apus unit 4 main chp 8 - monroe - era of good feelings 2010-2011

Master Review Unit 4 : 

Master Review Unit 4 A.P. U.S. History

Shaping a New Nation 1789-1824 : 

2 Shaping a New Nation 1789-1824 Presidents: Washington Adams Jefferson Madison Monroe

Results of War of 1812 : 

3 Results of War of 1812 Gave Americans a feeling of national pride (inspired nationalism) and new respect The War of 1812 had cut off America’s access to British manufactured goods forced the U.S. to develop the means to produce goods on its own (economic independence) OTHERS: closer ties to British; Federalist Party died; nullification issue (brought up again); Native Americans lose more land, new war heroes,

James Monroe : 

4 James Monroe James Monroe – 5th President (2 Terms) PARTY – Democratic-Republican Trivia Last president to have served as a Revolutionary War officer! Last of the Cocked Hats… The first wedding (Samuel Gouvernneur and Maria Monroe) at the White House during his tenure! Election of 1816 – James Monroe v. Rufus King (last Federalist to run)=big victory for Monroe! Landmark Supreme Court Cases (John Marshall continues to expand the power of the federal government)! McCulloch v. Maryland – (states can’t tax federal gov. or restrict its powers - 2nd Nat. Bank is constitutional) Cohens v. Virginia Gibbens v. Ogden Fletcher v. Peck Dartmouth College v. Woodward – (about contracts – business contracts will be respected) Era of Good Feelings! Madison’s tour of the country helped give him perspective. Federalist Party dead after Hartford Convention New England (federalist territory) was happier as industry grew before and after the War of 1812! The U.S. was more self-sufficient! Industrialism – the good v. the bad Good – Francis Cabot Lowel and more charitable owners (clean living quarters, decent wage, evening educational lectures, mostly local farm girls) Bad – Greedy owners who provided run down homes, and paid with credit for the factory store (kids paid w/ food). They basically became slaves! American System – goal to improve infrastructure! Pushed by Henry Clay w/help from John C. Calhoun WANTED: tariff for protection of U.S. manufacturing WANTED: revenue from tariff to be used for infrastructure like roads and canals WANTED: to strengthen the national bank RESULT – got 2 out of 3, Madison thought it constitutional to use federal money to build infrastructure! Tariff of 1816 (hey what are the purpose of tariffs?) – first true protective tariff (higher than previous tariffs)! 2nd National Bank – chartered in 1816 after 1st charter ran out, it HAD MORE POWER (helped make loans to support growth of industry) The National Road (Cumberland Road) – Eventually became first highway built by federal gov. but… that’s later! Madison vetoed a bill to extend Cumberland Road, but during his 2nd term, we went from 100 miles of canals to 1,000 (allowed western farmers to get goods to eastern markets)! BIG TREND – Growth in regionalism or sectionalism! WHY? NE=manufacturing, business (wanted high tariffs for manufactured goods, not on raw materials) WEST=farming (wanted low tariffs for manufactured goods, and high prices for raw materials) SOUTH=plantation farming w/slaves (worried new western states could vote against slavery, taking it away)! ALL OF THEM – worried about who had most power in congress (think - Connecticut Compromise)! Rush-Bagot Treaty, 1817 treaty between the U.S. and Great Britain (which controlled Canada) provided for the mutual disarmament of the Great Lakes later expanded into an unarmed Canada/U.S. border. Treaty of 1818 Defined the 49th parallel as the boundary between the U.S. and Canada Becomes the largest demilitarized border in the world. Provided a ten year joint occupation of Oregon Country with the British Also affirmed U.S. rights to fisheries along Newfoundland and Labrador. Adams-Onis Treaty, 1819 – HOW WE GOT FLORIDA! – WHY?...Spain didn’t want a war! Madison sent Andrew Jackson to punish Indians for attacks on Georgia (Seminoles, Creeks, and fugitive slaves were attacking from Spanish owned Florida). Jackson was ambushed and then invaded Spanish Florida, burned villages, hanged offenders, and captured Pensacola (gave him control of northern Florida) Monroe and Spanish upset, but John Quincy Adams used the event to force Spain into selling us Florida (for $5 million) and giving up its claim to Oregon territory! The Panic of 1819 (ooh, I’m scared) natural post-war depression caused by overproduction and the reduced demand for goods after the war. blamed on the National Bank and caused deflation of money, unemployment, bank failures, soup kitchens, bankruptcies. RESULT: Hurt the West the most Missouri Compromise, 1820: PROBLEM – Missouri applies for statehood and starts debate about permitting slavery in new states! South worried if slavery banned in new territories, it would lose power in the federal government! North – vice versa (abolitionist sentiment growing as well) Tallmadge Amendment! - bill would have admitted Missouri with its existing slave population, would forbid new slaves and free all slave children at age 25. DIDN’T PASS IN SENATE. SOLUTION: (to avoid a civil war) add Maine as a free state, Missouri as a slave state, and ban slavery in new territories above latitude line 36’30! Henry Clay helps engineer it and becomes the “Great Compromiser”. Election of 1820 – Landslide for James Monroe over (only lost one electoral vote, in honor of Washington?) Monroe Doctrine, 1823 – SUPER INFLUENTIAL! Written by John Q. Adams, it declared: Europe should not interfere with Western Hemisphere (interference would be a threat to U.S.). New world colonies that gained independence could not be recolonized by Europe U.S. would stay out of European affairs EFFECT: at first it was a show of nationalism, later used to establish U.S. control over western hemisphere American Literature – James Fennimore Cooper (Leatherstocking Tales and The Last of the Mohicans), Washington Irving (The Legend of Sleepy Hollow) – distinctly American frontier stories OTHERS: John Jacob Astor (son of a poor German butcher, became richest man in country because of fur trade in New York City); Mason-Dixon Line became symbolic border between North and South); Sequoya (Cherokee alphabet); The South Pass (gateway through the Rockies in Wyoming, quickest route); Emma Willard (Troy Female Seminary/NY – first college for women, 1821!); American Colonization Society (established the colony of Monrovia (Liberia) to resettle freed slaves in Africa!; Medicine – William Beaumont…my stomach’s empty (studied hole in stomach from self-inflicted gunshot wound of French-Canadian trapper Alexis St. Martin)!

Trivia : 

5 Trivia WHAT: Last president to have served as a Revolutionary War officer! The first wedding (Samuel Gouvernneur and Maria Monroe) at the White House during his tenure!

Election of 1816 : 

6 Election of 1816 WHO: James Monroe v. Rufus King (last Federalist to run) RESULT: Landslide for Monroe! WHY: Federalist Party pretty much dead after the Hartford Convention!

The Election of 1820 : 

7 The Election of 1820

Era of Good Feelings : 

8 Era of Good Feelings WHAT: name for President Monroe's two terms period of strong nationalism, economic growth, and territorial expansion fewer partisan conflicts (only 1 party) WHY: Madison’s tour of the country helped give him perspective. Federalist Party dead after Hartford Convention so little conflicts New England (federalist territory) was happier as industry grew before and after the War of 1812! The U.S. was more self-sufficient! HEY: Let’s all be friends!

The Era of Good Feelings? : 

9 The Era of Good Feelings? WHAT: Feelings not so good? WHY: Heated arguments over: Tariffs National bank Internal improvements Public land sales Sectional tension over slavery

Cultural Nationalism : 

10 Cultural Nationalism WHAT: Patriotic themes infused American culture during the Era of Good Feelings! PAINTING: Gilbert Stuart “hook me up with a George Washington” Charles Wilson Peale John Trumbull WRITING: Noah Webster – Blue-backed Speller – promoted patriotism dictionary that reflected the new “American” English! 12,000 more words than other! Parson Weems – Biography of George Washington

Johnny Appleseed : 

11 Johnny Appleseed WHO: John Chapman – sold apple seedlings to people settling the frontier Myths wandering vagabond who loved nature and was peaceful to Native Americans

Economic Nationalism : 

12 Economic Nationalism WHAT: political movement to support the growth of the economy during the Era of Good Feelings Tariff of 1816 1st true protective tariff -20% on imported goods! American System – Henry Clay Protective tariff, national bank, and money for internal improvements

American System : 

13 American System WHAT: goal to improve infrastructure WHO: Henry Clay w/help from John C. Calhoun HOW: tariff for protection of U.S. manufacturing to strengthen the national bank revenue from tariff to be used for infrastructure (roads and canals) PROBLEM: Monroe (think strict construction) thought it was unconstitutional to use federal money to build infrastructure!

2nd National Bank, 1816 : 

14 2nd National Bank, 1816 WHAT: chartered in 1816 after 1st charter ran out it HAD MORE POWER helped make loans to support growth of industry

The Panic of 1819 : 

15 The Panic of 1819 WHAT: natural post-war depression (first of many) WHY: caused by overproduction and the reduced demand for goods after the war. blamed on the National Bank and caused deflation of money, unemployment, bank failures, soup kitchens, bankruptcies. RESULT: Hurt the West the most

Changes in the D-Republican Party? : 

16 Changes in the D-Republican Party? WHAT: Federalists dead Some Republicans favored the old ways (Quids) Some flip-flopped! CHANGE: D-Republican party started to favor: 2nd National Bank Large army Factions and sectionalism grew!

John Marshal’s continuing influence : 

17 John Marshal’s continuing influence WHAT: expand the power of the federal government (favored federal ofer state power) HOW: Fletcher v. Peck Martin v. Hunter’s Lease Dartmouth College v. Woodward McCulloch v. Maryland Cohens v. Virginia Gibbons v. Ogden

Fletcher v. Peck : 

18 Fletcher v. Peck When: 1810 Significance: 1st time a state law was declared unconstitutional. Since the land grant was a legal contract, it could not be repealed, even if corruption was involved. Legal contracts can not be repealed. (crooked land deal Georgia)

Martin v. Hunter’s Lease : 

19 Martin v. Hunter’s Lease WHEN: 1816 SITUATION: Denny Martin inherited land from British father Virginia had claimed the land and granted some of it to David Hunter State of Virginia backed Hunter and Martin sued Supreme Court backed Martin! SIGNIFICANCE: Supreme court has jurisdiction over state courts in cases involving constitutional rights!

Dartmouth College v. Woodward : 

20 Dartmouth College v. Woodward When: 1819 Significance: declared private corporation charters to be contracts and immune from impairment by states' legislative action It freed corporations from the states which created them.

McCulloch v. Maryland : 

21 McCulloch v. Maryland WHEN: 1819 SITUATION: Maryland was taxing the 2nd National Bank SIGNIFICANCE: upheld the power of Congress to charter a bank as a government agency (translation 2nd National Bank is constitutional) denied the state the power to tax that agency.

Cohens v. Virginia : 

22 Cohens v. Virginia When: 1821 Significance: upheld the Supreme Court's jurisdiction to review a state court's decision where the case involved breaking federal laws (lottery tickets)

Gibbons v. Ogden : 

23 Gibbons v. Ogden When: 1824 Significance: ruled that only the federal government has authority over interstate commerce. (steamboat case)

Reasons for Western Settlement : 

24 Reasons for Western Settlement Acquired Native American lands: Treaty of Greenville Battle of Tippecanoe Economic Pressure: Embargo & war led settlers to push west for new opportunities In South, soil is exhausted (need more good soil) Improved Transportation Roads, canals, steamboats, railroads Immigrants Speculators offered cheap land in the Mid-West!

Troubles w/Missouri : 

25 Troubles w/Missouri PROBLEM Missouri applies for statehood Debate about slavery in new states starts! WHY: South worried if slavery banned in new territories, it would lose power in the federal government! North – vice versa (abolitionist sentiment growing as well)

Tallmadge Amendment : 

26 Tallmadge Amendment WHAT: bill would have admitted Missouri with its existing slave population would forbid new slaves and free all slave children at age 25. PROBLEM: DIDN’T PASS IN SENATE.

Missouri Compromise, 1820 : 

27 Missouri Compromise, 1820 WHAT: SOLUTION: (to avoid a civil war) add Maine as a free state add Missouri as a slave state ban slavery in new territories above latitude line 36’30 WHO: Henry Clay helps engineer it and becomes the “Great Compromiser”. RESULT: preserved balance for 30 years!

Foreign Affairs : 

28 Foreign Affairs WHAT: Post War of 1812, the U.S. is more aggressive! Examples: Rush-Bagot Treaty of 1818 Adams-Onis Treaty Monroe Doctrine

Rush-Bagot Treaty, 1817 : 

29 Rush-Bagot Treaty, 1817 WHAT: treaty between the U.S. and Great Britain (which controlled Canada) provided for the mutual disarmament of the Great Lakes later expanded into an unarmed Canada/U.S. border.

Treaty of 1818 : 

30 Treaty of 1818 WHAT: 49th parallel is boundary between the U.S. and Canada 10 year joint occupation of Oregon Country with the British affirmed U.S. rights to fisheries along Newfoundland and Labrador TRIVIA: Becomes the largest demilitarized border in the world.

Adams-Onis Treaty, 1819 : 

31 Adams-Onis Treaty, 1819 WHAT: HOW WE GOT FLORIDA! – WHY?...Spain didn’t want a war! HOW: Monroe sent Andrew Jackson to punish Indians for attacks on Georgia Jackson was invaded Spanish Florida, burned villages, hanged offenders, and captured Pensacola (gave him control of northern Florida) RESULTS: Monroe and Spanish upset, but John Quincy Adams used the event to force Spain into selling us Florida (for $5 million) and giving up its claim to Oregon territory!

BIG TREND – Growth in regionalism or sectionalism! : 

32 BIG TREND – Growth in regionalism or sectionalism! WHY? NE=manufacturing, business (wanted high tariffs for manufactured goods, not on raw materials) WEST=farming (wanted low tariffs for manufactured goods, and high prices for raw materials) SOUTH=plantation farming w/slaves (worried new western states could vote against slavery, taking it away)! ALL OF THEM – worried about who had most power in congress (think - Connecticut Compromise)!

Election of 1820 : 

33 Election of 1820 WHAT: Landslide for James Monroe only lost one electoral vote, in honor of Washington?

Monroe Doctrine, 1823 : 

34 Monroe Doctrine, 1823 WHO: Written by John Q. Adams, it declared: WHAT: Europe should not interfere with Western Hemisphere (interference would be a threat to U.S.). New world colonies that gained independence could not be recolonized by Europe U.S. would stay out of European affairs EFFECT: at first it was a show of nationalism, later used to establish U.S. control over western hemisphere

Slide 35: 

35

Transportation Revolution : 

36 Transportation Revolution Roads: Turnpikes (Lancaster Turnpike, PA in 1790s) National Road (Cumberland Road) (construction 1811-1850) Steamboats: The Clermont, Robert Fulton Could provide faster, 2 way travel on rivers! Canals: Erie Canal – completed in NY, 1825 linked western farms with eastern cities (strong tie) Lower prices! From subsistence farming to commercial farming Railroads: 1820s-1830s Safety issues at first! They could be built anywhere! Helped develop major cities in midwest (Detroit, Cleveland, Chicago)

Revolution in transportation : 

37 Revolution in transportation Steamboat – Robert Fulton Clermont ,1807

Factory System : 

38 Factory System WHO: Samuel Slater – Father of the Factory System WHEN:1791 WHAT: Helped build 1st factory in U.S. HOW – He memorized the plans! WHERE: New England WHY: plenty of water power (rivers), good seaports (shipping), plenty of labor (farms declined)

Francis Cabot Lowell… think industry! : 

39 Francis Cabot Lowell… think industry! WHAT: opened first mechanized textile factory in U.S., 1814 good wages clean quarters hired local farm girls IMPACT: helped change New England’s focus from shipping to manufacturing (industry)

Industrialism – the good v. the bad : 

40 Industrialism – the good v. the bad GOOD Francis Cabot Lowell and more charitable owners clean living quarters, decent wage, evening educational lectures, mostly local farm girls BAD Greedy owners who provided: run down homes, and paid with credit for the factory store (kids paid w/ food). They basically became slaves!

American Literature, during the early 1800s : 

41 American Literature, during the early 1800s TREND: Distinctly American stories w/frontier character WHO: James Fennimore Cooper (Leatherstocking Tales and The Last of the Mohicans) Washington Irving (The Legend of Sleepy Hollow)

Education late 1700s : 

42 Education late 1700s Wealthy – good schools Farmers (most people) School between planting seasons Daughters less Free people of color and slaves even less! In North, churches became centers of education for free people of color In South, slaves barred from church

gerrymandering : 

43 gerrymandering WHAT: the deliberate rearrangement of the boundaries of congressional districts to influence the outcome of elections HOW: created in 1812 by Massachusetts governor Elbridge Gerry, who crafted a district for political purposes that looked like a salamander

Uncle Sam : 

44 Uncle Sam WHO: based off New York businessman Samuel Wilson who stamped beef barrels for army with U.S. To get your grade up!

Benjamin Banneker : 

45 Benjamin Banneker WHAT: Super scholar, self taught published an almanac from 1791-1802 asked Jefferson to use influence to help blacks! called on the colonists' personal experience as "slaves" of Great Britain Helped survey the new capital (Washington, D.C.)

Sports : 

46 Sports Boxing Tom Molineaux (freed slave, first to fight an English Champion, lost in 2 fights) Other sports: horse racing, bowling, rowing, and my favorite “gouging” (talk about backwoods!)

Other notables… : 

47 Other notables… John Jacob Astor: (son of a poor German butcher, became richest man in country because of fur trade in New York City Mason-Dixon Line became symbolic border between North and South Sequoya Cherokee alphabet The South Pass gateway through the Rockies in Wyoming, quickest route Emma Willard Troy Female Seminary/NY – first college-prep for women, 1821! American Colonization Society established the colony of Monrovia (Liberia) to resettle freed slaves in Africa! Medicine William Beaumont…my stomach’s empty (studied hole in stomach from self-inflicted gunshot wound of French-Canadian trapper Alexis St. Martin)!

END AMSCO Chapter 8 : 

END AMSCO Chapter 8

BIG TREND – Growth in regionalism or sectionalism!WHAT were the economies of NE, WEST, and SOUTH based on? : 

49 BIG TREND – Growth in regionalism or sectionalism!WHAT were the economies of NE, WEST, and SOUTH based on? NE=manufacturing, business (wanted high tariffs for manufactured goods, not on raw materials) WEST=farming breadbasket crops (wanted low tariffs for manufactured goods, and high prices for raw materials) SOUTH=plantation farming (cotton) w/slaves (worried new western states could vote against slavery, taking it away)! ALL OF THEM – worried about who had most power in congress (think - Connecticut Compromise)!

The National Road (Cumberland Road) : 

50 The National Road (Cumberland Road) WHAT: Road from Pennsylvania to Illinois Originally vetoed by James Madison! Eventually became first highway built by federal government… but that’s later! MADISON: During his 2nd term, Madison supported canal production went from 100 miles of canals to 1,000 (allowed western farmers to get goods to eastern markets)!

Justice Samuel Chase : 

51 Justice Samuel Chase WHO: A Federalist Supreme Court judge (Revolutionary War hero, signer of the Declaration of Independence) PROBLEM: Jefferson disagreed with his rulings and had him impeached for publicly criticizing the Jefferson administration RESULT: Chase was acquitted by the Senate, and the impeachment failed. Vicious dogs were named after him! SIGNIFICANCE: Only attempt in history to impeach a U.S. Supreme Court Justice. Set precedent…(it just doesn’t happen)

Beau Brummel : 

52 Beau Brummel “Dandyism” Considered to be the most fashionable man in the world at the time! Introduced the modern suit!...is that Armani? Took him 5 hours to dress! Supposedly polished his boots w/ champagne!