political power for farmers, it’s agenda included: a graduated income tax, direct election of senators, free coinage of silver, government regulation of industries, 8 hour workdays, and the Subtreasury system. They believed that progress should continue but should be more for the needs of the people. Populism

Paper money issued by the federal government during the Civil War, and not backed by either gold or silver.You could not exchange it for gold or silver! : 

128 Paper money issued by the federal government during the Civil War, and not backed by either gold or silver.You could not exchange it for gold or silver! greenbacks

increased prices for goods and services combined with the reduced value of money : 

129 increased prices for goods and services combined with the reduced value of money inflation

A decline in general price levels, often caused by a reduction in the supply of money or credit? : 

130 A decline in general price levels, often caused by a reduction in the supply of money or credit? deflation

Bitter fight over economic interests. William McKinley (Republican): support for gold standard and high tariffsWilliam Jennings Bryan (Democrat/Populist): unlimted silver coinage. RESULT: McKinley defeated Bryan, causing collapse of the Populist Party : 

131 Bitter fight over economic interests. William McKinley (Republican): support for gold standard and high tariffsWilliam Jennings Bryan (Democrat/Populist): unlimted silver coinage. RESULT: McKinley defeated Bryan, causing collapse of the Populist Party Election of 1896

Something a person is required to pay before he or she is allowed to vote. They were used in many southern states after the Reconstruction period to restrict African American citizens' right to vote. : 

132 Something a person is required to pay before he or she is allowed to vote. They were used in many southern states after the Reconstruction period to restrict African American citizens' right to vote. poll tax

the separation or isolation of a race, class, or group : 

133 the separation or isolation of a race, class, or group segregation

The "separate but equal" segregation laws state and local governments enacted in the southern and border states of the U.S.?Enforced between 1876 and 1965? : 

134 The "separate but equal" segregation laws state and local governments enacted in the southern and border states of the U.S.?Enforced between 1876 and 1965? Jim Crow Laws

An 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal.It made “separate but equal” legal : 

135 An 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal.It made “separate but equal” legal Plessy v. Ferguson

An African American civil rights advocate and an early women's rights advocate active in the woman suffrage movement. She was fearless in her opposition to lynching's, she pushed for an anti-lynching bill. : 

136 An African American civil rights advocate and an early women's rights advocate active in the woman suffrage movement. She was fearless in her opposition to lynching's, she pushed for an anti-lynching bill. Ida B. Wells

Washington was an African-American leader and the first principal of Tuskegee Institute ( 1881). Washington adopted a moderate approach in addressing racism and segregation, urging his fellow blacks to learn vocational skills and strive for gradual improvements in their social, political, and economic status. : 

137 Washington was an African-American leader and the first principal of Tuskegee Institute ( 1881). Washington adopted a moderate approach in addressing racism and segregation, urging his fellow blacks to learn vocational skills and strive for gradual improvements in their social, political, and economic status. Booker T. Washington

Du Bois was the African-American leader most opposed to the gradual approach of achieving equal rights presented by Booker T. Washington. Du Bois advocated immediate equal educational opportunities for blacks. : 

138 Du Bois was the African-American leader most opposed to the gradual approach of achieving equal rights presented by Booker T. Washington. Du Bois advocated immediate equal educational opportunities for blacks. W.E.B. Du Bois