Unit 2 Review Game :Unit 2 Review Game AMSCO Chapters 4-6 (pg. 102)


He had been a leader of the Sons of Liberty and started the Committees of Correspondence. He was crucial in spreading the principle of colonial rights throughout New England and is credited with helping start the Boston Tea Party. :2 He had been a leader of the Sons of Liberty and started the Committees of Correspondence. He was crucial in spreading the principle of colonial rights throughout New England and is credited with helping start the Boston Tea Party. Samuel Adams Revolution/Constitution


In response to the 1765 Stamp Act, Patrick Henry persuaded the Virginia House of Burgesses to adopt several strongly worded resolutions that denied Parliament’s right to tax the colonies. This was known as ?They persuaded many other colonial legislatures to adopt similar positions. :3 In response to the 1765 Stamp Act, Patrick Henry persuaded the Virginia House of Burgesses to adopt several strongly worded resolutions that denied Parliament’s right to tax the colonies. This was known as ?They persuaded many other colonial legislatures to adopt similar positions. Virginia Resolves Revolution/Constitution


PURPOSE: raise revenue (money) WHAT: 1765 - Direct tax you had to buy and put on - legal documents, pamphlets, and advertisements (even playing cards and dice)1st direct tax:collected from those who used the goodsLed to major, organized RESISTANCE :4 PURPOSE: raise revenue (money) WHAT: 1765 - Direct tax you had to buy and put on - legal documents, pamphlets, and advertisements (even playing cards and dice)1st direct tax:collected from those who used the goodsLed to major, organized RESISTANCE Stamp Act Revolution/Constitution


Term for a two house legislature (like under the Constitution)? :5 Term for a two house legislature (like under the Constitution)? bicameral Revolution/Constitution


Creates 3-5 new territories in NorthwestPopulation of 5,000 may elect AssemblyPopulation of 60,000 may petition for statehoodBill of Rights providedSlavery outlawedOne of the few successes of the Articles of Confederation :6 Creates 3-5 new territories in NorthwestPopulation of 5,000 may elect AssemblyPopulation of 60,000 may petition for statehoodBill of Rights providedSlavery outlawedOne of the few successes of the Articles of Confederation Northwest Ordinance, 1787 Revolution/Constitution


This group picked candidates for president until nominating conventions started in 1824 :7 This group picked candidates for president until nominating conventions started in 1824 Congressional Caucus Revolution/Constitution


British gained:all French lands east of the Mississippi RiverBIG DEBT: 140,000 Pounds! – LED TO END OF SALUTARY NEGLECTColonists gained: confidence in their abilitiesOttawa Chief Pontiac’s unsuccessful rebellion Proclamation of 1763 :8 British gained:all French lands east of the Mississippi RiverBIG DEBT: 140,000 Pounds! – LED TO END OF SALUTARY NEGLECTColonists gained: confidence in their abilitiesOttawa Chief Pontiac’s unsuccessful rebellion Proclamation of 1763 Results of French and Indian War Revolution/Constitution


5 major issues during the Constitutional Convention? :9 5 major issues during the Constitutional Convention? Representation Slavery Trade (who controls?, taxes?, tariffs?) Powers and election of President Ratification Revolution/Constitution


Throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, the English government did not enforce those trade laws that most harmed the colonial economy. Purpose: ensure the loyalty of the colonists in the face of the French territorial and commercial threat in North America. The English ceased practicing it following British victory in the French and Indian War. :10 Throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, the English government did not enforce those trade laws that most harmed the colonial economy. Purpose: ensure the loyalty of the colonists in the face of the French territorial and commercial threat in North America. The English ceased practicing it following British victory in the French and Indian War. Salutary neglect Revolution/Constitution


In March 1770, a crowd of colonists protested against British customs and the presence of British troops in Boston. Violence flared, and five colonists were killed.Used as propaganda through Paul Revere’s engraving to incite anti-British sentiment. :11 In March 1770, a crowd of colonists protested against British customs and the presence of British troops in Boston. Violence flared, and five colonists were killed.Used as propaganda through Paul Revere’s engraving to incite anti-British sentiment. Boston Massacre Revolution/Constitution


1767 - This act taxed glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea entering the colonies. It was an indirect tax.PROBLEM:Money used to pay crown’s officials in coloniescrown’s officials had been paid by the colonial assembliesLED TO: Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer and Massachusetts Circular Letter :12 1767 - This act taxed glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea entering the colonies. It was an indirect tax.PROBLEM:Money used to pay crown’s officials in coloniescrown’s officials had been paid by the colonial assembliesLED TO: Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer and Massachusetts Circular Letter Townshend Duties or Act Revolution/Constitution


Changes on British policy after the French and Indian War led to troubles between Britain and its North American colonies.It lasted from the Declaration of Independence in 1776 until the Treaty of Paris in 1783. The American colonists defeated the British and won independence. :13 Changes on British policy after the French and Indian War led to troubles between Britain and its North American colonies.It lasted from the Declaration of Independence in 1776 until the Treaty of Paris in 1783. The American colonists defeated the British and won independence. Revolutionary War Revolution/Constitution


King of England from 1760 to 1820, EXERCISED A GREATER HAND IN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE AMERICAN COLONIES THAN HAD MANY OF HIS PREDECESSORS. Colonists were torn between loyalty to the king and resistance to acts carried out in his name. He REJECTED THE OLIVE BRANCH PETITION and the colonists came to see him as a tyrant. :14 King of England from 1760 to 1820, EXERCISED A GREATER HAND IN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE AMERICAN COLONIES THAN HAD MANY OF HIS PREDECESSORS. Colonists were torn between loyalty to the king and resistance to acts carried out in his name. He REJECTED THE OLIVE BRANCH PETITION and the colonists came to see him as a tyrant. King George III Revolution/Constitution


CONVENED on September 5, 1774, TO PROTEST THE INTOLERABLE ACTS. The congress endorsed the Suffolk Resolves, voted for a boycott of British imports, and sent a petition to King George III, and created “The Association” to enforce non-importation of British goods. :15 CONVENED on September 5, 1774, TO PROTEST THE INTOLERABLE ACTS. The congress endorsed the Suffolk Resolves, voted for a boycott of British imports, and sent a petition to King George III, and created “The Association” to enforce non-importation of British goods. First Continental Congress Revolution/Constitution


Approved by Congress on July 4, 1776. Drafted by Thomas Jefferson, it PROVIDED A RATIONALE FOR THE REVOLUTON; LAID OUT THE ENLIGHTENMENT VALUES (best expressed by John Locke) of natural rights to “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”; and sought to INVITE ASSISTANCE FROM THE WORLD AND COLONIES. :16 Approved by Congress on July 4, 1776. Drafted by Thomas Jefferson, it PROVIDED A RATIONALE FOR THE REVOLUTON; LAID OUT THE ENLIGHTENMENT VALUES (best expressed by John Locke) of natural rights to “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”; and sought to INVITE ASSISTANCE FROM THE WORLD AND COLONIES. Declaration of Independence Revolution/Constitution


OUTLINES THE OPERATION AND CENTRAL PRINCIPLES OF AMERICAN GOVERNMENT. As opposed to the Articles of Confederation, which it replaced, the Constitution CREATED A STRONG CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WITH BROAD JUDICIAL, LEGISLATIVE, AND EXECUTIVE POWERS, though it purposely restricted the extent of these powers through a system of CHECKS AND BALANCES. Ratified by the states in 1789. :17 OUTLINES THE OPERATION AND CENTRAL PRINCIPLES OF AMERICAN GOVERNMENT. As opposed to the Articles of Confederation, which it replaced, the Constitution CREATED A STRONG CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WITH BROAD JUDICIAL, LEGISLATIVE, AND EXECUTIVE POWERS, though it purposely restricted the extent of these powers through a system of CHECKS AND BALANCES. Ratified by the states in 1789. Constitution Revolution/Constitution


Thomas Paine published this in 1776 ARGUING THAT THE COLONISTS SHOULD FREE THEMSELVES FROM BRITISH RULE and establish an independent government based on Enlightenment ideals. It became so popular and INFLUENTIAL IN THE COLONIES that many historians credit it WITH DISSOLVING THE FINAL BARRIERS TO THE FIGHT FOR INDEPENDENCE. :18 Thomas Paine published this in 1776 ARGUING THAT THE COLONISTS SHOULD FREE THEMSELVES FROM BRITISH RULE and establish an independent government based on Enlightenment ideals. It became so popular and INFLUENTIAL IN THE COLONIES that many historians credit it WITH DISSOLVING THE FINAL BARRIERS TO THE FIGHT FOR INDEPENDENCE. Common Sense Revolution/Constitution


This radical group led colonial opposition to the Stamp Act.Formed to intimidate tax agents: burned customs houses tarred and feathered revenue officials hung and burned effigies of stamp agentsincited riotsSome leaders: Samuel Adams, Paul Revere, and John Adams :19 This radical group led colonial opposition to the Stamp Act.Formed to intimidate tax agents: burned customs houses tarred and feathered revenue officials hung and burned effigies of stamp agentsincited riotsSome leaders: Samuel Adams, Paul Revere, and John Adams Sons of Liberty Revolution/Constitution


Adopted in 1777 during the Revolutionary War, they established the United States of America. They GRANTED LIMITED POWERS TO THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT, reserving most powers for the states. The federal government could not levy taxes, regulate commerce, or enforce laws. The Constitution replaced them in 1789. :20 Adopted in 1777 during the Revolutionary War, they established the United States of America. They GRANTED LIMITED POWERS TO THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT, reserving most powers for the states. The federal government could not levy taxes, regulate commerce, or enforce laws. The Constitution replaced them in 1789. Articles of Confederation Revolution/Constitution


He published Common Sense in 1776, urging Americans that it was only “common sense” that a small country with a tyrannical king so far away should rule the colonies (helped spark the Revolutionary War). :21 He published Common Sense in 1776, urging Americans that it was only “common sense” that a small country with a tyrannical king so far away should rule the colonies (helped spark the Revolutionary War). Thomas Paine Revolution/Constitution


After the French and Indian War, colonists began moving westward and settling on Indian land. A large number of Indian tribes banded together under the Ottawa chief __________ to keep the colonists from taking over their land. _______________________ led to Britain’s Proclamation of 1763, which stated that colonists could not settle west of the Appalachian Mountains :22 After the French and Indian War, colonists began moving westward and settling on Indian land. A large number of Indian tribes banded together under the Ottawa chief __________ to keep the colonists from taking over their land. _______________________ led to Britain’s Proclamation of 1763, which stated that colonists could not settle west of the Appalachian Mountains Pontiac, Pontiac’s Rebellion Revolution/Constitution


General search warrants that allowed British customs officers to search any colonial building or ship that they believed might contain smuggled goods, even without probable cause. UPSET THE COLONISTS. :23 General search warrants that allowed British customs officers to search any colonial building or ship that they believed might contain smuggled goods, even without probable cause. UPSET THE COLONISTS. Writs of Assistance Revolution/Constitution


It was presented to the Constitutional Convention and proposed the creation of a bicameral legislature with representation in both houses proportional to population. It favored the large states, which would have a much greater voice. :24 It was presented to the Constitutional Convention and proposed the creation of a bicameral legislature with representation in both houses proportional to population. It favored the large states, which would have a much greater voice. Virginia Plan Revolution/Constitution


BIG PICTURE: It ended the Revolutionary War Britain recognized the U. S. as independentThe Mississippi River is new western boundary of the U.S.A.Americans got fishing rights off of the coast of CanadaAmericans would pay debts owed to British merchants and give back Loyalist property seized during the war :25 BIG PICTURE: It ended the Revolutionary War Britain recognized the U. S. as independentThe Mississippi River is new western boundary of the U.S.A.Americans got fishing rights off of the coast of CanadaAmericans would pay debts owed to British merchants and give back Loyalist property seized during the war Treaty of Paris (1783) Revolution/Constitution


They were colonists who disagreed with the move for independence and did not support the Revolution. Instead they supported the British. Made up about 1/3 of the colonists. :26 They were colonists who disagreed with the move for independence and did not support the Revolution. Instead they supported the British. Made up about 1/3 of the colonists. Tories, loyalists Revolution/Constitution


WHAT:Slaves counted as 3/5ths of a person for purposes of taxation and representationSlave trade guaranteed for 20 years (1808)SIGNIFICANCE: It helped resolve the debate over slavery and representation during the Constitutional Convention :27 WHAT:Slaves counted as 3/5ths of a person for purposes of taxation and representationSlave trade guaranteed for 20 years (1808)SIGNIFICANCE: It helped resolve the debate over slavery and representation during the Constitutional Convention Three-fifths Compromise Revolution/Constitution


When: 1773What:Made British tea the cheapest available (cheaper than smuggled tea)Gave British East India Co. monopoly on tea tradeMade it illegal to buy non-British teaForced 3 cent tea tax :28 When: 1773What:Made British tea the cheapest available (cheaper than smuggled tea)Gave British East India Co. monopoly on tea tradeMade it illegal to buy non-British teaForced 3 cent tea tax Tea Act Revolution/Constitution


WHO: Prime Minister George GrenvillePurpose: to raise money for the crown for defensestricter enforcement of Navigation Actsaimed to stop smugglingWhat: dropped existing tax on foreign-produced sugar to 3 pence, but led to strict enforcementencouraged use of vice-admiralty courts :29 WHO: Prime Minister George GrenvillePurpose: to raise money for the crown for defensestricter enforcement of Navigation Actsaimed to stop smugglingWhat: dropped existing tax on foreign-produced sugar to 3 pence, but led to strict enforcementencouraged use of vice-admiralty courts Sugar Act Revolution/Constitution


WHERE:MassachusettsWHAT:declared that the colonies need not obey the 1774 Coercive Acts, since they infringed upon basic liberties. RESULT:Endorsed by the First Continental Congress :30 WHERE:MassachusettsWHAT:declared that the colonies need not obey the 1774 Coercive Acts, since they infringed upon basic liberties. RESULT:Endorsed by the First Continental Congress Suffolk Resolves Revolution/Constitution


In 1781, French and American forces encircled and trapped British General Cornwallis’s army, forcing surrender of 8,000 troops.IT ENDED THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR! :31 In 1781, French and American forces encircled and trapped British General Cornwallis’s army, forcing surrender of 8,000 troops.IT ENDED THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR! Battle of Yorktown Revolution/Constitution


WHERE: Met in PhiladelphiaWHAT:Declaration of the Causes and Necessities for Taking Up Arms:George Washington (political pick, why?) named Commander-in-Chief of a new colonial armyAmerican Navy and Marine Corps. organizedISSUED:Olive Branch Petition July, 1775 final offer of peace to Britain, agreeing to be loyal to the British government if it addressed their grievances Ultimately, issued the Declaration of Independence :32 WHERE: Met in PhiladelphiaWHAT:Declaration of the Causes and Necessities for Taking Up Arms:George Washington (political pick, why?) named Commander-in-Chief of a new colonial armyAmerican Navy and Marine Corps. organizedISSUED:Olive Branch Petition July, 1775 final offer of peace to Britain, agreeing to be loyal to the British government if it addressed their grievances Ultimately, issued the Declaration of Independence Second Continental Congress Revolution/Constitution


What: 1765 - ordered colonial assemblies to provide food (beer), candles, and living quarters for British soldiers stationed in the coloniesPublic buildings (taverns, village greens)EFFECT:created resentment :33 What: 1765 - ordered colonial assemblies to provide food (beer), candles, and living quarters for British soldiers stationed in the coloniesPublic buildings (taverns, village greens)EFFECT:created resentment Quartering Act Revolution/Constitution


WHO:Patrick Henry, John Hancock, Sam AdamsSmall farmers and settlers on western frontierWHAT:opposed to the Constitutionwanted to protect states’ rights and individual rightsARGUMENT:No bill of rights!Too much power in central government! :34 WHO:Patrick Henry, John Hancock, Sam AdamsSmall farmers and settlers on western frontierWHAT:opposed to the Constitutionwanted to protect states’ rights and individual rightsARGUMENT:No bill of rights!Too much power in central government! Anti-Federalists Revolution/Constitution


Vigilante groups active in the 1760s and 1770s in the western parts of North and South Carolina. In South Carolina they attempted to rid the area of outlaws; the North Carolina they sought to protect themselves against excessively high taxes and court costs. in both cases, westerners lacked sufficient representation in the legislature to obtain immediate redress of their grievances. :35 Vigilante groups active in the 1760s and 1770s in the western parts of North and South Carolina. In South Carolina they attempted to rid the area of outlaws; the North Carolina they sought to protect themselves against excessively high taxes and court costs. in both cases, westerners lacked sufficient representation in the legislature to obtain immediate redress of their grievances. Regulator Movement Revolution/Constitution


The Federalists argued that a Bill of rights would only _________ peoples actual rights. :36 The Federalists argued that a Bill of rights would only _________ peoples actual rights. limit Revolution/Constitution


Originally planning to discuss the promotion of interstate commerce, delegates from five states met at here in September 1786 and ended up SUGGESTING A CONVENTION TO AMEND THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION. :37 Originally planning to discuss the promotion of interstate commerce, delegates from five states met at here in September 1786 and ended up SUGGESTING A CONVENTION TO AMEND THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION. Annapolis Convention Revolution/Constitution


Presented at the Constitutional Convention as an alternative to the Virginia Plan. It favored small states in that it proposed a unicameral congress with equal representation for each state. :38 Presented at the Constitutional Convention as an alternative to the Virginia Plan. It favored small states in that it proposed a unicameral congress with equal representation for each state. New Jersey Plan Revolution/Constitution


Helped start the French and Indian War, and surrendered Fort Necessity to the French. LATER was appointed commander-in-chief of the continental army and eventually president of the Constitutional Convention. :39 Helped start the French and Indian War, and surrendered Fort Necessity to the French. LATER was appointed commander-in-chief of the continental army and eventually president of the Constitutional Convention. George Washington Revolution/Constitution


Slide 40:40 Albany Plan of Union Revolution/Constitution


Solved the problem of how a president would be elected (created during the Constitutional Convention). States represented by total number of representatives in Congress. :41 Solved the problem of how a president would be elected (created during the Constitutional Convention). States represented by total number of representatives in Congress. Electoral College Revolution/Constitution


2000 soldier force was defeated by smaller French and Indian army near Fort Duquesne (George Washington was a volunteer)72 French, 146 Canadians, and 637 Indians killed or wounded 977 of the 1,850 British forces :42 2000 soldier force was defeated by smaller French and Indian army near Fort Duquesne (George Washington was a volunteer)72 French, 146 Canadians, and 637 Indians killed or wounded 977 of the 1,850 British forces Braddock’s Blunder Revolution/Constitution


Terms of president last _____ years. :43 Terms of president last _____ years. four Revolution/Constitution


Under the Constitution, presidents have considerable power. What major power due presidents hold over congress and their legislation? :44 Under the Constitution, presidents have considerable power. What major power due presidents hold over congress and their legislation? veto Revolution/Constitution


This Prime Minister helped Britain win the French and Indian War by capturing the fortress of Lewisburg and the cities of Quebec and Montreal (invading Canada)? :45 This Prime Minister helped Britain win the French and Indian War by capturing the fortress of Lewisburg and the cities of Quebec and Montreal (invading Canada)? William Pitt Revolution/Constitution


Father of the Consitution; took care of recording; proposed Virginia Plan; authored much of the Bill of Rights? :46 Father of the Consitution; took care of recording; proposed Virginia Plan; authored much of the Bill of Rights? James Madison Revolution/Constitution


A mob of Pennsylvania frontiersmen who massacred a group of non-hostile Indians (1763).Resented paying taxes to distant government that provided few benefitsEasterners viewed the west as a backwoods! :47 A mob of Pennsylvania frontiersmen who massacred a group of non-hostile Indians (1763).Resented paying taxes to distant government that provided few benefitsEasterners viewed the west as a backwoods! Paxton Boys Revolution/Constitution


Major weaknesses of Articles of Confederation (3 major)? :48 Major weaknesses of Articles of Confederation (3 major)? Couldn’t regulate trade Couldn’t collect taxes! No power to enforce laws! 9 out of 13 votes needed to pass laws (unanimous vote to amend) Revolution/Constitution


WHAT:British prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian mountains:To stabilize the western frontier To not antagonize the IndiansEFFECT:angered the colonistswanted to reap the benefits in western landsColonists defied the imaginary boundary line and moved west! :49 WHAT:British prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian mountains:To stabilize the western frontier To not antagonize the IndiansEFFECT:angered the colonistswanted to reap the benefits in western landsColonists defied the imaginary boundary line and moved west! Proclamation of 1763 Revolution/Constitution


Prussian (German) who helped train American troops at Valley Forge? Drilled Continental ArmyWhipped them into shape (39-100 lashes) :50 Prussian (German) who helped train American troops at Valley Forge? Drilled Continental ArmyWhipped them into shape (39-100 lashes) Baron von Steuben Revolution/Constitution


1786-1787 - Conflict in Massachusetts caused many to criticize the Articles of Confederation and admit the weak central government was not workingIt started in an effort to prevent courts from foreclosing on the farms of those who could not pay the taxes :51 1786-1787 - Conflict in Massachusetts caused many to criticize the Articles of Confederation and admit the weak central government was not workingIt started in an effort to prevent courts from foreclosing on the farms of those who could not pay the taxes Shay’s Rebellion Revolution/Constitution


WHAT:1733 - One of the earlier acts, it taxed all molasses, rum, and sugar which the colonies imported from countries other than Britain and her colonies (6 pence per gallon)colonists often paid bribe of 1 pence to get it certified BritishRESULT:angered the New England coloniesBritish had difficulty enforcing the taxmost colonial merchants ignored it. :52 WHAT:1733 - One of the earlier acts, it taxed all molasses, rum, and sugar which the colonies imported from countries other than Britain and her colonies (6 pence per gallon)colonists often paid bribe of 1 pence to get it certified BritishRESULT:angered the New England coloniesBritish had difficulty enforcing the taxmost colonial merchants ignored it. Molasses Act Revolution/Constitution


A major success of the Articles of Confederation. Provided for the orderly surveying and distribution of land belonging to the U.S. It saved a portion of land surveyed for public education? :53 A major success of the Articles of Confederation. Provided for the orderly surveying and distribution of land belonging to the U.S. It saved a portion of land surveyed for public education? Land Ordinance of 1785 Revolution/Constitution


British Prime Minister (1763-1765) who oversaw the Sugar, Quartering, and Stamp Acts and pursued more strict enforcement? :54 British Prime Minister (1763-1765) who oversaw the Sugar, Quartering, and Stamp Acts and pursued more strict enforcement? George Grenville Revolution/Constitution


Native Americans typically chose sided with them during the Revolutionary War? :55 Native Americans typically chose sided with them during the Revolutionary War? The British Revolution/Constitution


WHAT:ended the French and Indian War in America (Seven Years’ War in Europe)RESULTS:Britain got French CanadaBritain got French lands east of Mississippi River.Britain gave Cuba to Spain in exchange for Florida.French gave Spain its western claims and Louisiana. :56 WHAT:ended the French and Indian War in America (Seven Years’ War in Europe)RESULTS:Britain got French CanadaBritain got French lands east of Mississippi River.Britain gave Cuba to Spain in exchange for Florida.French gave Spain its western claims and Louisiana. Treaty of Paris ( 1763) Revolution/Constitution


Name given to LOCAL MILITIAMEN who fought against the British during the Revolutionary War. (b/c of their supposed ABILITY TO BE READY QUICKLY). :57 Name given to LOCAL MILITIAMEN who fought against the British during the Revolutionary War. (b/c of their supposed ABILITY TO BE READY QUICKLY). Minutemen Revolution/Constitution


(4 acts) Passed in 1774, they were MEANT TO PUNISH THE COLONISTS AFTER THE 1773 BOSTON TEA PARTY. Seen by American colonists as the blueprints for a British plan to deny the Americans representative government. They LED TO convening of the FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS. :58 (4 acts) Passed in 1774, they were MEANT TO PUNISH THE COLONISTS AFTER THE 1773 BOSTON TEA PARTY. Seen by American colonists as the blueprints for a British plan to deny the Americans representative government. They LED TO convening of the FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS. “Intolerable” or Coercive Acts Revolution/Constitution


A series of newspaper articles written by John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton, they LISTED THE ARGUMENTS IN FAVOR OF THE CONSTITUTION and refuted the arguments of the Anti-Federalists. :59 A series of newspaper articles written by John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton, they LISTED THE ARGUMENTS IN FAVOR OF THE CONSTITUTION and refuted the arguments of the Anti-Federalists. The Federalist Papers Revolution/Constitution


The Constitution SET FORTH A GOVERNMENT COMPOSED OF THREE BRANCHES: the legislative, executive, and judicial (separation of powers). What ensured that no one branch would become too powerful? :60 The Constitution SET FORTH A GOVERNMENT COMPOSED OF THREE BRANCHES: the legislative, executive, and judicial (separation of powers). What ensured that no one branch would become too powerful? Checks and balances Revolution/Constitution


At the Annapolis Convention, he pushed for another meeting to “revise” the Articles of Confederation.Emerged as a major political figure during the debate over the Constitution, as the outspoken LEADER OF THE FEDERALISTS and one of the authors of The Federalist Papers. :61 At the Annapolis Convention, he pushed for another meeting to “revise” the Articles of Confederation.Emerged as a major political figure during the debate over the Constitution, as the outspoken LEADER OF THE FEDERALISTS and one of the authors of The Federalist Papers. Alexander Hamilton Revolution/Constitution


BENJAMIN FRANKLIN submitted this at the 1754 gathering of colonial delegates in Albany, New York. It CALLED FOR THE COLONIES TO UNIFY IN THE FACE OF FRENCH AND NATIVE AMERICAN THREATS. The delegates approved the plan, but the colonies REJECTED it for fear of losing too much power. The Crown did not support the plan, either, as it was wary of too much cooperation between the colonies. :62 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN submitted this at the 1754 gathering of colonial delegates in Albany, New York. It CALLED FOR THE COLONIES TO UNIFY IN THE FACE OF FRENCH AND NATIVE AMERICAN THREATS. The delegates approved the plan, but the colonies REJECTED it for fear of losing too much power. The Crown did not support the plan, either, as it was wary of too much cooperation between the colonies. Albany Plan of Union Revolution/Constitution


They rose up as the opponents of the Constitution during the period of ratification. They OPPOSED THE CONSTITUTION’S POWERFUL CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT, arguing that the Constitution gave the federal government too much political, economic, and military control. They instead ADVOCATED STATES’ RIGHTS and PROTECTIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL FREEDOMS. :63 They rose up as the opponents of the Constitution during the period of ratification. They OPPOSED THE CONSTITUTION’S POWERFUL CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT, arguing that the Constitution gave the federal government too much political, economic, and military control. They instead ADVOCATED STATES’ RIGHTS and PROTECTIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL FREEDOMS. Anti-Federalists Revolution/Constitution


Term for a one house legislature (like in the Articles of Confederation)? :64 Term for a one house legislature (like in the Articles of Confederation)? unicameral Revolution/Constitution


WHAT:1764 - Forbade colonists to issue paper money Duties paid in specie (gold or silver)PROBLEM:wartime had inflicted a currency shortageWHY:When colonies printed more money, inflation occurred (more of something lowers the value because it is more common) :65 WHAT:1764 - Forbade colonists to issue paper money Duties paid in specie (gold or silver)PROBLEM:wartime had inflicted a currency shortageWHY:When colonies printed more money, inflation occurred (more of something lowers the value because it is more common) Currency Act Revolution/Constitution


WHAT WOULD WE CALL ALL OF THESE?WRITTEN CONSTITUTIONS w/list of RIGHTS!Separation of powers: Executive, legislative, and judicialSeparation of church and stateVoting qualifications: White, male, property owners ?Office Holders - Had higher property qualifications :66 WHAT WOULD WE CALL ALL OF THESE?WRITTEN CONSTITUTIONS w/list of RIGHTS!Separation of powers: Executive, legislative, and judicialSeparation of church and stateVoting qualifications: White, male, property owners ?Office Holders - Had higher property qualifications trends in NEW STATE governments written during the Revolutionary War Revolution/Constitution


Major argument of the colonists against British policies. Brought out by Virginia Resolves, Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer, Stamp Act Congress, Committees of Correspondence, Sons and Daughter’s of Liberty, etc.? :67 Major argument of the colonists against British policies. Brought out by Virginia Resolves, Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer, Stamp Act Congress, Committees of Correspondence, Sons and Daughter’s of Liberty, etc.? “No taxation without representation!” Revolution/Constitution


While women were denied full legal rights after the American Revolution, this concept suggested that women should be responsible for raising their children to be virtuous citizens of the new American republic. :68 While women were denied full legal rights after the American Revolution, this concept suggested that women should be responsible for raising their children to be virtuous citizens of the new American republic. Republican Motherhood Revolution/Constitution


Which groups of people were left largely unaffected by the results of the American Revolution? :69 Which groups of people were left largely unaffected by the results of the American Revolution? African-Americans, women, and Native Americans Revolution/Constitution


British governmental theory that parliament spoke for all British subjects, including colonists, even if they did not vote for its members. :70 British governmental theory that parliament spoke for all British subjects, including colonists, even if they did not vote for its members. Virtual Representation Revolution/Constitution


WHEN: 1783WHAT:Meeting in NY of Continental Army officers to address Congress about their pay.PROBLEM:They considered staging a coup and seizing control of the new government.RESULT: Washington’s comments ended any talk of a coup :71 WHEN: 1783WHAT:Meeting in NY of Continental Army officers to address Congress about their pay.PROBLEM:They considered staging a coup and seizing control of the new government.RESULT: Washington’s comments ended any talk of a coup Newburgh Conspiracy Revolution/Constitution


STARTED BY:James Otis (Mass.)WHAT:Representatives (27) from nine colonies convened in New York (1765).ARGUED: No taxation w/o representation!RESULT: step toward unity :72 STARTED BY:James Otis (Mass.)WHAT:Representatives (27) from nine colonies convened in New York (1765).ARGUED: No taxation w/o representation!RESULT: step toward unity Stamp Act Congress Revolution/Constitution


Successful American general during the revolution who turned traitor in 1780 and joined the British cause (needed money to pay debts). :73 Successful American general during the revolution who turned traitor in 1780 and joined the British cause (needed money to pay debts). Benedict Arnold Revolution/Constitution


Lawyer who defended British soldiers in the Boston massacre trial. He became the first vice-president and 2nd president. His cousin was a leader of the Sons and Daughters of Liberty? :74 Lawyer who defended British soldiers in the Boston massacre trial. He became the first vice-president and 2nd president. His cousin was a leader of the Sons and Daughters of Liberty? John Adams Revolution/Constitution


French military leader who served general Washington and lobbied the French government for support of the colonial army :75 French military leader who served general Washington and lobbied the French government for support of the colonial army Marquis de Lafayette Revolution/Constitution


One of the most successful forms of protest against unpopular British policies after the French and Indian War? DO NOT BUY BRITISH GOODS :76 One of the most successful forms of protest against unpopular British policies after the French and Indian War? DO NOT BUY BRITISH GOODS Non-importation Agreements Revolution/Constitution


Economic theory of trade stressing that a nation’s economic strength depended on exporting more than it imported. British = triangular trade, Navigation Acts (1651-1673), aimed at fostering British economic dominance.It caused competition and conflict among European powers. :77 Economic theory of trade stressing that a nation’s economic strength depended on exporting more than it imported. British = triangular trade, Navigation Acts (1651-1673), aimed at fostering British economic dominance.It caused competition and conflict among European powers. Mercantilism Revolution/Constitution


Fought in North America, (1754-1763) English colonists and soldiers fought the French and their Native American allies for dominance in North America. England’s victory brought England control of much disputed territory and ELIMINATED the French as a threat to English dominance in the Americas.BRTISH POLICY IN COLONIES CHANGED AS A RESULT OF THIS? :78 Fought in North America, (1754-1763) English colonists and soldiers fought the French and their Native American allies for dominance in North America. England’s victory brought England control of much disputed territory and ELIMINATED the French as a threat to English dominance in the Americas.BRTISH POLICY IN COLONIES CHANGED AS A RESULT OF THIS? French and Indian War Revolution/Constitution


PASSED UNDER THE MERCANTILIST SYSTEM, THESE (1651-1673) REGULATED TRADE IN ORDER TO BENEFIT THE BRITISH ECONOMY. They restricted trade between England and its colonies to English or colonial ships, required certain colonial goods to pass through England before export, provided subsidies for the production of certain raw goods in the colonies, and banned colonial competition in large scale manufacturing. :79 PASSED UNDER THE MERCANTILIST SYSTEM, THESE (1651-1673) REGULATED TRADE IN ORDER TO BENEFIT THE BRITISH ECONOMY. They restricted trade between England and its colonies to English or colonial ships, required certain colonial goods to pass through England before export, provided subsidies for the production of certain raw goods in the colonies, and banned colonial competition in large scale manufacturing. Navigation Acts Revolution/Constitution


PUBLISHED BY JOHN DICKINSON, they denounced the Townshend Duties by demonstrating that many of the arguments employed against the Stamp Act were valid against the Townshend Duties as well. Argued: NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATIONINSPIRED ANTI-BRITISH SENTIMENT THROUGHOUT THE COLONIES. :80 PUBLISHED BY JOHN DICKINSON, they denounced the Townshend Duties by demonstrating that many of the arguments employed against the Stamp Act were valid against the Townshend Duties as well. Argued: NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATIONINSPIRED ANTI-BRITISH SENTIMENT THROUGHOUT THE COLONIES. Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer Revolution/Constitution


He drafted the Declaration of Independence in 1776. It was based on enlightenment ideas and provided rationale for the American Revolution? :81 He drafted the Declaration of Independence in 1776. It was based on enlightenment ideas and provided rationale for the American Revolution? Thomas Jefferson Revolution/Constitution


He proposed the Albany Plan of Union.During the Revolutionary War, he served as an AMBASSADOR TO FRANCE. He was the OLDEST DELEGATE TO THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION and his advice proved crucial in the drafting of the Constitution. :82 He proposed the Albany Plan of Union.During the Revolutionary War, he served as an AMBASSADOR TO FRANCE. He was the OLDEST DELEGATE TO THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION and his advice proved crucial in the drafting of the Constitution. Benjamin Franklin Revolution/Constitution


LED BY ALEXANDER HAMILTON, THEY BELIEVED IN A STRONG CENTRAL GOVERNMENT. They were SUPPORTERS OF THE CONSTITUTION during ratification and were a political force during the early years of the United States. :83 LED BY ALEXANDER HAMILTON, THEY BELIEVED IN A STRONG CENTRAL GOVERNMENT. They were SUPPORTERS OF THE CONSTITUTION during ratification and were a political force during the early years of the United States. Federalists Revolution/Constitution


Passed in 1766 just after the repeal of the Stamp Act, it STATED THAT PARLIAMENT COULD LEGISLATE FOR THE COLONIES IN ALL CASES. Most colonists interpreted the act as a face-saving mechanism and nothing more. Parliament, however, continually interpreted the act in its broadest sense in order to legislate in and control the colonies. :84 Passed in 1766 just after the repeal of the Stamp Act, it STATED THAT PARLIAMENT COULD LEGISLATE FOR THE COLONIES IN ALL CASES. Most colonists interpreted the act as a face-saving mechanism and nothing more. Parliament, however, continually interpreted the act in its broadest sense in order to legislate in and control the colonies. Declaratory Act Revolution/Constitution


In response to the Annapolis Convention’s suggestion, Congress called for the states to send delegates to Philadelphia to AMEND THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION. Delegates came to the this in May 1787, and DRAFTED an entirely NEW FRAMEWORK that would give GREATER POWERS TO THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT. :85 In response to the Annapolis Convention’s suggestion, Congress called for the states to send delegates to Philadelphia to AMEND THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION. Delegates came to the this in May 1787, and DRAFTED an entirely NEW FRAMEWORK that would give GREATER POWERS TO THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT. Constitutional Convention Revolution/Constitution


It solved the problem of representation at the Constitutional Convention. VIRGINIA PLAN AND THE NEW JERSEY PLAN FOR DETERMINING LEGISLATIVE REPRESENTATION IN CONGRESS. It established equal representation for all states in the Senate and proportional representation by population in the House of Representatives. :86 It solved the problem of representation at the Constitutional Convention. VIRGINIA PLAN AND THE NEW JERSEY PLAN FOR DETERMINING LEGISLATIVE REPRESENTATION IN CONGRESS. It established equal representation for all states in the Senate and proportional representation by population in the House of Representatives. Connecticut or “Great” Compromise Revolution/Constitution


Organized by patriot leader Samuel Adams, was a SYSTEM OF COMMUNICATION between patriot leaders in New England and throughout the colonies. They PROVIDED THE ORGANIZATION NECESSARY TO UNITE THE COLONIES IN OPPOSITION TO PARLIAMENT. They sent delegates to the First Continental Congress.Popular topic was the Gaspee Affair :87 Organized by patriot leader Samuel Adams, was a SYSTEM OF COMMUNICATION between patriot leaders in New England and throughout the colonies. They PROVIDED THE ORGANIZATION NECESSARY TO UNITE THE COLONIES IN OPPOSITION TO PARLIAMENT. They sent delegates to the First Continental Congress.Popular topic was the Gaspee Affair Committees of Correspondence Revolution/Constitution


Boston patriots ORGANIZED this TO PROTEST THE 1773 TEA ACT. In December 1773, Samuel Adams warned Boston residents of the consequences of the Tea Act. It led to the Intolerable (or Coercive) Acts . :88 Boston patriots ORGANIZED this TO PROTEST THE 1773 TEA ACT. In December 1773, Samuel Adams warned Boston residents of the consequences of the Tea Act. It led to the Intolerable (or Coercive) Acts . Boston Tea Party Revolution/Constitution


Although the Anti-Federalists failed to block the ratification of the Constitution, they did ensure that this would be CREATED TO PROTECT INDIVIDUALS FROM GOVERNMENT INTERFERENCE AND POSSIBLE TYRANNY. Drafted by a group led by James Madison, consisted of the FIRST TEN AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION, which guaranteed the civil rights of American citizens. :89 Although the Anti-Federalists failed to block the ratification of the Constitution, they did ensure that this would be CREATED TO PROTECT INDIVIDUALS FROM GOVERNMENT INTERFERENCE AND POSSIBLE TYRANNY. Drafted by a group led by James Madison, consisted of the FIRST TEN AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION, which guaranteed the civil rights of American citizens. Bill of Rights Revolution/Constitution


WHAT:Movement to use reason to solve humanity’s problemsWHY:Born out of Scientific Revolution :90 WHAT:Movement to use reason to solve humanity’s problemsWHY:Born out of Scientific Revolution Enlightenment Revolution/Constitution


WHAT: The shots heard round the world…REDCOATS JOB:To seize gunpowderArrest John Hancock and Samuel AdamsMINUTEMEN (colonial militia):met the redcoats on the village greenShots were fired and the minutemen retreated (8 killed)RETREAT:Redcoats forced to march back to Boston under heavy fire :91 WHAT: The shots heard round the world…REDCOATS JOB:To seize gunpowderArrest John Hancock and Samuel AdamsMINUTEMEN (colonial militia):met the redcoats on the village greenShots were fired and the minutemen retreated (8 killed)RETREAT:Redcoats forced to march back to Boston under heavy fire Battles of Lexington and Concord Revolution/Constitution


This American victory in 1777, was the turning point in the American Revolution because it led to aid from the French (and eventually the Spanish and Dutch) :92 This American victory in 1777, was the turning point in the American Revolution because it led to aid from the French (and eventually the Spanish and Dutch) The Battle of Saratoga Revolution/Constitution


Ways in which the Stamp Act was protested? :93 Ways in which the Stamp Act was protested? Stamp Act Congress, Sons and Daughters of Liberty, Virginia Resolves, Non-importation agreements Revolution/Constitution


WHAT: Place where Continental Army faced harsh winter (1777-1778), 2,500 died.Baron von SteubenDrilled Continental ArmyWhipped them into shape (39-100 lashes)RESULT:Troops more professionalBecame symbol of American heroism! :94 WHAT: Place where Continental Army faced harsh winter (1777-1778), 2,500 died.Baron von SteubenDrilled Continental ArmyWhipped them into shape (39-100 lashes)RESULT:Troops more professionalBecame symbol of American heroism! Valley Forge Revolution/Constitution


He published Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer to protest the Townshend Acts helping to inspire anti-British sentiment in the colonies? :95 He published Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer to protest the Townshend Acts helping to inspire anti-British sentiment in the colonies? John Dickinson Revolution/Constitution


Former slave, he became a Captain and helped British fight the patriots? :96 Former slave, he became a Captain and helped British fight the patriots? Colonel Tye Revolution/Constitution


WHO: James Otis and Samuel Adams, 1768WHAT:written in Boston and circulated through the coloniesurged colonies to petition for repeal of Townshend ActsParliament threatened to dissolve all colonial legislatures which did not rescind letter. RESULT:more non-importation agreements (boycotts) increased smuggling :97 WHO: James Otis and Samuel Adams, 1768WHAT:written in Boston and circulated through the coloniesurged colonies to petition for repeal of Townshend ActsParliament threatened to dissolve all colonial legislatures which did not rescind letter. RESULT:more non-importation agreements (boycotts) increased smuggling Massachusetts Circular Letter Revolution/Constitution


300 slaves that joined the British to fight against the colonists and gain freedom? :98 300 slaves that joined the British to fight against the colonists and gain freedom? Lord Dunmore’s Ethiopian Regiment Revolution/Constitution


He started the Stamp Act Congress, helped write the Massachusetts Circular Letter, and was a leader in the colonial resistance to the British? :99 He started the Stamp Act Congress, helped write the Massachusetts Circular Letter, and was a leader in the colonial resistance to the British? James Otis Revolution/Constitution


Whose side did African-Americans tend to join first during the Revolutionary war? :100 Whose side did African-Americans tend to join first during the Revolutionary war? The British Revolution/Constitution


British warship enforcing unpopular trade regulationsran aground off of Rhode Islandburned by American patriots. Favorite topic of Committees of Correspondence? :101 British warship enforcing unpopular trade regulationsran aground off of Rhode Islandburned by American patriots. Favorite topic of Committees of Correspondence? Gaspee Revolution/Constitution


Prime Pinister who asked parliament to repeal the Townsend Duties. He strongly supported the King and was Prime Minister during the Revolutionary War? :102 Prime Pinister who asked parliament to repeal the Townsend Duties. He strongly supported the King and was Prime Minister during the Revolutionary War? Lord North Revolution/Constitution


A Mohawk chief and leader of the Iroquois tribes. advocated an alliance with Britain against the colonists in the Revolutionary War. :103 A Mohawk chief and leader of the Iroquois tribes. advocated an alliance with Britain against the colonists in the Revolutionary War. Joseph Brant Revolution/Constitution


WHAT: 1774 - Established Roman Catholicism as official religion in CanadaFrench to keep government (did not include a representative assembly or trial by jury in civil cases)Extended settlement boundary to the Ohio riverEFFECTS:Protestant colonists mad!Colonists feared their assemblies would be shut down Made land speculators mad by extending “French” area :104 WHAT: 1774 - Established Roman Catholicism as official religion in CanadaFrench to keep government (did not include a representative assembly or trial by jury in civil cases)Extended settlement boundary to the Ohio riverEFFECTS:Protestant colonists mad!Colonists feared their assemblies would be shut down Made land speculators mad by extending “French” area Quebec Act Revolution/Constitution


1/3rd of colonists who supported the revolution and wanted to create a new nationMost from New England and Virginia :105 1/3rd of colonists who supported the revolution and wanted to create a new nationMost from New England and Virginia Patriots or Whigs Revolution/Constitution


Famous for Virginia Resolves, “Give me liberty or give me death” speech, and was an Anti-federalist (thought federal government was too strong under the Constitution)? :106 Famous for Virginia Resolves, “Give me liberty or give me death” speech, and was an Anti-federalist (thought federal government was too strong under the Constitution)? Patrick Henry Revolution/Constitution


Issued on July, 1775 by the Second Continental Congress, it was a final offer of peace to Britain, agreeing to be loyal to the British government if it addressed their grievances?It was denied by King George III :107 Issued on July, 1775 by the Second Continental Congress, it was a final offer of peace to Britain, agreeing to be loyal to the British government if it addressed their grievances?It was denied by King George III Olive Branch Petition Revolution/Constitution


This organization was set up under the First Continental Congress in order to enforce non-importation of British goods. :108 This organization was set up under the First Continental Congress in order to enforce non-importation of British goods. The Association Revolution/Constitution


He was an Enlightenment philosopher that:Natural rights - life, liberty, and propertyGovt’s get their power from the peoplejob is to protect rightsIf gov’t doesn’t do it’s job: GET RID OF IT! :109 He was an Enlightenment philosopher that:Natural rights - life, liberty, and propertyGovt’s get their power from the peoplejob is to protect rightsIf gov’t doesn’t do it’s job: GET RID OF IT! John Locke Revolution/Constitution


A member of the Second Continental Congress, he was the one who actually formally proposed that the colonists should be FREE of British rule on 6/7/1776?Led to the Declaration of Independence :110 A member of the Second Continental Congress, he was the one who actually formally proposed that the colonists should be FREE of British rule on 6/7/1776?Led to the Declaration of Independence Richard Henry Lee Revolution/Constitution


Paul Revere, William Dawes and _____________ helped warn the colonists that the British were coming to Lexington and Concord. :111 Paul Revere, William Dawes and _____________ helped warn the colonists that the British were coming to Lexington and Concord. Samuel Prescott Revolution/Constitution


Prussian (German) mercenaries hired by King George III to fight against the colonists during the Revolutionary War? :112 Prussian (German) mercenaries hired by King George III to fight against the colonists during the Revolutionary War? Hessians Revolution/Constitution


11775 - Colonists were running low on ammunition“the whites of their eyes”The British won after suffering severe lossesColonists shot 92 officers, 1000 attackers and suffered only 370 casualties!SIGNIFICANCE:Colonists claimed victory b/c of heavy British loses! :113 11775 - Colonists were running low on ammunition“the whites of their eyes”The British won after suffering severe lossesColonists shot 92 officers, 1000 attackers and suffered only 370 casualties!SIGNIFICANCE:Colonists claimed victory b/c of heavy British loses! Bunker Hill Revolution/Constitution


WHO: proposed by John DickinsonWHEN: Adopted in 1777 after states gave up western land claimsWHAT: First government of USASTRUCTURE: Unicameral legislaturePOWERS: Wage war, make treaties, borrow moneyPROBLEMS:Couldn’t regulate trade or collect taxes!9 out of 13 votes needed to pass lawsUnanimous vote to amend (make changes)No power to enforce laws! :114 WHO: proposed by John DickinsonWHEN: Adopted in 1777 after states gave up western land claimsWHAT: First government of USASTRUCTURE: Unicameral legislaturePOWERS: Wage war, make treaties, borrow moneyPROBLEMS:Couldn’t regulate trade or collect taxes!9 out of 13 votes needed to pass lawsUnanimous vote to amend (make changes)No power to enforce laws! Articles of Confederation Revolution/Constitution