Review 20th Century History :Review 20th Century History


Party that was created to unite farmers. They wanted unlimited coinage of silver; government to prevent railroad discrimination; supported William Jennigns Bryan. :2 Party that was created to unite farmers. They wanted unlimited coinage of silver; government to prevent railroad discrimination; supported William Jennigns Bryan. Populist or People’s Party Populism and Progressive Era


It was a time of political, economic, and social growth and change in the U.S. It started in the end of the 19th century and lasted until 1917. The movement was inspired by the political theories of the Enlightenment. National organizations like the NAACP, muckrakers like Upton Sinclair, and reformers like Dorothea Dix worked to expose and solve societal problems. :3 It was a time of political, economic, and social growth and change in the U.S. It started in the end of the 19th century and lasted until 1917. The movement was inspired by the political theories of the Enlightenment. National organizations like the NAACP, muckrakers like Upton Sinclair, and reformers like Dorothea Dix worked to expose and solve societal problems. Progressive Movement The Progressive Era


This amendment established the federal income tax during the Progressive Era? :4 This amendment established the federal income tax during the Progressive Era? 16th Amendment Populism and Progressive Era


This amendment led to the direct election of senators by the people (they were no longer picked by state legislatures, it gave more power to the people). :5 This amendment led to the direct election of senators by the people (they were no longer picked by state legislatures, it gave more power to the people). 17th Amendment Populism and Progressive Era


It allows voters to remove elected officials. :6 It allows voters to remove elected officials. recall Populism and Progressive Era


It lets voters vote on bills directly. :7 It lets voters vote on bills directly. Referendum Populism and Progressive Era


It lets voters put bills before the legislature :8 It lets voters put bills before the legislature Initiative Populism and Progressive Era


Leaders who favored the working people over big business.Opposed unfair big business practices, thought gov. had right to intervene in business to help the people! :9 Leaders who favored the working people over big business.Opposed unfair big business practices, thought gov. had right to intervene in business to help the people! PROGRESSIVES The Progressive Era


It established women’s right to vote (suffrage)? :10 It established women’s right to vote (suffrage)? 19th Amendment Populism and Progressive Era


They were investigative journalists who worked during the early 1900s to uncover the corruption and misdeeds in American industry and politics. Their writings and publications encouraged widespread political and social reform. They include Upton Sinclair, Ida Tarbell, and Lincoln Steffens. :11 They were investigative journalists who worked during the early 1900s to uncover the corruption and misdeeds in American industry and politics. Their writings and publications encouraged widespread political and social reform. They include Upton Sinclair, Ida Tarbell, and Lincoln Steffens. Muckrakers The Progressive Era


It exposed corrupt and dangerous practices of the meat industry (there’s people in the meat). LED TO PROGRESSIVE CHANGE! – Meat Inspection Act, 1906 (to protect public by setting standards for safe meat production); and Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906 (to protect consumers from hazardous ingredients) :12 It exposed corrupt and dangerous practices of the meat industry (there’s people in the meat). LED TO PROGRESSIVE CHANGE! – Meat Inspection Act, 1906 (to protect public by setting standards for safe meat production); and Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906 (to protect consumers from hazardous ingredients) Upton Sinclair, The Jungle, 1906 The Progressive Era


(example of progressivism) They were set up to help immigrants by providing daycare, boarding, cooking and language classes, and help getting jobs. Hull House was the first, founded by Jane Addams in Chicago (1889) :13 (example of progressivism) They were set up to help immigrants by providing daycare, boarding, cooking and language classes, and help getting jobs. Hull House was the first, founded by Jane Addams in Chicago (1889) Settlement Houses The Progressive Era


1st settlement house, founded by Jane Addams in Chicago (1889) :14 1st settlement house, founded by Jane Addams in Chicago (1889) Hull House The Progressive Era


Used his camera to show poor living conditions and crusade for better conditions (HELPED MAKE CONDITIONS PUBLIC) :15 Used his camera to show poor living conditions and crusade for better conditions (HELPED MAKE CONDITIONS PUBLIC) Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives, 1890 The Progressive Era


name given by Roosevelt to those who exposed evils of society :16 name given by Roosevelt to those who exposed evils of society “Muckrakers” The Progressive Era


- It exposed the monopolistic practices of the Standard Oil Company. Strengthened the movement for outlawing monopolies. :17 - It exposed the monopolistic practices of the Standard Oil Company. Strengthened the movement for outlawing monopolies. Ida Tarbell, History of Standard Oil, 1904 The Progressive Era


A famous muckraker, he published The Jungle in 1906, which exposed the unsanitary conditions in several meatpacking plants. This novel and other exposes led to the passage of laws designed to ensure the safety of foods and medicines. :18 A famous muckraker, he published The Jungle in 1906, which exposed the unsanitary conditions in several meatpacking plants. This novel and other exposes led to the passage of laws designed to ensure the safety of foods and medicines. Upton Sinclair The Progressive Era


1st state (1869) to give women the right to vote (think out west, frontier)? :19 1st state (1869) to give women the right to vote (think out west, frontier)? Wyoming Populism and Progressive Era


Which two groups or people took power away from political machines during the Progressive Era? :20 Which two groups or people took power away from political machines during the Progressive Era? city managers and city commissions Populism and Progressive Era


First progressive president? :21 First progressive president? Teddy Roosevelt Populism and Progressive Era


Which president dealt with the following issues: conservation, bad conditions in the meat-packing industry, trust-busting, and unsafe drug products? :22 Which president dealt with the following issues: conservation, bad conditions in the meat-packing industry, trust-busting, and unsafe drug products? Teddy Roosevelt Populism and Progressive Era


Outspoken leader of WCTU (Women’s Christian Temperance Union) helped push temperance movement. :23 Outspoken leader of WCTU (Women’s Christian Temperance Union) helped push temperance movement. Carry A. Nation Populism and Progressive Era


She worked to bring about reforms for the mentally ill (better hospitals and asylums) :24 She worked to bring about reforms for the mentally ill (better hospitals and asylums) Dorthea Dix Populism and Progressive Era


African-American civil rights and women’s voting rights advocate during Progressive Era (strong position against lynching) :25 African-American civil rights and women’s voting rights advocate during Progressive Era (strong position against lynching) Ida B. Wells-Barnett Populism and Progressive Era


Helped found the NAACP (through Niagara Movement) demanded immediate social equality for blacks (also supported the “Talented 10th” of black population that could use influence to bring about change) :26 Helped found the NAACP (through Niagara Movement) demanded immediate social equality for blacks (also supported the “Talented 10th” of black population that could use influence to bring about change) W.E.B. DuBois Populism and Progressive Era


Atlanta Compromise Speech, gradual social equality through hard work and economic development, he founded the Tuskegee Institute (1881)? :27 Atlanta Compromise Speech, gradual social equality through hard work and economic development, he founded the Tuskegee Institute (1881)? Booker T. Washington Populism and Progressive Era


When did KKK first emerge (what era of U.S. History)? :28 When did KKK first emerge (what era of U.S. History)? Reconstruction Populism and Progressive Era


This controversial early film by D.W. Griffith in 1915 depicted the KKK’s actions as heroic and commendable (helped lead to resurgence in KKK during the Progressive Era. :29 This controversial early film by D.W. Griffith in 1915 depicted the KKK’s actions as heroic and commendable (helped lead to resurgence in KKK during the Progressive Era. Birth of a Nation Populism and Progressive Era


This group favored white supremacy and were against immigration? :30 This group favored white supremacy and were against immigration? KKK Populism and Progressive Era


It set federal regulations and established a system of federal checkups. This act and other measures aimed at improving the quality of food products were taken in response to the muckrakers’ exposes of the unsanitary and often hazardous conditions of food processing plants (The Jungle). :31 It set federal regulations and established a system of federal checkups. This act and other measures aimed at improving the quality of food products were taken in response to the muckrakers’ exposes of the unsanitary and often hazardous conditions of food processing plants (The Jungle). Meat Inspection Act Populism and Progressive Era


Name Theodore Roosevelt gave to his social policies, especially his intended relationships with capital and labor (Control the 3 C’s – corporations, consumers, and conservation) Roosevelt wanted to treat everyone fairly, and, in particular, eliminate government favors to big business. :32 Name Theodore Roosevelt gave to his social policies, especially his intended relationships with capital and labor (Control the 3 C’s – corporations, consumers, and conservation) Roosevelt wanted to treat everyone fairly, and, in particular, eliminate government favors to big business. Square Deal Populism and Progressive Era


After muckrakers exposed the questionable packaging and labeling practices of big businesses, Congress passed this in 1906, which prohibited the sale of adulterated or inaccurately labeled foods and medicines. :33 After muckrakers exposed the questionable packaging and labeling practices of big businesses, Congress passed this in 1906, which prohibited the sale of adulterated or inaccurately labeled foods and medicines. Pure Food and Drug Act Populism and Progressive Era


IMPERIALISMand WWI :34 IMPERIALISMand WWI Imperialism and WWI


These all caused?Yellow JournalismAlfred Thayer MahanEuropean competitionSocial Darwinism :35 These all caused?Yellow JournalismAlfred Thayer MahanEuropean competitionSocial Darwinism U.S. imperialism Imperialism and WWI


Written by the Spanish minister in Washington, it was stolen from the mail and delivered to Hearst. He had called McKinley weak and bitter. It was played up by the yellow journalists (helped cause Spanish American War. :36 Written by the Spanish minister in Washington, it was stolen from the mail and delivered to Hearst. He had called McKinley weak and bitter. It was played up by the yellow journalists (helped cause Spanish American War. De Lome Letter Imperialism and WWI


The explosion and sinking of this ship angered many Americans and was played up by “yellow journalists” helping to start the Spanish-American War in 1898? :37 The explosion and sinking of this ship angered many Americans and was played up by “yellow journalists” helping to start the Spanish-American War in 1898? U.S.S. Maine Imperialism and WWI


2 examples of Newspaper editors who were “yellow journalists”? :38 2 examples of Newspaper editors who were “yellow journalists”? Joseph Pulitzer, William Randolph Heart\st Imperialism and WWI


Sensationalist newspaper stories during the late 1800s? :39 Sensationalist newspaper stories during the late 1800s? Yellow Journalism Imperialism and WWI


Territories the U.S. acquired from the Spanish-American War? :40 Territories the U.S. acquired from the Spanish-American War? Guam, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Philippines Imperialism and WWI


It argued against American Imperialism in the late 1890s. Its members included such luminaries as William James, Andrew Carnegie, and Mark Twain. :41 It argued against American Imperialism in the late 1890s. Its members included such luminaries as William James, Andrew Carnegie, and Mark Twain. Anti-Imperialist League Imperialism and WWI


He helped George Dewey take the Philippines from the Spanish during the Spanish-American War, but led the Philippine Insurrection against the U.S. (he didn’t’ agree with the U.S. occupation of the Philippines) :42 He helped George Dewey take the Philippines from the Spanish during the Spanish-American War, but led the Philippine Insurrection against the U.S. (he didn’t’ agree with the U.S. occupation of the Philippines) Emilio Aguinaldo Imperialism and WWI


President reserved right for U.S. to intervene in the affairs of any Latin American country who wasn’t capable of governing itself (if you can’t, we will)! We would act as policemen in Latin America. :43 President reserved right for U.S. to intervene in the affairs of any Latin American country who wasn’t capable of governing itself (if you can’t, we will)! We would act as policemen in Latin America. Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine Imperialism and WWI


Presidents Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson used this policy intervene in Latin America by sending troops to Cuba, Panama, Nicaragua, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, and Haiti during the beginning of the 20th Century? :44 Presidents Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson used this policy intervene in Latin America by sending troops to Cuba, Panama, Nicaragua, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, and Haiti during the beginning of the 20th Century? Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine Imperialism and WWI


William Howard Taft’s foreign policy. Taft sought to address international problems by extending American investment overseas, believing that such activity would both benefit the U.S. economy and promote stability abroad. :45 William Howard Taft’s foreign policy. Taft sought to address international problems by extending American investment overseas, believing that such activity would both benefit the U.S. economy and promote stability abroad. Dollar diplomacy Imperialism and WWI


Developed by Secretary of State John Hay, this policy aimed to combat the European spheres of influence that threatened to squeeze American business interests out of Chinese markets (it also led to the Boxer Rebellion). :46 Developed by Secretary of State John Hay, this policy aimed to combat the European spheres of influence that threatened to squeeze American business interests out of Chinese markets (it also led to the Boxer Rebellion). Open Door Policy Imperialism and WWI


Built by the U.S. between 1904 and 1914, it is an artificial waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. :47 Built by the U.S. between 1904 and 1914, it is an artificial waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Panama Canal Imperialism and WWI


_________ diplomacy refers to the foreign relations policies of Theodore Roosevelt and summed up his aggressive stance toward international affairs. :48 _________ diplomacy refers to the foreign relations policies of Theodore Roosevelt and summed up his aggressive stance toward international affairs. Big Stick Imperialism and WWI


Solved crisis between Japan and U.S. over discrimination in California. The U.S. would not impose restriction on Japanese immigration or students, and Japan would slow further emigration to the U.S. (Roosevelt sent out the Great White Fleet as a show of strength)! :49 Solved crisis between Japan and U.S. over discrimination in California. The U.S. would not impose restriction on Japanese immigration or students, and Japan would slow further emigration to the U.S. (Roosevelt sent out the Great White Fleet as a show of strength)! Gentlemen’s Agreement, 1907 Imperialism and WWI


Wilson’s first response to the fighting when WWI started (he insisted that warring nations respect American rights on the seas)? :50 Wilson’s first response to the fighting when WWI started (he insisted that warring nations respect American rights on the seas)? Proclamation of Neutrality Imperialism and WWI


Warfare in Europe during WWI consisted of a lot of ______ ______ b/c new technologies changed military strategy :51 Warfare in Europe during WWI consisted of a lot of ______ ______ b/c new technologies changed military strategy Trench warfare Imperialism and WWI


Reasons U.S. got involved in WWI (4) :52 Reasons U.S. got involved in WWI (4) (1) Unrestricted submarine warfare; (2) Anti-German British propaganda; (3) Zimmerman Note; (4) Democratic ideals (b/c of fear of communism and the Russian Revolution) Imperialism and WWI


Woodrow Wilson warned Germany against unrestricted submarine warfare with this, the German’s pledged to stop the “unrestricted” submarine warfare? :53 Woodrow Wilson warned Germany against unrestricted submarine warfare with this, the German’s pledged to stop the “unrestricted” submarine warfare? Sussex Pledge Imperialism and WWI


During WWI, southern Blacks began to move north, where there were more jobs and less racism. The increased number of Blacks led to a White backlash and conditions like Southern racism. :54 During WWI, southern Blacks began to move north, where there were more jobs and less racism. The increased number of Blacks led to a White backlash and conditions like Southern racism. Great Migration Imperialism and WWI


Headed by George Creel, this committee was in charge of propaganda for WWI (1917-1919). He depicted the U.S. as a champion of justice and liberty (got Americans to buy war bonds and think Germans were evil). :55 Headed by George Creel, this committee was in charge of propaganda for WWI (1917-1919). He depicted the U.S. as a champion of justice and liberty (got Americans to buy war bonds and think Germans were evil). Committee on Public Information (Creel Committee) Imperialism and WWI


They called for Open diplomacy, freedom of the seas, creation of an international organization to keep the peace, and self-determination for groups that were oppressed (Woodrow Wilson’s plan to bring peace after WWI)? :56 They called for Open diplomacy, freedom of the seas, creation of an international organization to keep the peace, and self-determination for groups that were oppressed (Woodrow Wilson’s plan to bring peace after WWI)? Fourteen Points Imperialism and WWI


Which major element of the Fourteen Points and the Treaty of Versailles did the U.S. Senate (especially Henry Cabot Lodge) disagree with? :57 Which major element of the Fourteen Points and the Treaty of Versailles did the U.S. Senate (especially Henry Cabot Lodge) disagree with? League of Nations Imperialism and WWI


Name of the revolution that occurred in Russia during WWI (1917)? :58 Name of the revolution that occurred in Russia during WWI (1917)? Bolshevik or Communist Revolution Imperialism and WWI


Leader of the Bolshevik Revolution (Russia)? :59 Leader of the Bolshevik Revolution (Russia)? Vladimir Lenin Imperialism and WWI


In 1920, the government disregarded civil liberties in 33 cities and broke into meeting halls and homes without warrants. 4,000 "Communists" were jailed, some were deported (they were against suspected communists and anarchists). :60 In 1920, the government disregarded civil liberties in 33 cities and broke into meeting halls and homes without warrants. 4,000 "Communists" were jailed, some were deported (they were against suspected communists and anarchists). Palmer Raids Imperialism and WWI


In 1919, the Communist Party was gaining strength in the U.S. which led to? :61 In 1919, the Communist Party was gaining strength in the U.S. which led to? The Red Scare 1919-1920 Imperialism and WWI


The Roaring Twenties :62 The Roaring Twenties The Roaring Twenties


He his assembly-line production of the Model T helped make the car affordable for average Americans? :63 He his assembly-line production of the Model T helped make the car affordable for average Americans? Henry Ford The Roaring Twenties


Names for the 1920s? :64 Names for the 1920s? Roaring Twenties, Jazz Age, Prohibition Era, Republican Decade The Roaring Twenties


Causes of Great Depression :65 Causes of Great Depression Overproduction of farm and factory goods, buying on margin, consumer credit, uneven distribution of wealth, and the stock market crash The Roaring Twenties


3 presidents during the 1920s (The Republican Decade) :66 3 presidents during the 1920s (The Republican Decade) Warren Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover The Roaring Twenties


During the 1920’s republican presidents favored (think “Trickle Down”) :67 During the 1920’s republican presidents favored (think “Trickle Down”) Tax cuts for the wealthy and support for big business The Roaring Twenties


In 1928, this international agreement (62 nations) pledged to renounce war and allow only for defensive wars. It was generally believed to be useless. :68 In 1928, this international agreement (62 nations) pledged to renounce war and allow only for defensive wars. It was generally believed to be useless. Kellogg-Briand Pact, 1928 The Roaring Twenties


Called to stop the naval arms race between U.S., Britain, France, Japan, and Italy in 1921-1922, these nations agreed to limits on the number of battleships each could build? :69 Called to stop the naval arms race between U.S., Britain, France, Japan, and Italy in 1921-1922, these nations agreed to limits on the number of battleships each could build? Washington Naval Conference The Roaring Twenties


The U.S. response to the crisis Germany had in paying reparations after WWI. In 1924, it rescheduled German reparation payments and allowed private loans to Germany so they could pay the countries of Europe? :70 The U.S. response to the crisis Germany had in paying reparations after WWI. In 1924, it rescheduled German reparation payments and allowed private loans to Germany so they could pay the countries of Europe? Dawes Plan The Roaring Twenties


Key writers of this movement of the 1920s included: F. Scott Fitzgerald, Earnest Hemmingway, and Sinclair Lewis. They were disillusioned by WWI and the greed and materialism of the 1920s (They especially criticized MIDDLE-CLASS conformity and materialism)? :71 Key writers of this movement of the 1920s included: F. Scott Fitzgerald, Earnest Hemmingway, and Sinclair Lewis. They were disillusioned by WWI and the greed and materialism of the 1920s (They especially criticized MIDDLE-CLASS conformity and materialism)? The Lost Generation The Roaring Twenties


Joseph “Joe” King Oliver, W.C. Handy, and “Jelly Roll” Morton helped create this (it flourished in the 1920s) It was popular with the youth as it was a break from the norm? :72 Joseph “Joe” King Oliver, W.C. Handy, and “Jelly Roll” Morton helped create this (it flourished in the 1920s) It was popular with the youth as it was a break from the norm? jazz The Roaring Twenties


Mass entertainment forms of the 1920s (3) :73 Mass entertainment forms of the 1920s (3) movies, radio, and sports (baseball, boxing, football) The Roaring Twenties


It emerged in the early 1900s as a reaction against the many scientific and social challenges facing conservative American Protestantism. It was an anti-liberal and anti-secular movement which peaked in the 1920s with the anti-evolution movement (led to in the Scopes Monkey Trial). It also had a resurgence in the 1970s and is still present today. :74 It emerged in the early 1900s as a reaction against the many scientific and social challenges facing conservative American Protestantism. It was an anti-liberal and anti-secular movement which peaked in the 1920s with the anti-evolution movement (led to in the Scopes Monkey Trial). It also had a resurgence in the 1970s and is still present today. Fundamentalism The Roaring Twenties


It witnessed dramatic expansion in the 1920s (it had been glorified in the D.W. Griffith’s film Birth of a Nation). It also was pro-white supremacy, anti-immigration, and was hostile toward Jews, Catholics, and African Americans (NATIVIST REACTION TO MODERNISM)? :75 It witnessed dramatic expansion in the 1920s (it had been glorified in the D.W. Griffith’s film Birth of a Nation). It also was pro-white supremacy, anti-immigration, and was hostile toward Jews, Catholics, and African Americans (NATIVIST REACTION TO MODERNISM)? KKK The Roaring Twenties


In 1921, the first Immigration Act set a quota for immigrants of only 3 % of the 1910 U.S. population of a nationality. IN 1924, that quota was lowered to 2% of the population in 1890. In 1927, a limit was set of 150,000 per year of western and northern European immigrants. The Immigration Act of 1965 ended quotas and set a limit of 120,000 immigrants from the Western Hemisphere, and 170, 000 outside the Western Hemisphere. :76 In 1921, the first Immigration Act set a quota for immigrants of only 3 % of the 1910 U.S. population of a nationality. IN 1924, that quota was lowered to 2% of the population in 1890. In 1927, a limit was set of 150,000 per year of western and northern European immigrants. The Immigration Act of 1965 ended quotas and set a limit of 120,000 immigrants from the Western Hemisphere, and 170, 000 outside the Western Hemisphere. Immigration Acts The Roaring Twenties


Its purpose was to use quotas to restrict immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe (it helped restrict immigration during the 1920s, but not Mexicans and Puerto Ricans) :77 Its purpose was to use quotas to restrict immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe (it helped restrict immigration during the 1920s, but not Mexicans and Puerto Ricans) National Origins Act, 1924 The Roaring Twenties


This famous case in the 1920s involved a fear of radicals and immigrants.2 Italian immigrants charged with murdering a guard and robbing a shoe factory in Braintree, Mass. The trial lasted from 1920-1927. They were convicted on circumstantial evidence, many believed they had been framed for the crime because of their anarchist and pro-union activities. :78 This famous case in the 1920s involved a fear of radicals and immigrants.2 Italian immigrants charged with murdering a guard and robbing a shoe factory in Braintree, Mass. The trial lasted from 1920-1927. They were convicted on circumstantial evidence, many believed they had been framed for the crime because of their anarchist and pro-union activities. The Sacco and Vanzetti Case The Roaring Twenties


It thrived during the 1920s and was a movement of Black artistic and literary creativity. It expressed pride in African-American culture and supported social and political equality (KEY FIGURES – James Weldon Johnson, Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes, and Josephine Baker). :79 It thrived during the 1920s and was a movement of Black artistic and literary creativity. It expressed pride in African-American culture and supported social and political equality (KEY FIGURES – James Weldon Johnson, Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes, and Josephine Baker). Harlem Renaissance The Roaring Twenties


Leader of the United Negro Improvement Association, he is identified: with Black Pride, Black Nationalism, Pan-Africanism. :80 Leader of the United Negro Improvement Association, he is identified: with Black Pride, Black Nationalism, Pan-Africanism. Marcus Garvey The Roaring Twenties


They symbolized the new freedom of the 1920s by challenging traditional attitudes about women (CHARACTERISTICS – short hair, smoking, short skirts) :81 They symbolized the new freedom of the 1920s by challenging traditional attitudes about women (CHARACTERISTICS – short hair, smoking, short skirts) flappers The Roaring Twenties


What happened to overall percentage of women in the workforce during the 1920s? :82 What happened to overall percentage of women in the workforce during the 1920s? It declined? The Roaring Twenties


In 1922, this tariff rose the rates on imported goods in the hopes that domestic manufacturing would prosper. The goal was to push foreign competition out of the way of American markets and after an isolationist principle was introduced, the U.S. would become self sufficient. :83 In 1922, this tariff rose the rates on imported goods in the hopes that domestic manufacturing would prosper. The goal was to push foreign competition out of the way of American markets and after an isolationist principle was introduced, the U.S. would become self sufficient. The Fordney-McCumber Tariff, 1922 The Roaring Twenties


American leader of the movement to legalize birth control during the early 1900's. As a nurse in the poor sections of New York City, she had seen the suffering caused by unwanted pregnancy. Founded the first birth control clinic in the U.S. and the American Birth Control League, which later became Planned Parenthood. :84 American leader of the movement to legalize birth control during the early 1900's. As a nurse in the poor sections of New York City, she had seen the suffering caused by unwanted pregnancy. Founded the first birth control clinic in the U.S. and the American Birth Control League, which later became Planned Parenthood. Margaret Sanger The Roaring Twenties


The Great Depression and the New Deal :85 The Great Depression and the New Deal The Great Depression and the New Deal


It raised tariffs (to the highest they had been) at the end of the 1920s and triggered a decline in international trade. It reflects the isolationist move the US was moving towards during the 1920s. Signed during the Hoover administration. :86 It raised tariffs (to the highest they had been) at the end of the 1920s and triggered a decline in international trade. It reflects the isolationist move the US was moving towards during the 1920s. Signed during the Hoover administration. Hawley-Smoot Tariff, 1930 The Great Depression and the New Deal


WWI veterans that marched to Washington, D.C. to demand pay promised to them for WWI. They were forced out by Hoover and the army (1932). :87 WWI veterans that marched to Washington, D.C. to demand pay promised to them for WWI. They were forced out by Hoover and the army (1932). Bonus Army The Great Depression and the New Deal


Created by the Hoover administration in 1932 to make loans to banks, insurance companies, and railroads, it was intended to provide emergency funds to help businesses overcome the effects of the Depression. It was later used to finance wartime projects during WW II. :88 Created by the Hoover administration in 1932 to make loans to banks, insurance companies, and railroads, it was intended to provide emergency funds to help businesses overcome the effects of the Depression. It was later used to finance wartime projects during WW II. Reconstruction Finance Corporation The Great Depression and the New Deal


Who did President Hoover think that economic recovery should primarily depend on at the beginning of the Great Depression? :89 Who did President Hoover think that economic recovery should primarily depend on at the beginning of the Great Depression? NOT FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, but private business, charities, and or state and local government The Great Depression and the New Deal


NEW DEAL program, it created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), which insures the accounts of depositors of its member banks. It outlawed banks investing in the stock market. :90 NEW DEAL program, it created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), which insures the accounts of depositors of its member banks. It outlawed banks investing in the stock market. Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act, 1933 The Great Depression and the New Deal


March 6, 1933 - FDR ordered a bank holiday. Many banks were failing because they had too little capital, made too many planning errors, and had poor management. This NEW DEAL ACT provided for government inspection, which restored public confidence in the banks (only those that were deemed healthy could start banking again, the rest were assisted by the government). :91 March 6, 1933 - FDR ordered a bank holiday. Many banks were failing because they had too little capital, made too many planning errors, and had poor management. This NEW DEAL ACT provided for government inspection, which restored public confidence in the banks (only those that were deemed healthy could start banking again, the rest were assisted by the government). Emergency Banking Relief Act, 1933 The Great Depression and the New Deal


The 3 R’s of FDR’s NEW DEAL? :92 The 3 R’s of FDR’s NEW DEAL? Relief, Recovery, and Reform The Great Depression and the New Deal


2 major critiques of the NEW DEAL included?Think about it, the government was going to get involved in trying to jumpstart the economy. :93 2 major critiques of the NEW DEAL included?Think about it, the government was going to get involved in trying to jumpstart the economy. Expansion of the federal government and a budget deficit (deficit spending) The Great Depression and the New Deal


Measures taken during Roosevelt’s first days in office, from Mar 9 to Jun 16, enabled FDR to pass acts critical to stabilizing the economy. It symbolized the beginning stages of the New Deal because the measures taken focused on relief, recovery and reform: key phrases from the New Deal itself. :94 Measures taken during Roosevelt’s first days in office, from Mar 9 to Jun 16, enabled FDR to pass acts critical to stabilizing the economy. It symbolized the beginning stages of the New Deal because the measures taken focused on relief, recovery and reform: key phrases from the New Deal itself. The Hundred Days The Great Depression and the New Deal


In 1933, this New Deal program intended to raise farm prices by limiting production (gave breaks to farmers who agreed to limit production)PROBBLEM – Many Americans were hungry! :95 In 1933, this New Deal program intended to raise farm prices by limiting production (gave breaks to farmers who agreed to limit production)PROBBLEM – Many Americans were hungry! AAA - Agricultural Adjustment Act, 1933 The Great Depression and the New Deal


NEW DEAL program aimed at men particularly in the age group from 18-25. It created jobs that would try to conserve the nation’s natural resources. It would take these men out of the workforce and place them on jobs that would reforest certain areas, teach fire prevention and soil conservation, and help to stop soil erosion. Between 1933-1942 3 million men were put to work under the it; each man would work for one year. :96 NEW DEAL program aimed at men particularly in the age group from 18-25. It created jobs that would try to conserve the nation’s natural resources. It would take these men out of the workforce and place them on jobs that would reforest certain areas, teach fire prevention and soil conservation, and help to stop soil erosion. Between 1933-1942 3 million men were put to work under the it; each man would work for one year. CCC – Civilian Conservation Corps The Great Depression and the New Deal


This NEW DEAL program was based on theory that regulation of the economy would allow industries to return to full production, thereby leading to full employment and a return of prosperity. Designed to administer codes of "fair competition". Such codes established production limits, set wages and working conditions, and disallowed price cutting and unfair competitive practices. :97 This NEW DEAL program was based on theory that regulation of the economy would allow industries to return to full production, thereby leading to full employment and a return of prosperity. Designed to administer codes of "fair competition". Such codes established production limits, set wages and working conditions, and disallowed price cutting and unfair competitive practices. NRA – National Industrial Recovery Act, The Great Depression and the New Deal


In 1935, this created a federal pension system funded by taxes on workers wages. It was designed to help the elderly and poor and is still in existence. :98 In 1935, this created a federal pension system funded by taxes on workers wages. It was designed to help the elderly and poor and is still in existence. Social Security Act, 1935 The Great Depression and the New Deal


In 1935, this New Deal act ensured that workers could organize and bargain collectively leading to an increase in union membership. (It set up the NLRB). :99 In 1935, this New Deal act ensured that workers could organize and bargain collectively leading to an increase in union membership. (It set up the NLRB). Wagner Act or National Labor Relations Act The Great Depression and the New Deal


New Deal program created n 1933 to CREATE JOBS IN SOUTHCONTROL FLOODSPROVIDE CHEAP ELECTRICITY :100 New Deal program created n 1933 to CREATE JOBS IN SOUTHCONTROL FLOODSPROVIDE CHEAP ELECTRICITY TVA – Tennessee Valley Authority, 1933 The Great Depression and the New Deal


In 1934, it ended the Dawes Seversalty Act and restored tribal ownership of lands, recognized tribal constitutions and government, and provided loans for economic development. :101 In 1934, it ended the Dawes Seversalty Act and restored tribal ownership of lands, recognized tribal constitutions and government, and provided loans for economic development. Indian Reorganization Act,1934 The Great Depression and the New Deal


This NEW DEAL act set maximum hours at 40 hours a week and minimum wage at 20 cents an hour (gradually rose to 40 cents). :102 This NEW DEAL act set maximum hours at 40 hours a week and minimum wage at 20 cents an hour (gradually rose to 40 cents). Fair Labor Standards Act, 1938 The Great Depression and the New Deal


Upset that the Supreme Court declared parts of the NEW DEAL unconstitutional (), this FDR’s plan add more justices to the Supreme Court (especially ones that were favorable to his policies). It failed and resulted in some New Dealers leaving the president’s side and humiliated President Franklin D. Roosevelt. :103 Upset that the Supreme Court declared parts of the NEW DEAL unconstitutional (), this FDR’s plan add more justices to the Supreme Court (especially ones that were favorable to his policies). It failed and resulted in some New Dealers leaving the president’s side and humiliated President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Court-Packing Scheme The Great Depression and the New Deal


FDR’s “New Deal” used __________ to enhance social welfare. :104 FDR’s “New Deal” used __________ to enhance social welfare. government The Great Depression and the New Deal


The New Deal DID NOT include specific programs to help ___________ but it did help many survive the Great Depression :105 The New Deal DID NOT include specific programs to help ___________ but it did help many survive the Great Depression African-Americans The Great Depression and the New Deal


In 1935, this NEW DEAL program employed people and provided $4 billion on 34,000 public works project which constructed dams, bridges, and public buildings. (IT CREATED JOBS BY BUILDING INFRASTRUCTURE). :106 In 1935, this NEW DEAL program employed people and provided $4 billion on 34,000 public works project which constructed dams, bridges, and public buildings. (IT CREATED JOBS BY BUILDING INFRASTRUCTURE). PWA – Public Works Administration The Great Depression and the New Deal


NEW DEAL program that employed people for 30 hours a week (so it could hire all the unemployed). IT employed artists painting murals in public buildings; actors, musicians, and dancers performing in poor neighborhood; and writers compiling guide books and local histories. :107 NEW DEAL program that employed people for 30 hours a week (so it could hire all the unemployed). IT employed artists painting murals in public buildings; actors, musicians, and dancers performing in poor neighborhood; and writers compiling guide books and local histories. WPA – Works Progress Administration The Great Depression and the New Deal


It organized skilled and semi-skilled workers in basic industries (steel, automobiles). Started by John Lewis, it split off from the AFL (organized workers by skills and trades, not as a whole industry) in 1935 :108 It organized skilled and semi-skilled workers in basic industries (steel, automobiles). Started by John Lewis, it split off from the AFL (organized workers by skills and trades, not as a whole industry) in 1935 CIO – Congress of Industrial Organizations The Great Depression and the New Deal


Although many African-Americans had been supporters of the Republican Party (think Emancipation Proclamation and Reconstruction Amendments), many became part of the Democratic Coalition that elected _______ in 1936. :109 Although many African-Americans had been supporters of the Republican Party (think Emancipation Proclamation and Reconstruction Amendments), many became part of the Democratic Coalition that elected _______ in 1936. FDR The Great Depression and the New Deal


Groups that supported FDR in the 1936 election including:White Southerners, African Americans, Ethnic minorities, and Union members :110 Groups that supported FDR in the 1936 election including:White Southerners, African Americans, Ethnic minorities, and Union members Democratic Coalition The Great Depression and the New Deal


A major critic of the NEW DEAL, he proposed the Old Age Revolving Pension Plan, which proposed that every retired person over 60 receive a pension of $200 a month (about twice the average week's salary). It required that the money be spent within the month. FDR eventually issued the Social Security Act of 1935. :111 A major critic of the NEW DEAL, he proposed the Old Age Revolving Pension Plan, which proposed that every retired person over 60 receive a pension of $200 a month (about twice the average week's salary). It required that the money be spent within the month. FDR eventually issued the Social Security Act of 1935. Dr. Francis Townsend The Great Depression and the New Deal


An outspoken critic of FDR’s NEW DEAL programs and he created the Share the Wealth society in 1934. He was a senator of Louisiana and called for the confiscation of all fortunes over $5 million and a 100% tax on annual incomes over $1 million. He was assassinated in 1935 and his successor Gerald K. Smith lacked the ability to be a strong head of the society. :112 An outspoken critic of FDR’s NEW DEAL programs and he created the Share the Wealth society in 1934. He was a senator of Louisiana and called for the confiscation of all fortunes over $5 million and a 100% tax on annual incomes over $1 million. He was assassinated in 1935 and his successor Gerald K. Smith lacked the ability to be a strong head of the society. Huey Long The Great Depression and the New Deal


Shanty towns of unemployed and homeless people which sprang up in cities all across the country during the Great Depression :113 Shanty towns of unemployed and homeless people which sprang up in cities all across the country during the Great Depression “Hoovervilles” The Great Depression and the New Deal


FDR’s policy that the U.S. would respect the rights of other nations. This policy was used on various occasions of armed troops being sent to Latin America to maintain political stability. Ultimately this resulted in support from Latin America during World War II. :114 FDR’s policy that the U.S. would respect the rights of other nations. This policy was used on various occasions of armed troops being sent to Latin America to maintain political stability. Ultimately this resulted in support from Latin America during World War II. Good Neighbor Policy The Great Depression and the New Deal


World War II :115 World War II World War II


Fascist leader of Nazi Germany :116 Fascist leader of Nazi Germany Adolf Hitler World War II


Fascist leader of Italy that joined with Hitler during WWII :117 Fascist leader of Italy that joined with Hitler during WWII Benito Mussolini World War II


(as a result of Japanese invasion of Manchuria in China) In 1932, it stated that the US would not recognize any territorial acquisitions achieved through force. (WE DIDN’T DO ANYTHING ABOUT JAPAN THOUGH) :118 (as a result of Japanese invasion of Manchuria in China) In 1932, it stated that the US would not recognize any territorial acquisitions achieved through force. (WE DIDN’T DO ANYTHING ABOUT JAPAN THOUGH) Stimson Doctrine, 1932 World War II


Neutrality Acts of the 1930s were supported by isolationists who based their ideas on this former president? :119 Neutrality Acts of the 1930s were supported by isolationists who based their ideas on this former president? George Washington World War II


Established by the Neutrality Act of 1939, it provided for the sale of weapons to European allies on the basis that they would pay up front and provide their own transportation (it made it so we wouldn't have to give war loans to these countries which had caused problems after WWI) :120 Established by the Neutrality Act of 1939, it provided for the sale of weapons to European allies on the basis that they would pay up front and provide their own transportation (it made it so we wouldn't have to give war loans to these countries which had caused problems after WWI) “Cash and Carry” World War II


British Prime Minister wanted more help from the US, (b/c Germany was bombing them daily) so this deal was set up. The US gave Britain several older naval ships in return for the military bases on British-held Caribbean islands. :121 British Prime Minister wanted more help from the US, (b/c Germany was bombing them daily) so this deal was set up. The US gave Britain several older naval ships in return for the military bases on British-held Caribbean islands. Destroyers for Bases World War II


Drawn up in a secret meeting (1941) between Winston Churchill (British Prime Minister) and FDR it expressed their ideas of a postwar world, and frowned upon aggression, affirmed national self-determination, and endorsed the principles of collective security and disarmament. :122 Drawn up in a secret meeting (1941) between Winston Churchill (British Prime Minister) and FDR it expressed their ideas of a postwar world, and frowned upon aggression, affirmed national self-determination, and endorsed the principles of collective security and disarmament. Atlantic Charter, 1941 World War II


Authorized the president to transfer, lend, or lease any article of defense equipment to any government whose defense was deemed vital to the defense of the U.S. (especially Great Britain and Russia so they could fight against Nazi Germany). It allowed the U.S. to send supplies and ammunition to the Allies without technically fighting in the war. :123 Authorized the president to transfer, lend, or lease any article of defense equipment to any government whose defense was deemed vital to the defense of the U.S. (especially Great Britain and Russia so they could fight against Nazi Germany). It allowed the U.S. to send supplies and ammunition to the Allies without technically fighting in the war. Lend-Lease Act, 1941 World War II


Passed in 1940, it was the first “peace time” draft for all males 21-35 for military service. It signaled that FDR’s stance was shifting from isolationism to interventionism :124 Passed in 1940, it was the first “peace time” draft for all males 21-35 for military service. It signaled that FDR’s stance was shifting from isolationism to interventionism Selective Service Act, 1940 World War II


The event that brought the U.S. into WWII. It was planned b/c the Japanese wanted a Pacific empire and they were angry that FDR cut off shipments of oil, steel, and scrap iron that they depended on. FDR demanded that the Japanese withdraw from Manchuria, China? :125 The event that brought the U.S. into WWII. It was planned b/c the Japanese wanted a Pacific empire and they were angry that FDR cut off shipments of oil, steel, and scrap iron that they depended on. FDR demanded that the Japanese withdraw from Manchuria, China? Pearl Harbor, December 7. 1941 World War II


The US military strategy after entering WWII was to defeat ____________ first and then focus on___________. :126 The US military strategy after entering WWII was to defeat ____________ first and then focus on___________. Germany, Japan World War II


It provided for the independence of the Philippine Islands after 12 years (1946); It also provided for trade relations with the U.S. effective 10 years after the inauguration of an authorized government. :127 It provided for the independence of the Philippine Islands after 12 years (1946); It also provided for trade relations with the U.S. effective 10 years after the inauguration of an authorized government. Tydings-McDuffie Act, 1934, Philippines World War II


Axis powers in WWII? :128 Axis powers in WWII? Germany, Italy, and Japan World War II


Allies in WWII? :129 Allies in WWII? Great Britain, France, Russia, and the US World War II


The “Big Three” in WWII? :130 The “Big Three” in WWII? Roosevelt (FDR), Winston Churchill (Great Britain) , and Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union) World War II


(1943) Meeting with Big Three (Stalin did not go though) in which they decided to invade Sicily and eventually Italy from North Africa. They decided to demand an “unconditional” surrender from the Axis powers. :131 (1943) Meeting with Big Three (Stalin did not go though) in which they decided to invade Sicily and eventually Italy from North Africa. They decided to demand an “unconditional” surrender from the Axis powers. Casablanca Conference, 1943 World War II


(1943) Meeting of Big Three where early idea for D-Day invasion was planned (land on beach in France to gain a foothold in Europe against Hitler). Stalin also agreed to fight against Japan after defeating Germany, but he argued over what would happen to Germany after the war (he wanted to use Eastern Europe as a buffer zone between Russia and Germany). :132 (1943) Meeting of Big Three where early idea for D-Day invasion was planned (land on beach in France to gain a foothold in Europe against Hitler). Stalin also agreed to fight against Japan after defeating Germany, but he argued over what would happen to Germany after the war (he wanted to use Eastern Europe as a buffer zone between Russia and Germany). Tehran Conference,1943 World War II


Meeting of Big Three in 1945 to plan what to do with postwar Europe. Stalin agreed fight Japan within 3 months of defeating Germany (to be divided into 4 military zones) and to recognize free elections in Eastern Europe. It also created an early skeleton for the UN (United Nations) :133 Meeting of Big Three in 1945 to plan what to do with postwar Europe. Stalin agreed fight Japan within 3 months of defeating Germany (to be divided into 4 military zones) and to recognize free elections in Eastern Europe. It also created an early skeleton for the UN (United Nations) Yalta Conference World War II


Roosevelt had died suddenly and this conference (1945) had a new “Big Three” Harry Truman (new US president), Clement Attlee (Britain), and Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union). Lots of disagreement.GOALS:Demand unconditional surrender of JapanSet up war-tribunals to deal w/ war crimesOrganize the occupation of Germany after WWII :134 Roosevelt had died suddenly and this conference (1945) had a new “Big Three” Harry Truman (new US president), Clement Attlee (Britain), and Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union). Lots of disagreement.GOALS:Demand unconditional surrender of JapanSet up war-tribunals to deal w/ war crimesOrganize the occupation of Germany after WWII Potsdam Conference, 1945 World War II


What revived the US economy from the depths of the Depression? :135 What revived the US economy from the depths of the Depression? Military spending in WWII World War II


It established a nationwide rationing system for consumer goods (to help conserve for the war effort) during WWII? :136 It established a nationwide rationing system for consumer goods (to help conserve for the war effort) during WWII? OPA – Office of Price Administration World War II


Nickname given to women during WWII who did industrial work? :137 Nickname given to women during WWII who did industrial work? Rosie the Riveter World War II


In 1942, FDR ordered all Japanese Americans living on the West Coast in to these b/c they were seen as a potential security threat? :138 In 1942, FDR ordered all Japanese Americans living on the West Coast in to these b/c they were seen as a potential security threat? Japanese Internment Camps World War II


Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of Japanese internment camps as a wartime necessity (1944). :139 Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of Japanese internment camps as a wartime necessity (1944). Korematsu v. United States, 1944 World War II


Top secret project led by Robert Oppenheimer at Los Alamos, New Mexico and Oakridge, Tennessee to develop the atomic bomb? :140 Top secret project led by Robert Oppenheimer at Los Alamos, New Mexico and Oakridge, Tennessee to develop the atomic bomb? Manhattan Project World War II


President that made the decision to drop the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan :141 President that made the decision to drop the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan Harry Truman World War II


Why did President Harry decide to drop the atomic bomb on Japan? :142 Why did President Harry decide to drop the atomic bomb on Japan? Less loss of American lives, get Japan to surrender, the Soviet Union wouldn’t get involved and it would be an example to convince it to be more cooperative. World War II


The Cold War 1945-1989 :143 The Cold War 1945-1989 The Cold War 1945-1989


Meant as a offer for aid against communism and designed to block Soviet expansion.The US policy of CONTAINMENT OF COMMUNISM. A major portion of Cold War ideology, a feeling of personal responsibility for the containment of communism.Influenced by George Keenan (US diplomat and Soviet Union specialist) :144 Meant as a offer for aid against communism and designed to block Soviet expansion.The US policy of CONTAINMENT OF COMMUNISM. A major portion of Cold War ideology, a feeling of personal responsibility for the containment of communism.Influenced by George Keenan (US diplomat and Soviet Union specialist) Truman Doctrine The Cold War 1945-1989


Plan to rebuild Western Europe after WWII. It was a program of economic aid to rebuild Europe and help prevent the spread of communism. :145 Plan to rebuild Western Europe after WWII. It was a program of economic aid to rebuild Europe and help prevent the spread of communism. Marshall Plan The Cold War 1945-1989


10 Western European nations, the US, and Canada created this military alliance after WWII (it was a break from our traditional isolationism and did not support communism) countries :146 10 Western European nations, the US, and Canada created this military alliance after WWII (it was a break from our traditional isolationism and did not support communism) countries NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization The Cold War 1945-1989


When the Soviets refused to allow US, British, and France to gain access to Berlin. This was started to supply residents of Berlin. After 321 days in 1949 Russia agreed to end blockade if the Council of Foreign Ministers would agree to discuss Berlin. It provided food and supplies to the blockaded people and intensified antagonism against Stalin. :147 When the Soviets refused to allow US, British, and France to gain access to Berlin. This was started to supply residents of Berlin. After 321 days in 1949 Russia agreed to end blockade if the Council of Foreign Ministers would agree to discuss Berlin. It provided food and supplies to the blockaded people and intensified antagonism against Stalin. Berlin Airlift The Cold War 1945-1989


He was the leader of Communist China who set up the People’s Republic of China in 1949. The U.S. refused to recognize his government and saw China as a communist threat. :148 He was the leader of Communist China who set up the People’s Republic of China in 1949. The U.S. refused to recognize his government and saw China as a communist threat. Mao Zedong The Cold War 1945-1989


FOUGHT OVER TRUMAN DOCTRINE (CONTAINMENT OF COMMUNISM)After WWII, it had been partitioned along the 38th parallel into a northern zone governed by the Soviet Union, and a southern zone controlled by the U.S. In 1950, after the Russians had withdrawn, leaving a communist government in the North, the North invaded the South. The U.N. raised an international army led by the U.S. to stop the North. It was the first use of U.N. military forces to enforce international peace. BORDER SET UP AT 38th Parallel :149 FOUGHT OVER TRUMAN DOCTRINE (CONTAINMENT OF COMMUNISM)After WWII, it had been partitioned along the 38th parallel into a northern zone governed by the Soviet Union, and a southern zone controlled by the U.S. In 1950, after the Russians had withdrawn, leaving a communist government in the North, the North invaded the South. The U.N. raised an international army led by the U.S. to stop the North. It was the first use of U.N. military forces to enforce international peace. BORDER SET UP AT 38th Parallel Korean War, 1950-1953 The Cold War 1945-1989


He was fired by Truman after disagreeing over fighting a limited war in Korea. :150 He was fired by Truman after disagreeing over fighting a limited war in Korea. General Douglas MacArthur The Cold War 1945-1989


Desegregation of the Armed Forces, 1948In 1948, he issued an executive order establishing which desegregated the military? :151 Desegregation of the Armed Forces, 1948In 1948, he issued an executive order establishing which desegregated the military? Harry Truman The Cold War 1945-1989


Who defeated the French leading the French to withdraw from Vietnam in 1954 (he became the communist leader of North Vietnam)? :152 Who defeated the French leading the French to withdraw from Vietnam in 1954 (he became the communist leader of North Vietnam)? Ho Chi Minh The Cold War 1945-1989


A term applied to the actions of the US under Eisenhower and USSR under Khrushchev for maintaining peace and reducing the possibility of war between the two nations. :153 A term applied to the actions of the US under Eisenhower and USSR under Khrushchev for maintaining peace and reducing the possibility of war between the two nations. PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE The Cold War 1945-1989


This was the idea that if one nation fell under communist control, other nations would as well. :154 This was the idea that if one nation fell under communist control, other nations would as well. Domino Effect The Cold War 1945-1989


October, 1957 - The first artificial satellite sent into space, launched by the Soviets? BONUS – It led to the development of what by Eisenhower? :155 October, 1957 - The first artificial satellite sent into space, launched by the Soviets? BONUS – It led to the development of what by Eisenhower? Sputnik, BONUS - NASA The Cold War 1945-1989


Sputnik led to the National Defense Education Act, which provided more federal money to? :156 Sputnik led to the National Defense Education Act, which provided more federal money to? education The Cold War 1945-1989


OTHER - Diplomatic struggles during the Cold War (3) :157 OTHER - Diplomatic struggles during the Cold War (3) Suez Canal Crisis (Egypt took it over) Fidel Castro led a communist revolution in Cuba (1959) Soviet Union shot down an American U-2 spy plane (embarrassed us) The Cold War 1945-1989


Wisconsin Senator who began sensational campaign in February, 1950 by asserting that the U.S. State Department had been infiltrated by Communists. In 1953 became Chair of the Senate Sub- Committee on Investigations and accused the Army of covering up foreign espionage. His hearings made him look so foolish that further investigations were halted. Started “Red Scare” of the 1950s :158 Wisconsin Senator who began sensational campaign in February, 1950 by asserting that the U.S. State Department had been infiltrated by Communists. In 1953 became Chair of the Senate Sub- Committee on Investigations and accused the Army of covering up foreign espionage. His hearings made him look so foolish that further investigations were halted. Started “Red Scare” of the 1950s Joseph McCarthy The Cold War 1945-1989


A former State Department official who was accused of being a Communist spy during the “Red Scare” of the 1950s. He was convicted of perjury. The case was prosecuted by Richard Nixon. :159 A former State Department official who was accused of being a Communist spy during the “Red Scare” of the 1950s. He was convicted of perjury. The case was prosecuted by Richard Nixon. Alger Hiss The Cold War 1945-1989


Arrested in the Summer of 1950 and executed in 1953, they were convicted of conspiring to commit espionage by passing plans for the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union. :160 Arrested in the Summer of 1950 and executed in 1953, they were convicted of conspiring to commit espionage by passing plans for the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union. Julius and Ethel Rosenberg The Cold War 1945-1989


McCarthy’s “Red Scare” even led to the motion picture industry in Hollywood prompting movie executives to institute this?It ruined the careers of about 500 entertainment professionals (even if the allegations weren’t true. :161 McCarthy’s “Red Scare” even led to the motion picture industry in Hollywood prompting movie executives to institute this?It ruined the careers of about 500 entertainment professionals (even if the allegations weren’t true. Hollywood “Blacklist” The Cold War 1945-1989


They occurred in 1954 when Joseph McCarthy accused the military of being infiltrated by communists. They led to Joseph McCarthy being condemned from the senate for “conduct unbecoming a member”. They ended the McCarthy “Red Scare” witch hunts? :162 They occurred in 1954 when Joseph McCarthy accused the military of being infiltrated by communists. They led to Joseph McCarthy being condemned from the senate for “conduct unbecoming a member”. They ended the McCarthy “Red Scare” witch hunts? Army-McCarthy Hearings, 1954 The Cold War 1945-1989


The Unfinished Fifties :163 The Unfinished Fifties The Unfinished Fifties


They walked out of the 1948 Democratic National Convention to demonstrate their opposition to Harry Truman’s civil rights legislation (desegregated the armed forces w/executive order in 1948) :164 They walked out of the 1948 Democratic National Convention to demonstrate their opposition to Harry Truman’s civil rights legislation (desegregated the armed forces w/executive order in 1948) Dixiecrats The Unfinished Fifties


It ruled that segregation in public schools violated the equal protection rights of the 14th Amendment and nullified the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896. It also became a template for the NAACP to use the “equal protection” clause of the 14th Amendment to pursue civil rights. :165 It ruled that segregation in public schools violated the equal protection rights of the 14th Amendment and nullified the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896. It also became a template for the NAACP to use the “equal protection” clause of the 14th Amendment to pursue civil rights. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 1954 The Unfinished Fifties


Dwight Eisenhower sent federal troops to Central High School in Arkansas to enforce court ordered desegregation. Governor Orval Faubus disagreed, but could not stop the president. The students who attended Central High School became better known as the ________________? :166 Dwight Eisenhower sent federal troops to Central High School in Arkansas to enforce court ordered desegregation. Governor Orval Faubus disagreed, but could not stop the president. The students who attended Central High School became better known as the ________________? Little Rock 9 The Unfinished Fifties


He was the head of the SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference) and helped lead the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1956 (among many other things). He is the most famous civil rights leader? :167 He was the head of the SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference) and helped lead the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1956 (among many other things). He is the most famous civil rights leader? Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. The Unfinished Fifties


MLK advocated using this tactic to combat the segregation laws and discrimination (inspired by Henry David Thoreau and Gandhi) :168 MLK advocated using this tactic to combat the segregation laws and discrimination (inspired by Henry David Thoreau and Gandhi) Civil Disobedience The Unfinished Fifties


Students staged the first sit-ins at lunch counters to protest segregation here? :169 Students staged the first sit-ins at lunch counters to protest segregation here? Greensboro, NC The Unfinished Fifties


Name given to the generation born in the late 1940s and during the 1950s. The US had entered a golden age of prosperity. :170 Name given to the generation born in the late 1940s and during the 1950s. The US had entered a golden age of prosperity. Baby Boomers The Unfinished Fifties


Examples of television programs of the 1950s that portrayed women in their roles as house wives? :171 Examples of television programs of the 1950s that portrayed women in their roles as house wives? I Love Lucy, Father Knows Best, and The Honeymooners The Unfinished Fifties


This was passed during the Eisenhower administration and led to the growth of suburbia. It created things like I-65 and linked major cities? :172 This was passed during the Eisenhower administration and led to the growth of suburbia. It created things like I-65 and linked major cities? Federal Highway Act, 1956 The Unfinished Fifties


Many of the SOCIAL CRITICS AND WRITERS AGAINST THE POSTWAR CONFORMITY of the 1950s such as William Whyte (The Organization Man), David Riesman (The Lonely Crowd), Sloan Wilson (The Man in the Flannel Gray Suit), and John Kenneth Galbraith (The Affluent Society) called the TELEVISION a “______________” :173 Many of the SOCIAL CRITICS AND WRITERS AGAINST THE POSTWAR CONFORMITY of the 1950s such as William Whyte (The Organization Man), David Riesman (The Lonely Crowd), Sloan Wilson (The Man in the Flannel Gray Suit), and John Kenneth Galbraith (The Affluent Society) called the TELEVISION a “______________” “Vast Wasteland” The Unfinished Fifties


Challenged tradition and conformityin the 1950s, they shocked many Americans with their crazy lifestyle and started the counterculture movement (EX: Jack Kerouac On the Road – which rejected middle-class culture and conformity) :174 Challenged tradition and conformityin the 1950s, they shocked many Americans with their crazy lifestyle and started the counterculture movement (EX: Jack Kerouac On the Road – which rejected middle-class culture and conformity) BEATNIKS or The Beat Generation, Beat Movement The Unfinished Fifties


What would be a good label for the following:Rock and Roll artists (influenced by rhythm and blues)Abstract artists of the late 1940s and 1950s (Jackson Pollack made paintings that expressed the state of mind)Young actors like James Dean and Marlon Brando :175 What would be a good label for the following:Rock and Roll artists (influenced by rhythm and blues)Abstract artists of the late 1940s and 1950s (Jackson Pollack made paintings that expressed the state of mind)Young actors like James Dean and Marlon Brando Cultural Rebels of the 1950s The Unfinished Fifties


The Tumultuous Sixties :176 The Tumultuous Sixties The Tumultuous Sixties


Innovative, charming, self-confident, and energetic, JFK vigorously called on the American people to support his programs of domestic reform and foreign policy. He hoped for "more sacrifice instead of more security" in a nation on "the frontier of unknown opportunities and perils." WHAT ARE HIS POLICIES OFTEN CALLED? :177 Innovative, charming, self-confident, and energetic, JFK vigorously called on the American people to support his programs of domestic reform and foreign policy. He hoped for "more sacrifice instead of more security" in a nation on "the frontier of unknown opportunities and perils." WHAT ARE HIS POLICIES OFTEN CALLED? The New Frontier The Tumultuous Sixties


Name for the White House when JFK and his wife Jacqueline Kennedy who helped bring it more elegance resided there (compared them to King Arthur’s court)? :178 Name for the White House when JFK and his wife Jacqueline Kennedy who helped bring it more elegance resided there (compared them to King Arthur’s court)? Camelot The Tumultuous Sixties


Lyndon Johnson’s program to use the federal government to enhance social welfare.Included:Civil Rights Act of 1964Voting Rights Act of 1965Medicare and MedicaidThe War on PovertyHead Start (federal money to education)Affirmative Action :179 Lyndon Johnson’s program to use the federal government to enhance social welfare.Included:Civil Rights Act of 1964Voting Rights Act of 1965Medicare and MedicaidThe War on PovertyHead Start (federal money to education)Affirmative Action The Great Society The Tumultuous Sixties


Differences between the New Deal (FDR) and The Great Society (Lyndon Johnson) (2)? :180 Differences between the New Deal (FDR) and The Great Society (Lyndon Johnson) (2)? Great Society helped start Head Start (preschool for disadvantaged children) Great Society included laws to protect African-Americans The Tumultuous Sixties


Sheriff who arrested MLK Jr. and protestors in Birmingham, Alabama. He used fire hoses and dogs to disperse protestors and millions were terrified by the images on TV. :181 Sheriff who arrested MLK Jr. and protestors in Birmingham, Alabama. He used fire hoses and dogs to disperse protestors and millions were terrified by the images on TV. Eugene “Bull” Connor The Tumultuous Sixties


Martin Luther King wrote this in 1963 after being arrested by Bull Connor. In it he argued that citizens had a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws (civil disobedience)? :182 Martin Luther King wrote this in 1963 after being arrested by Bull Connor. In it he argued that citizens had a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws (civil disobedience)? Letter from a Birmingham Jail The Tumultuous Sixties


In 1963, Dr. King led a march on Washington to support President Kennedy’s Civil Rights Act of 1964. It is most famous for? :183 In 1963, Dr. King led a march on Washington to support President Kennedy’s Civil Rights Act of 1964. It is most famous for? “I have a dream” speech The Tumultuous Sixties


Started in the late 1960s, it said that African-Americans should establish full control of their own economic and political life. :184 Started in the late 1960s, it said that African-Americans should establish full control of their own economic and political life. Black Power Movement The Tumultuous Sixties


Head of SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee), he coined the phrase “Black Power’? :185 Head of SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee), he coined the phrase “Black Power’? Stokley Carmichael The Tumultuous Sixties


Led by Bobby Seale and Huey Newton (in 1966), they believed that racism was an inherent part of the U.S. capitalist society and were militant, self-styled revolutionaries for Black Power. :186 Led by Bobby Seale and Huey Newton (in 1966), they believed that racism was an inherent part of the U.S. capitalist society and were militant, self-styled revolutionaries for Black Power. Black Panthers The Tumultuous Sixties


Betty Friedan was the first president of NOW (National Organization for Women – founded in 1966 to challenge sex discrimination in the workplace ) and wrote this influential book (1963) that helped start the modern feminist movement?It attacked the “cult of domesticity” :187 Betty Friedan was the first president of NOW (National Organization for Women – founded in 1966 to challenge sex discrimination in the workplace ) and wrote this influential book (1963) that helped start the modern feminist movement?It attacked the “cult of domesticity” The Feminine Mystique The Tumultuous Sixties


A marine biologist that wrote and published Silent Spring. It addressed her concerns on the environmental hazards of pesticides (helped bring out discussion on environmental issues). Her writings coincided with many other novels which brought social issues to the surface such as Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique. :188 A marine biologist that wrote and published Silent Spring. It addressed her concerns on the environmental hazards of pesticides (helped bring out discussion on environmental issues). Her writings coincided with many other novels which brought social issues to the surface such as Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique. Rachel Carson The Tumultuous Sixties


1973Supreme Court ruled unconstitutional most state statutes restricting abortion. It ruled that a state may not prevent a woman from having an abortion during the first 3 months of pregnancy, and could regulate, but not prohibit abortion during the second trimester. Decision in effect overturned anti-abortion laws in 46 states.WOMEN’S RIGHT TO CHOOSE :189 1973Supreme Court ruled unconstitutional most state statutes restricting abortion. It ruled that a state may not prevent a woman from having an abortion during the first 3 months of pregnancy, and could regulate, but not prohibit abortion during the second trimester. Decision in effect overturned anti-abortion laws in 46 states.WOMEN’S RIGHT TO CHOOSE Roe v. Wade The Tumultuous Sixties


Initiated by JFK in 1961, it aimed to establish cooperation between North and South America. It was intended to counter the communist threat in Cuba? :190 Initiated by JFK in 1961, it aimed to establish cooperation between North and South America. It was intended to counter the communist threat in Cuba? Alliance for Progress The Tumultuous Sixties


MAJOR COLD WAR EVENTAmerican-trained Cuban expatriates left from Nicaragua to try to topple Castro's regime in 1961. They expected a popular uprising to sweep them to victory, but the local populace didn’t support them. When promised U.S. air cover also failed to materialize, the invaders were easily killed or captured by the Cuban forces. Many of the survivors were ransomed back to the U.S. for $64 million. President Kennedy had directed the operation and the US was embarrassed by it. :191 MAJOR COLD WAR EVENTAmerican-trained Cuban expatriates left from Nicaragua to try to topple Castro's regime in 1961. They expected a popular uprising to sweep them to victory, but the local populace didn’t support them. When promised U.S. air cover also failed to materialize, the invaders were easily killed or captured by the Cuban forces. Many of the survivors were ransomed back to the U.S. for $64 million. President Kennedy had directed the operation and the US was embarrassed by it. Bay of Pigs Invasion, 1961 The Tumultuous Sixties


It was a major confrontation between the U.S and Russia in 1962 following the discovery of nuclear missile sites in Cuba. Kennedy placed a blockade on the island and Russia agreed to remove the missiles rather than provoke a nuclear war. It was the most imminent threat of nuclear annihilation and thereafter, a hot line was established between the White House and the Kremlin to prevent accidental missile launches. The U.S. removed nuclear weapons from Turkey and promised to not invade Cuba. :192 It was a major confrontation between the U.S and Russia in 1962 following the discovery of nuclear missile sites in Cuba. Kennedy placed a blockade on the island and Russia agreed to remove the missiles rather than provoke a nuclear war. It was the most imminent threat of nuclear annihilation and thereafter, a hot line was established between the White House and the Kremlin to prevent accidental missile launches. The U.S. removed nuclear weapons from Turkey and promised to not invade Cuba. Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962 The Tumultuous Sixties


August, 1964 - After the U.S. Navy ship Maddux reportedly was fired on, the U.S. Congress passed this which gave the president power to send troops to Vietnam to protect against further North Vietnamese aggression. GOT US INVOLVED IN VIETNAM and GAVE PRESIDENT JOHNON A BLANK CHECK TO ESCALATE THE WAR IN VIETNAM :193 August, 1964 - After the U.S. Navy ship Maddux reportedly was fired on, the U.S. Congress passed this which gave the president power to send troops to Vietnam to protect against further North Vietnamese aggression. GOT US INVOLVED IN VIETNAM and GAVE PRESIDENT JOHNON A BLANK CHECK TO ESCALATE THE WAR IN VIETNAM Gulf of Tonkin Resultion The Tumultuous Sixties


1968, during the Vietnam lunar new year - Viet Cong and North Vietnamese Army raiding forces attacked provincial capitals throughout Vietnam, even seizing the U.S. embassy for a time. U.S. OPINION BEGAN TURNING AGAINST THE WAR B/C OF THIS! :194 1968, during the Vietnam lunar new year - Viet Cong and North Vietnamese Army raiding forces attacked provincial capitals throughout Vietnam, even seizing the U.S. embassy for a time. U.S. OPINION BEGAN TURNING AGAINST THE WAR B/C OF THIS! Tet Offensive, 1968 The Tumultuous Sixties


Protest Groups of the 1960s: :195 Protest Groups of the 1960s: African-Americans, American Indians, Women, Youth, Hispanic Americans, and Hippies The Tumultuous Sixties


Supreme Court Case(1966) Court declared that police officers must inform persons they arrest of their rights: the right to remain silent and the right to counsel during interrogation. :196 Supreme Court Case(1966) Court declared that police officers must inform persons they arrest of their rights: the right to remain silent and the right to counsel during interrogation. Miranda v. Arizona, 1966 The Tumultuous Sixties


1968 to Present Key Events and Trends :197 1968 to Present Key Events and Trends 1968 to Present Key Events and Trends


1968 - Ran as the American Independent Party candidate in the presidential election. A right-wing racist, he appealed to the people's fear of big government and made a good showing. Former governor of Alabama that was FOR SEGREGATION AND STATE”S RIGHTS? :198 1968 - Ran as the American Independent Party candidate in the presidential election. A right-wing racist, he appealed to the people's fear of big government and made a good showing. Former governor of Alabama that was FOR SEGREGATION AND STATE”S RIGHTS? George Wallace 1968 to Present Key Events and Trends


His assassination led to a split in the Democratic Party in 1968. It also led to Vice President Hubert Humphrey beating out Eugene McCarthy for the Democratic nomination? :199 His assassination led to a split in the Democratic Party in 1968. It also led to Vice President Hubert Humphrey beating out Eugene McCarthy for the Democratic nomination? Robert Kennedy 1968 to Present Key Events and Trends


Name for the group that opposed the Vietnam War and were led by William Fulbright (he wrote his critique of war called The Arrogance of Power)? :200 Name for the group that opposed the Vietnam War and were led by William Fulbright (he wrote his critique of war called The Arrogance of Power)? Doves 1968 to Present Key Events and Trends


Name for the group that supported the Vietnam War, believing that withdrawing troops was surrender :201 Name for the group that supported the Vietnam War, believing that withdrawing troops was surrender Hawks 1968 to Present Key Events and Trends


The name given by president Nixon to the moderate mainstream Americans who quietly supported his Vietnam policies (believed they were justified)? :202 The name given by president Nixon to the moderate mainstream Americans who quietly supported his Vietnam policies (believed they were justified)? Silent Majority 1968 to Present Key Events and Trends


Nixon’s gradual withdraw of American troops from Vietnam they were slowly replaced by newly trained Vietnamese troops). It promised to bring “peace with honor” :203 Nixon’s gradual withdraw of American troops from Vietnam they were slowly replaced by newly trained Vietnamese troops). It promised to bring “peace with honor” Vietnamization 1968 to Present Key Events and Trends


This event led to the Kent State Riots in 1970 where 1.5 million angry college students shut down 1,200 campuses. The National Guard fired into crowds killing 4 students and wounding 9. :204 This event led to the Kent State Riots in 1970 where 1.5 million angry college students shut down 1,200 campuses. The National Guard fired into crowds killing 4 students and wounding 9. Invasion of Cambodia 1968 to Present Key Events and Trends


Nixon ordered this in 1970 without consulting congress in order to clean the Viet Cong out of this area? :205 Nixon ordered this in 1970 without consulting congress in order to clean the Viet Cong out of this area? Invasion of Cambodia, 1970 1968 to Present Key Events and Trends


This event angered Americans (because the National Guard killed and wounded protesting Americans) and triggered massive anti-war rallies in the U.S after the Invasion of Cambodia? :206 This event angered Americans (because the National Guard killed and wounded protesting Americans) and triggered massive anti-war rallies in the U.S after the Invasion of Cambodia? Kent State Riots, 1970 1968 to Present Key Events and Trends


Negotiated by Nixon’s National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger in 1973, they ended the Vietnam War by America agreeing to withdraw troops in exchange for the release of 500 prisoners of war? :207 Negotiated by Nixon’s National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger in 1973, they ended the Vietnam War by America agreeing to withdraw troops in exchange for the release of 500 prisoners of war? Paris Accords, 1973 1968 to Present Key Events and Trends


Nixon and Kissinger’s call for A RELAXATION OF TENSIONS BETWEEN THE U.S. AND SOVIET UNION (a new more flexible foreign policy) :208 Nixon and Kissinger’s call for A RELAXATION OF TENSIONS BETWEEN THE U.S. AND SOVIET UNION (a new more flexible foreign policy) Detente 1968 to Present Key Events and Trends


A series of Nixon led agreements between the Soviet Union and US. They limited the number of Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles a superpower could have :209 A series of Nixon led agreements between the Soviet Union and US. They limited the number of Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles a superpower could have SALT 1 (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks) 1968 to Present Key Events and Trends


Nixon’s plan that called for distributing a part of federal power to state and local governments. With revenue sharing, state and local government could spend federal dollars (with some limitations)HE WANTED TO REDUCE THE INFLUENCE AND SIZE OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT. :210 Nixon’s plan that called for distributing a part of federal power to state and local governments. With revenue sharing, state and local government could spend federal dollars (with some limitations)HE WANTED TO REDUCE THE INFLUENCE AND SIZE OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT. New Federalism 1968 to Present Key Events and Trends


A combination of rising inflation and rising unemployment? :211 A combination of rising inflation and rising unemployment? Stagflation 1968 to Present Key Events and Trends


Created in 1909 by Theodore Roosevelt, it aimed to achieve more efficient and responsible management of the nation’s resources. :212 Created in 1909 by Theodore Roosevelt, it aimed to achieve more efficient and responsible management of the nation’s resources. National Conservation Commission The Progressive Era