apus - unit 2 chp 6

Chapter 6 - AMSCO : 

Chapter 6 - AMSCO The Constitution

Annapolis Convention : 

Annapolis Convention WHEN: 1786 WHAT: Representatives from only 5 states showed up to discuss problems of interstate commerce RESULT: Alexander Hamilton and James Madison persuaded others to agree to meet again, in order to revise the Articles of Confederation (Constitutional Convention)

Solve the equation : 

Solve the equation Constitutional Convention

Constitutional Convention, 1787 : 

Constitutional Convention, 1787 WHEN: May 25, 1787 (17 weeks) - 9/17/1787 WHERE: Philadelphia, PA WHO: . All states except Rhode Island sent delegates (55 white males, wealthy, young, college educated) George Washington president of the convention. WHAT: produced the Constitution of the United States drafted largely by James Madison “Father of the Constitution”.

James Madison “Father” of the Constitution : 

James Madison “Father” of the Constitution

Rewrite or scrap the Articles? : 

Rewrite or scrap the Articles? Problem: Americans distrusted government Solution: Divide power so it cannot be abused! Separation of powers w/checks and balances

5 Major hurdles facing the Convention : 

5 Major hurdles facing the Convention Representation Slavery Trade (who controls?, taxes?, tariffs?) Powers and election of President Ratification

The Virginia Plan : 

The Virginia Plan WHO: Proposed by James Madison WHAT: “Large State” Plan Central government may veto all state acts Bicameral legislature Representation based on state population Chief executive appointed by Congress PROBLEM: Small states object to large-state dominance

The New Jersey Plan : 

The New Jersey Plan WHAT: “Small State” Plan unicameral (one house) legislature one vote (equal representation) Congress given greater taxing powers Articles of Confederation otherwise untouched PROBLEM: Large states represented a greater percentage of the population!

The Connecticut Compromise : 

The Connecticut Compromise Aka The “Great” Compromise Bicameral (2 house) legislature: House of Representatives – based on population of the states Senate – Equal representation Senators were chosen by state legislatures NOTE: All tax bills or revenue measures originate in the House of Representatives

Compromising with Slavery : 

Compromising with Slavery Issue of slavery threatens Convention’s unity Northerners tend to be opposed Southerners threaten to bolt if slavery weakened “Great as the evil is, a dismemberment of the Union would be worse.” -James Madison

3/5ths Compromise : 

3/5ths Compromise WHAT: Slaves counted as 3/5ths of a person for purposes of taxation and representation Slave trade guaranteed for 20 years (1808)

Commercial Compromise : 

Commercial Compromise ARGUMENT: North vs. South COMPROMISE: Congress allowed to regulate interstate and foreign trade (including tariffs on foreign imports) Congress prohibited on placing taxes on exports

Powers and election of President : 

Powers and election of President ARGUMENTS: Length of term Powers Method of election Solutions: Unlimited number of 4 year terms Considerable power right to veto acts of congress Electoral college each state got a number of electors based on it’s total # of representatives Congressional Caucus picked candidates for president until nominating conventions

Electoral College : 

Electoral College The President is elected indirectly, not directly States chose their “electors” who then voted for president. Each Elector was given two votes The person with the second highest total served as Vice President Electoral votes come from the total number of state representatives in the congress

Ratification : 

Ratification Ratification to give formal approval to something Framers worried about ratification 9 out of 13 states needed to make the Constitution official

Federalists : 

Federalists WHO: George Washington, Ben Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay People on Atlantic Coast and cities WHAT: Supported The Constitution strong federal government Well-organized Supported by most of the news media ARGUMENT: Strong government needed to maintain order!

Anti-Federalists : 

Anti-Federalists WHO: Patrick Henry, John Hancock, Sam Adams Small farmers and settlers on western frontier WHAT: opposed to the Constitution wanted to protect states’ rights and individual rights ARGUMENT: No bill of rights! Too much power in central government!

The Federalist Papers : 

The Federalist Papers WHAT: Collection of essays by John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison WHERE: published to convince New York to ratify the Constitution. ARGUMENT: explained the importance of a strong central government

Ratification : 

Ratification

Bill of Rights : 

Bill of Rights When: adopted, 1791 What: first ten amendments to the Constitution guarantee basic individual rights.

Bill of Rights : 

Bill of Rights Freedoms – religion,speech,press, assembly, petition Right to bear arms No quartering of troops No unreasonable search/siezure Due process, “Plead the 5th”,double jeopardy Speedy, public trial Right to trial by jury (in civil cases) No excessive bail, cruel punishment Any rights not listed are guaranteed Powers not delegated to federal government are RESERVED for the states

Supreme Law of the Land : 

Supreme Law of the Land Congress elected in 1788 George Washington picked as first President (April 30, 1789) Completely ratified in May of 1790

END UNIT 2 : 

END UNIT 2 AMSCO Chapters 4-6 (end pg. 102)