APUS Master Review Game Washington to Va

Master Review: Washington to Van Buren : 

Master Review: Washington to Van Buren Review Game A.P. U.S. History

SITUATION:U.S. paid tribute to pirates off coast of N. Africa for safe passage of ships in MediterraneanRESPONSEJefferson sent Navy to deal with pirates : 

2 SITUATION:U.S. paid tribute to pirates off coast of N. Africa for safe passage of ships in MediterraneanRESPONSEJefferson sent Navy to deal with pirates Barbary or Tripolitan Wars

Explain how we have a separation of powers because of the constitution. : 

3 Explain how we have a separation of powers because of the constitution. Executive, Legislative, Judicial w/ checks and balances

His steamboat, the Clermont, helped revolutionize travel at the beginning of the 1800s? : 

4 His steamboat, the Clermont, helped revolutionize travel at the beginning of the 1800s? Robert Fulton

WHAT:name for President Monroe's two termsperiod of strong nationalism, economic growth, and territorial expansionfewer partisan conflicts : 

5 WHAT:name for President Monroe's two termsperiod of strong nationalism, economic growth, and territorial expansionfewer partisan conflicts Era of Good Feelings

Written in response to John Adams and the Alien and Sedition Acts, they stated that states should have the right to “nullify” federal legislation that they thought was unconstitutional? : 

6 Written in response to John Adams and the Alien and Sedition Acts, they stated that states should have the right to “nullify” federal legislation that they thought was unconstitutional? Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

In this case, Chief Justice John Marshall (Federalist) declared pt. of the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional It established “Judicial Review” (Supreme Court can void an act of congress if it violates the Constitution!) : 

7 In this case, Chief Justice John Marshall (Federalist) declared pt. of the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional It established “Judicial Review” (Supreme Court can void an act of congress if it violates the Constitution!) Marbury v. Madison, 1803

William Henry Harrison defeated Tecumseh’s confederacy (when he was in the South recruiting) led by the Prophet (even thought he was told not to engage the army)William Henry Harrison became war hero! (Old Tippecanoe) : 

8 William Henry Harrison defeated Tecumseh’s confederacy (when he was in the South recruiting) led by the Prophet (even thought he was told not to engage the army)William Henry Harrison became war hero! (Old Tippecanoe) Battle of Tippecanoe, 1811

It is believed that Jefferson fathered children with her (not his wife)? : 

9 It is believed that Jefferson fathered children with her (not his wife)? Sally Hemmings

WHAT:John Adams wanted to keep federalist policies in place so he signed in these new appointees near the end of his term.SIGNIFICANCE:Led to Marbury v. Madison (judicial review) : 

10 WHAT:John Adams wanted to keep federalist policies in place so he signed in these new appointees near the end of his term.SIGNIFICANCE:Led to Marbury v. Madison (judicial review) “Midnight” Appointments or judges

Washington got his start in helping to start the French and Indian War. What fort did he build? : 

11 Washington got his start in helping to start the French and Indian War. What fort did he build? Fort Necessity

Meeting in NY of Continental Army officers to address Congress about their pay. They considered staging a coup and seizing control of the new government until Washington’s comments? : 

12 Meeting in NY of Continental Army officers to address Congress about their pay. They considered staging a coup and seizing control of the new government until Washington’s comments? Newburg Conspiracy, 1783

French diplomat - (1793) asked U.S. to send money and troops to aid the revolutionaries in France. Made Washington mad when he began recruiting men and arming ships in U.S. ports. : 

13 French diplomat - (1793) asked U.S. to send money and troops to aid the revolutionaries in France. Made Washington mad when he began recruiting men and arming ships in U.S. ports. “Citizen” Edmond Charles Genet

WHEN: 1819SITUATION:A state(HINT) was taxing the 2nd National BankSIGNIFICANCE: upheld the power of Congress to charter a bank as a government agency (translation 2nd National Bank is constitutional)denied the state the power to tax that agency. : 

14 WHEN: 1819SITUATION:A state(HINT) was taxing the 2nd National BankSIGNIFICANCE: upheld the power of Congress to charter a bank as a government agency (translation 2nd National Bank is constitutional)denied the state the power to tax that agency. McCulloch v. Maryland

When: 1819Significance:declared private corporation charters to be contracts and immune from impairment by states' legislative actionIt freed corporations from the states which created them. : 

15 When: 1819Significance:declared private corporation charters to be contracts and immune from impairment by states' legislative actionIt freed corporations from the states which created them. Dartmouth College v. Woodward

Eventually became first highway built by federal government. but… that’s later!Madison vetoed it because he was a strict constructionist! He thought - STATES WERE RESPONSIBLE FOR INFRASTRUCTURE : 

16 Eventually became first highway built by federal government. but… that’s later!Madison vetoed it because he was a strict constructionist! He thought - STATES WERE RESPONSIBLE FOR INFRASTRUCTURE The National Road (Cumberland Road)

WHAT:SOLUTION: (to avoid a civil war in 1820?) add Maine as a free stateadd Missouri as a slave stateban slavery in new territories above latitude line 36’30ALSO WHO ENGINEERED IT? : 

17 WHAT:SOLUTION: (to avoid a civil war in 1820?) add Maine as a free stateadd Missouri as a slave stateban slavery in new territories above latitude line 36’30ALSO WHO ENGINEERED IT? Missouri Compromise, Henry Clay

son of a poor German butcher, became richest man in country because of fur trade in New York City? : 

18 son of a poor German butcher, became richest man in country because of fur trade in New York City? John Jacob Astor

Who said this “We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists”? : 

19 Who said this “We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists”? Thomas Jefferson

Favored large states and offered a bicameral legislature based on equal representation : 

20 Favored large states and offered a bicameral legislature based on equal representation Virginia Plan

She helped found the Troy Female Seminary/NY – first college for women, 1821! : 

21 She helped found the Troy Female Seminary/NY – first college for women, 1821! Emma Willard

Created separate voting for pres. and vice pres - added in 1804 to prevent trouble (think Election 1800) A candidate would also need a majority of the electoral votes to win (if not it was to be decided in the House of Representatives)? : 

22 Created separate voting for pres. and vice pres - added in 1804 to prevent trouble (think Election 1800) A candidate would also need a majority of the electoral votes to win (if not it was to be decided in the House of Representatives)? 12th Amendment

Passed to try and get the French and British to accept U.S neutrality during the Napoleonic Wars, U.S. traded w/everybody EXCEPT Britain and France until neutrality respected : 

23 Passed to try and get the French and British to accept U.S neutrality during the Napoleonic Wars, U.S. traded w/everybody EXCEPT Britain and France until neutrality respected Non-Intercourse Act, 1809

“small” state plan, each state would have one vote (equal representation) in a unicameral (one house) legislature : 

24 “small” state plan, each state would have one vote (equal representation) in a unicameral (one house) legislature New Jersey Plan

Hamilton vs. JeffersonWhich preferred states rights limited terms for senators, was pro-French, and a strict or “narrow” constructionist? : 

25 Hamilton vs. JeffersonWhich preferred states rights limited terms for senators, was pro-French, and a strict or “narrow” constructionist? Thomas Jefferson

The deadly journey of slaves from West Africa to the West Indies? : 

26 The deadly journey of slaves from West Africa to the West Indies? Middle Passage

Name at least 2 causes of the War of 1812. : 

27 Name at least 2 causes of the War of 1812. Impressment of sailors by the British The British did not respect our neutrality (seizure of our ships) Britain kept inciting Native American attacks on the northwestern frontier agenda of War Hawks (get Canada and Florida)

Who: a group of extreme Federalists What: advocated New England’s secession from the U.S.the major force behind the calling of the antiwar Hartford Convention : 

28 Who: a group of extreme Federalists What: advocated New England’s secession from the U.S.the major force behind the calling of the antiwar Hartford Convention Essex Junto

WHAT: Election of 1824Four Candidates (Republicans): William Crawford, Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay, and John Quincy AdamsAndrew Jackson dominated election (won popular vote and electoral vote)PROBLEM:No majority in electoral collegeAccording to the 12th Amendment who decides?RESULT:John Quincy Adams won in House of RepresentativesHenry Clay appointed Secretary of StateWHAT SUPPOSEDLY HAPPENED? : 

29 WHAT: Election of 1824Four Candidates (Republicans): William Crawford, Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay, and John Quincy AdamsAndrew Jackson dominated election (won popular vote and electoral vote)PROBLEM:No majority in electoral collegeAccording to the 12th Amendment who decides?RESULT:John Quincy Adams won in House of RepresentativesHenry Clay appointed Secretary of StateWHAT SUPPOSEDLY HAPPENED? “Corrupt Bargain”

The first amendments to the constitution were intended to get support from the Anti-Federalists and make up the ________________. : 

30 The first amendments to the constitution were intended to get support from the Anti-Federalists and make up the ________________. Bill of Rights 1791

GROUPS THAT OPPOSED THE WAR OF 1812:Federalists in New England (pro-British and big business)New England merchants“____?____” or “Old” Republicans – the war violated commitment to limited federal government and peace : 

31 GROUPS THAT OPPOSED THE WAR OF 1812:Federalists in New England (pro-British and big business)New England merchants“____?____” or “Old” Republicans – the war violated commitment to limited federal government and peace Quids

freed slave, first to fight an English Champion, lost in 2 fights : 

32 freed slave, first to fight an English Champion, lost in 2 fights Tom Molineaux

RUM from New England distilleries, to West Africa for SLAVES, to West Indies for MOLASSES, then molasses traded for RUM…over and over and over again? : 

33 RUM from New England distilleries, to West Africa for SLAVES, to West Indies for MOLASSES, then molasses traded for RUM…over and over and over again? Triangular Trade

He defeated Tecumseh at Battle of the Thames River in 1813 and along with this victory and the Battle of Tippecanoe (earlier over Tecumseh’s brother) : 

34 He defeated Tecumseh at Battle of the Thames River in 1813 and along with this victory and the Battle of Tippecanoe (earlier over Tecumseh’s brother) William Henry Harrison

Washington’s farewell address in 1796warned against (3 things): name 2! : 

35 Washington’s farewell address in 1796warned against (3 things): name 2! Permanent alliances Political parties Avoid sectionalism

He explored the Louisiana Territory and also spied on Spanish while exploring! : 

36 He explored the Louisiana Territory and also spied on Spanish while exploring! Zebulon Pike

When: 1824Significance: (steamboat case)ruled that only the federal government has authority over interstate commerce. : 

37 When: 1824Significance: (steamboat case)ruled that only the federal government has authority over interstate commerce. Gibbons v. Ogden

WHAT:Defined the 49th parallel as the boundary between the U.S. and CanadaProvided a ten year joint occupation of Oregon Country with the Britishaffirmed U.S. rights to fisheries along Newfoundland and LabradorTRIVIA:Becomes the largest demilitarized border in the world. : 

38 WHAT:Defined the 49th parallel as the boundary between the U.S. and CanadaProvided a ten year joint occupation of Oregon Country with the Britishaffirmed U.S. rights to fisheries along Newfoundland and LabradorTRIVIA:Becomes the largest demilitarized border in the world. Treaty of 1818

He created the Cherokee alphabet? : 

39 He created the Cherokee alphabet? Sequoya

Commander of Continental Army during the Revolutionary War : 

40 Commander of Continental Army during the Revolutionary War George Washington

Provide the 5 points of Hamilton’s Economic Plan : 

41 Provide the 5 points of Hamilton’s Economic Plan All debts paid at face value (funding at par). To help establish credit and get support from the rich! Federal government would assume all of the debts owed by the states. Would tie the states more to the federal government! The debt financed with excise tax and bonds: Tariffs – taxes on foreign goods For revenue (money) For protection of new American industry Create a strong National Bank.

U.S. will trade with the first country that respects it’s neutrality!French under Napoleon agreed first (mainly to hurt the British) : 

42 U.S. will trade with the first country that respects it’s neutrality!French under Napoleon agreed first (mainly to hurt the British) Macon’s Bill #2, 1810

Election which led to a “revolution” and the 12th Amendment to the constitution (need year and 3 contenders)? : 

43 Election which led to a “revolution” and the 12th Amendment to the constitution (need year and 3 contenders)? Election of 1800, Adams, Jefferson, Burr

doubled size of U.S. (gained 828,000 square miles); 4 cents an acrebrought up strict v. loose construction argument : 

44 doubled size of U.S. (gained 828,000 square miles); 4 cents an acrebrought up strict v. loose construction argument Louisiana Purchase, 1804

Without this treaty in 1795, navigation on the Mississippi River and access to the Spanish held port of New Orleans wouldn’t have been possible (a major achievement during the Washington administration). : 

45 Without this treaty in 1795, navigation on the Mississippi River and access to the Spanish held port of New Orleans wouldn’t have been possible (a major achievement during the Washington administration). Pinckney’s Treaty 1795

The quick thinking of this individual when the British marched on Washington during the War of 1812 saved the Declaration, national seal, a portrait of Washington and a parrot : 

46 The quick thinking of this individual when the British marched on Washington during the War of 1812 saved the Declaration, national seal, a portrait of Washington and a parrot Dolley Madison

sold apple seedlings to people settling the frontierMyths – wandering vagabond who loved nature and was peaceful to Native Americans : 

47 sold apple seedlings to people settling the frontierMyths – wandering vagabond who loved nature and was peaceful to Native Americans Johnny Appleseed (John Chapman)

WHAT:opened first mechanized textile factory in U.S., 1814 good wagesclean quartershired local farm girlsIMPACT:helped change New England’s focus from shipping to manufacturing (industry) : 

48 WHAT:opened first mechanized textile factory in U.S., 1814 good wagesclean quartershired local farm girlsIMPACT:helped change New England’s focus from shipping to manufacturing (industry) Francis Cabot Lowell

Painting form that was most popular in America during the late 1700s? : 

49 Painting form that was most popular in America during the late 1700s? Portrait painting

When: 1821Significance: upheld the Supreme Court's jurisdiction to review a state court's decision where the case involved breaking federal laws(lottery tickets) : 

50 When: 1821Significance: upheld the Supreme Court's jurisdiction to review a state court's decision where the case involved breaking federal laws(lottery tickets) Cohens v. Virginia

When: 1810Significance: 1st time a state law was declared unconstitutional.Since the land grant was a legal contract, it could not be repealed, even if corruption was involved.Legal contracts can not be repealed.(crooked land deal Georgia) : 

51 When: 1810Significance: 1st time a state law was declared unconstitutional.Since the land grant was a legal contract, it could not be repealed, even if corruption was involved.Legal contracts can not be repealed.(crooked land deal Georgia) Fletcher v. Peck

The long list of landmark Supreme Court Cases John Marshall presided over tended to favor ____________over__________power. : 

52 The long list of landmark Supreme Court Cases John Marshall presided over tended to favor ____________over__________power. Federal over state power!

Major difference between 1st and 2nd National Banks? : 

53 Major difference between 1st and 2nd National Banks? 2nd was more powerful (helped make loans to industry)

Shawnee Chief wanted to form confederacy along frontier from Canada to Florida!His Brother Tenskwatawa (The Prophet)Realized that alcohol was a major problem for Native Americans.Sided w/ British during War of 1812 : 

54 Shawnee Chief wanted to form confederacy along frontier from Canada to Florida!His Brother Tenskwatawa (The Prophet)Realized that alcohol was a major problem for Native Americans.Sided w/ British during War of 1812 Tecumseh

BIG TREND – Growth in regionalism or sectionalism! WHY?WHAT were the economies of NE, WEST, and SOUTH based on (tell me each one)? : 

55 BIG TREND – Growth in regionalism or sectionalism! WHY?WHAT were the economies of NE, WEST, and SOUTH based on (tell me each one)? NE=manufacturing, business (wanted high tariffs for manufactured goods, not on raw materials) WEST=farming (wanted low tariffs for manufactured goods, and high prices for raw materials) SOUTH=plantation farming w/slaves (worried new western states could vote against slavery, taking it away)! ALL OF THEM – worried about who had most power in congress (think - Connecticut Compromise)!

WHAT:HOW WE GOT FLORIDA! – WHY?...Spain didn’t want a war!HOW:Monroe sent Andrew Jackson to punish Indians for attacks on Georgia Jackson was invaded Spanish Florida, burned villages, hanged offenders, and captured Pensacola (gave him control of northern Florida)RESULTS:Monroe and Spanish upset, but John Quincy Adams used the event to force Spain into selling us Florida (for $5 million) and giving up its claim to Oregon territory! : 

56 WHAT:HOW WE GOT FLORIDA! – WHY?...Spain didn’t want a war!HOW:Monroe sent Andrew Jackson to punish Indians for attacks on Georgia Jackson was invaded Spanish Florida, burned villages, hanged offenders, and captured Pensacola (gave him control of northern Florida)RESULTS:Monroe and Spanish upset, but John Quincy Adams used the event to force Spain into selling us Florida (for $5 million) and giving up its claim to Oregon territory! Adams-Onis Treaty, 1819

Election of 1820: Monroe got all but one electoral vote over John Q. Adams, WHY THE ONE ? : 

57 Election of 1820: Monroe got all but one electoral vote over John Q. Adams, WHY THE ONE ? in honor of Washington

American Literature, during the early 1800s!WHAT was the TREND?Think James Fenimore Cooper and Washington Irving (Sleepy Hollow)! : 

58 American Literature, during the early 1800s!WHAT was the TREND?Think James Fenimore Cooper and Washington Irving (Sleepy Hollow)! TREND: Distinctly American stories w/frontier character

WHAT:the deliberate rearrangement of the boundaries of congressional districts to influence the outcome of elections : 

59 WHAT:the deliberate rearrangement of the boundaries of congressional districts to influence the outcome of elections gerrymandering

When: December 24, 1814 What: Ended War of 1812Returned all conquered territory to they way it was before war startedAmericans claim success in a "second war of independence“ : 

60 When: December 24, 1814 What: Ended War of 1812Returned all conquered territory to they way it was before war startedAmericans claim success in a "second war of independence“ Treaty of Ghent

became symbolic border between North and South : 

61 became symbolic border between North and South Mason-Dixon Line

prisoner during the British bombardment of Fort McHenry in Baltimore, MD – wrote the Star Spangled Banner : 

62 prisoner during the British bombardment of Fort McHenry in Baltimore, MD – wrote the Star Spangled Banner Francis Scott Key

PROBLEM:Neither side knew that the Treaty of Ghent had ended the War of 1812 two weeks before the battle.SIGNIFICANCE:This victory inspired American nationalism.Andrew Jackson became a war hero! : 

63 PROBLEM:Neither side knew that the Treaty of Ghent had ended the War of 1812 two weeks before the battle.SIGNIFICANCE:This victory inspired American nationalism.Andrew Jackson became a war hero! Battle of New Orleans

established the colony of Monrovia (Liberia) to resettle freed slaves in Africa! : 

64 established the colony of Monrovia (Liberia) to resettle freed slaves in Africa! American Colonization Society

What were the 3 parts to Henry Clay’s American System? : 

65 What were the 3 parts to Henry Clay’s American System? tariff for protection of U.S. manufacturing to strengthen the national bank revenue from tariff to be used for infrastructure (roads and canals)

During War of 1812, Federalists from Mass. Conn., and R.I. discussed states being able to nullify federal acts; seceding from the union (this extreme measure pushed by the Essex Junto). Led to the death of the Federalist Party (public opinion=unpatriotic, treasonous) : 

66 During War of 1812, Federalists from Mass. Conn., and R.I. discussed states being able to nullify federal acts; seceding from the union (this extreme measure pushed by the Essex Junto). Led to the death of the Federalist Party (public opinion=unpatriotic, treasonous) Hartford Convention, 1815

Alexander Hamilton agreed to help make the national capital in Washington D.C. if Jefferson helped him get support for what? : 

67 Alexander Hamilton agreed to help make the national capital in Washington D.C. if Jefferson helped him get support for what? 1st National Bank

published dictionary that reflected the new “American” English! 12,000 more words than other! : 

68 published dictionary that reflected the new “American” English! 12,000 more words than other! Noah Webster

When John Adams (Following Washington’s advice) sent negotiators to sign treaty w/ France to stop their challenges to our neutrality, they were bribed, making the country and Adams furious (led to Quasi War) : 

69 When John Adams (Following Washington’s advice) sent negotiators to sign treaty w/ France to stop their challenges to our neutrality, they were bribed, making the country and Adams furious (led to Quasi War) X,Y,Z Affair

An amateur architect? Think Monticello, his home in Virginia : 

70 An amateur architect? Think Monticello, his home in Virginia Thomas Jefferson

WHAT:treaty between the U.S. and Great Britain (which controlled Canada)provided for the mutual disarmament of the Great Lakeslater expanded into an unarmed Canada/U.S. border. : 

71 WHAT:treaty between the U.S. and Great Britain (which controlled Canada)provided for the mutual disarmament of the Great Lakeslater expanded into an unarmed Canada/U.S. border. Rush-Bagot Treaty, 1817

In 1807, a British Ship fired on American ship (21 casualties)The public wanted war, but Jefferson remembered Washington’s warning, wanted to stay neutral!RESULT:Jefferson passed the Embargo Act of 1807 : 

72 In 1807, a British Ship fired on American ship (21 casualties)The public wanted war, but Jefferson remembered Washington’s warning, wanted to stay neutral!RESULT:Jefferson passed the Embargo Act of 1807 Chesapeake-Leopard Incident

Unintended consequence of Eli Whitney’s cotton gin in 1793? : 

73 Unintended consequence of Eli Whitney’s cotton gin in 1793? Slavery expanded

This event led to a fear that we needed a federal government that was stronger than what the Articles of Confederation supplied? : 

74 This event led to a fear that we needed a federal government that was stronger than what the Articles of Confederation supplied? Shays Rebellion, 1786

Super scholar, self taughtpublished an almanac from 1791-1802asked Jefferson to use influence to help blacks!Helped survey the new capital (Washington, D.C.) : 

75 Super scholar, self taughtpublished an almanac from 1791-1802asked Jefferson to use influence to help blacks!Helped survey the new capital (Washington, D.C.) Benjamin Banneker

Became a war hero during the War of 1812 by winning control of Lake Erie? : 

76 Became a war hero during the War of 1812 by winning control of Lake Erie? Oliver Hazard Perry

He killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel and was eventually acquitted of treason for planning to join mercenaries and take over the southern Louisiana Territory to eventually secede from the unionGov. James Wilkinson had informed Jefferson leading to his arrest? : 

77 He killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel and was eventually acquitted of treason for planning to join mercenaries and take over the southern Louisiana Territory to eventually secede from the unionGov. James Wilkinson had informed Jefferson leading to his arrest? Aaron Burr

He explored middle of Louisiana Purchase region, called it a “Great American Desert” : 

78 He explored middle of Louisiana Purchase region, called it a “Great American Desert” Major Stephen Long

WHO:based off New York businessman Samuel Wilson who stamped beef barrels with U.S.Became symbol of the U.S. : 

79 WHO:based off New York businessman Samuel Wilson who stamped beef barrels with U.S.Became symbol of the U.S. Uncle Sam

Passed under Adams and went against those who opposed the Federalists (i.e. French and Democratic-Republicans)10 Democratic-Republican Newspaper editors jailedThis led to the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions! : 

80 Passed under Adams and went against those who opposed the Federalists (i.e. French and Democratic-Republicans)10 Democratic-Republican Newspaper editors jailedThis led to the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions! Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798

became a hero by destroying a captured American ship (Philadelphia) to keep it out of pirate hands during the Barbary Wars? : 

81 became a hero by destroying a captured American ship (Philadelphia) to keep it out of pirate hands during the Barbary Wars? Stephen Decatur

When the British were encouraging Native American attacks in NW frontier, General “Mad” Anthony Wayne won this battle and the Treaty of Greenville (1795) paved the way for Americans to settle the Ohio Valley region? : 

82 When the British were encouraging Native American attacks in NW frontier, General “Mad” Anthony Wayne won this battle and the Treaty of Greenville (1795) paved the way for Americans to settle the Ohio Valley region? Battle of Fallen Timbers, 1794

WHAT:Jefferson issued it- NO TRADE WITH EUROPE…period!WHY:He wanted to force the British and French to respect American neutrality.RESULT: DISASTER – farmers suffered, jobs in the shipping industry lost, businesses took huge hits!Unintended consequence – American industry grew (no goods from Europe so we had to make them!)Repealed just before Jefferson left office, in 1809 : 

83 WHAT:Jefferson issued it- NO TRADE WITH EUROPE…period!WHY:He wanted to force the British and French to respect American neutrality.RESULT: DISASTER – farmers suffered, jobs in the shipping industry lost, businesses took huge hits!Unintended consequence – American industry grew (no goods from Europe so we had to make them!)Repealed just before Jefferson left office, in 1809 Embargo Act, 1807

British practice of looking for and taking deserters off American ships. It challenged our neutrality. : 

84 British practice of looking for and taking deserters off American ships. It challenged our neutrality. Impressment

Our first government that had a weak central body? : 

85 Our first government that had a weak central body? Articles of Confederation

People who advise a president make up the __________. : 

86 People who advise a president make up the __________. cabinet

WHAT:bill would have admitted Missouri with its existing slave populationwould forbid new slaves and free all slave children at age 25. PROBLEM:DIDN’T PASS IN SENATE. : 

87 WHAT:bill would have admitted Missouri with its existing slave populationwould forbid new slaves and free all slave children at age 25. PROBLEM:DIDN’T PASS IN SENATE. Tallmadge Amendment

Before becoming president, he was a lawyer who defended 9 British soldiers in Boston Massacre? : 

88 Before becoming president, he was a lawyer who defended 9 British soldiers in Boston Massacre? John Adams

Abigail Adams became rich by being a _________ speculator (think Hamilton’s plan). : 

89 Abigail Adams became rich by being a _________ speculator (think Hamilton’s plan). bond

Under Washington, the __________________ was a serious challenge to the new constitution and showed that the government could be effective and strong. : 

90 Under Washington, the __________________ was a serious challenge to the new constitution and showed that the government could be effective and strong. Whiskey Rebellion

WHAT:Unofficial war - U.S. Navy vs. FrenchRESULT:Ended with treaty in 1800French recognized U.S. neutralityU.S. increased trade with France : 

91 WHAT:Unofficial war - U.S. Navy vs. FrenchRESULT:Ended with treaty in 1800French recognized U.S. neutralityU.S. increased trade with France “Quasi-War” 1798-1800

PROBLEM:Jefferson disagreed with his rulings and had him impeached for publicly criticizing the Jefferson administrationSIGNIFICANCE:Only attempt in history to impeach a U.S. Supreme Court Justice.Set precedent…(it just doesn’t happen) : 

92 PROBLEM:Jefferson disagreed with his rulings and had him impeached for publicly criticizing the Jefferson administrationSIGNIFICANCE:Only attempt in history to impeach a U.S. Supreme Court Justice.Set precedent…(it just doesn’t happen) Samuel Chase

She noted in a letter to her husband to “remember the ladies? : 

93 She noted in a letter to her husband to “remember the ladies? Abigail Adams

He made government smaller, less involved; reduced size of military andreviewed government spending (cutting debt by ½! with his Secretary of Treasury Albert Gallatin : 

94 He made government smaller, less involved; reduced size of military andreviewed government spending (cutting debt by ½! with his Secretary of Treasury Albert Gallatin Thomas Jefferson

This group picked presidential candidates until the 1828 election? : 

95 This group picked presidential candidates until the 1828 election? Congressional caucus

WHO:young politicians who wanted war w/Britain (b/c Britain wasn’t respecting our neutrality)! Henry Clay (Kentucky) John C. Calhoun (South Carolina) – raised on frontier/backwoodsWHAT:Wanted to expand country by taking over Canada, conquering Florida, and taking land from Native : 

96 WHO:young politicians who wanted war w/Britain (b/c Britain wasn’t respecting our neutrality)! Henry Clay (Kentucky) John C. Calhoun (South Carolina) – raised on frontier/backwoodsWHAT:Wanted to expand country by taking over Canada, conquering Florida, and taking land from Native War Hawks

16 year old, Shoshone helped communicate with tribes suspicious of Lewis and Clark : 

97 16 year old, Shoshone helped communicate with tribes suspicious of Lewis and Clark Sacajawea

3 changes in transportation from the late 1700s through the 1800s included: __________, steamboats/canals, and ____________. : 

98 3 changes in transportation from the late 1700s through the 1800s included: __________, steamboats/canals, and ____________. turnpikes, steamboats/canals, and railroads

Unpopular treaty signed under Washington in the hopes of settling the growing conflicts between the U.S. and BritainBritain agreed to evacuate Northwest postsBritain agreed to pay for seizures and impressmentsUnited States agreed to pay debts owed to British merchantsU.S. also accepted the British restrictions on the rights of neutrals. : 

99 Unpopular treaty signed under Washington in the hopes of settling the growing conflicts between the U.S. and BritainBritain agreed to evacuate Northwest postsBritain agreed to pay for seizures and impressmentsUnited States agreed to pay debts owed to British merchantsU.S. also accepted the British restrictions on the rights of neutrals. Jay’s Treaty, 1794

2 most successful pieces of legislation during the Articles of Confederation? : 

100 2 most successful pieces of legislation during the Articles of Confederation? Land Ordinance of 1785 Northwest Ordinance of 1787

WHAT:goal to improve infrastructureWHO:Henry Clay w/help from John C. CalhounHOW:tariff for protection of U.S. manufacturingto strengthen the national bankrevenue from tariff to be used for infrastructure (roads and canals)PROBLEM:Monroe (think strict construction) thought it was unconstitutional to use federal money to build infrastructure! : 

101 WHAT:goal to improve infrastructureWHO:Henry Clay w/help from John C. CalhounHOW:tariff for protection of U.S. manufacturingto strengthen the national bankrevenue from tariff to be used for infrastructure (roads and canals)PROBLEM:Monroe (think strict construction) thought it was unconstitutional to use federal money to build infrastructure! The American System

“Old Ironsides”Raised American morale by sinking a British ship off the coast of Nova Scotia during the War of 1812 : 

102 “Old Ironsides”Raised American morale by sinking a British ship off the coast of Nova Scotia during the War of 1812 U.S.S. Constitution

Essays written to persuade people to support the ratification of the Constitution? : 

103 Essays written to persuade people to support the ratification of the Constitution? The Federalist Papers

Washington’s response to the French Revolution (they wanted our help)? : 

104 Washington’s response to the French Revolution (they wanted our help)? Neutrality Proclamation, 1793

First true protective tariff (higher than previous tariffs)! – Monroe’s 1st term (part of the American System) : 

105 First true protective tariff (higher than previous tariffs)! – Monroe’s 1st term (part of the American System) Tariff of 1816

WHAT:natural post-war depression (HINT - first of many)WHY:caused by overproduction and the reduced demand for goods after the war.blamed on the National Bank and caused deflation of money, unemployment, bank failures, soup kitchens, bankruptcies.RESULT: Hurt the West the most : 

106 WHAT:natural post-war depression (HINT - first of many)WHY:caused by overproduction and the reduced demand for goods after the war.blamed on the National Bank and caused deflation of money, unemployment, bank failures, soup kitchens, bankruptcies.RESULT: Hurt the West the most The Panic of 1819

SUPER INFLUENTIAL! Written by John Q. Adams, it declared:Europe should not interfere with Western Hemisphere (interference would be a threat to U.S.).New world colonies that gained independence could not be re-colonized by EuropeU.S. would stay out of European affairsEFFECT: at first it was a show of nationalism, later used to establish U.S. control over western hemisphere : 

107 SUPER INFLUENTIAL! Written by John Q. Adams, it declared:Europe should not interfere with Western Hemisphere (interference would be a threat to U.S.).New world colonies that gained independence could not be re-colonized by EuropeU.S. would stay out of European affairsEFFECT: at first it was a show of nationalism, later used to establish U.S. control over western hemisphere Monroe Doctrine, 1823

Who was president during the Nullification Crisis? : 

108 Who was president during the Nullification Crisis? Andrew Jackson

Political party formed in 1834 under Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, and John C. CalhounThought they were conservative…but really weren’tnamed after anti-British party during the Revolutionary War era (to go against King Jackson)WHO: claimed to be defenders of the common manSupporters of Clay’s American SystemSouthern states’ righter's (offended by Jackson’s response to nullification)Northern industrialists and merchantsEvangelical protestants (associated with the Anti-Masonic party) : 

109 Political party formed in 1834 under Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, and John C. CalhounThought they were conservative…but really weren’tnamed after anti-British party during the Revolutionary War era (to go against King Jackson)WHO: claimed to be defenders of the common manSupporters of Clay’s American SystemSouthern states’ righter's (offended by Jackson’s response to nullification)Northern industrialists and merchantsEvangelical protestants (associated with the Anti-Masonic party) Whigs

Jackson’s presidency is often noted as symbolic of the_____________? : 

110 Jackson’s presidency is often noted as symbolic of the_____________? Common Man

WHAT:A financial panic leading to failures in:Failures in:BusinessesBanksunemployment CAUSED BY:OverspeculationJackson’s economic policies:Bank WarJackson’s Specie Circular (which required that all land be purchased with hard currency)Failures of wheat cropsFinancial troubles in Europe : 

111 WHAT:A financial panic leading to failures in:Failures in:BusinessesBanksunemployment CAUSED BY:OverspeculationJackson’s economic policies:Bank WarJackson’s Specie Circular (which required that all land be purchased with hard currency)Failures of wheat cropsFinancial troubles in Europe Panic of 1837

Who was president during the Bank War? : 

112 Who was president during the Bank War? Andrew Jackson

WHAT: High tariff bill in 1828 that helped New England manufacturers but hurt the SouthSOUTH MAD BECAUSE:The West was booming as land values were upNorthern and Middle State industry was industry was protected by the tariffSouth relied heavily on manufactured goods and they paid more on those goods because of the tariffLED TO NULLIFICATION CRISIS : 

113 WHAT: High tariff bill in 1828 that helped New England manufacturers but hurt the SouthSOUTH MAD BECAUSE:The West was booming as land values were upNorthern and Middle State industry was industry was protected by the tariffSouth relied heavily on manufactured goods and they paid more on those goods because of the tariffLED TO NULLIFICATION CRISIS Tariff of Abominations

engaging in financial transactions that are risky but also potentially profitable : 

114 engaging in financial transactions that are risky but also potentially profitable speculation

Problem over the Tariff of 1828 (Tariff of Abominations)South Carolina met at a convention and nullified the tax in 1832!RESULT: Jackson threatened to use the military to enforce the lawsolved by the Compromise Tariff of 1833 : 

115 Problem over the Tariff of 1828 (Tariff of Abominations)South Carolina met at a convention and nullified the tax in 1832!RESULT: Jackson threatened to use the military to enforce the lawsolved by the Compromise Tariff of 1833 Nullification Crisis

Born in Carolina’s (on state line)Orphaned (Revolutionary War)Violent temperduels and fightsMoved to Tennessee, became a lawyerFirst President from the WestNo college educationMisspelled the same word in two different lettersBUT, HE WAS NOT LIKE EVERYONE IN THAT…He was a frontier aristocratHe owned lots of landHe lived in the Hermitage (our very own)He owned many slaves : 

116 Born in Carolina’s (on state line)Orphaned (Revolutionary War)Violent temperduels and fightsMoved to Tennessee, became a lawyerFirst President from the WestNo college educationMisspelled the same word in two different lettersBUT, HE WAS NOT LIKE EVERYONE IN THAT…He was a frontier aristocratHe owned lots of landHe lived in the Hermitage (our very own)He owned many slaves Andrew Jackson

Who was the hero of the Nullification Crisis? : 

117 Who was the hero of the Nullification Crisis? Henry Clay (b/c of Compromise Tariff of 1833)

Name the two major candidates in the 1824 Presidential Election. : 

118 Name the two major candidates in the 1824 Presidential Election. John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson

The Election of 1828 provided a lot of mudslinging provide a specific example. : 

119 The Election of 1828 provided a lot of mudslinging provide a specific example. Gamblers, prostitutes, adulteresses, pimps

Gov. jobs given in return for party loyalty : 

120 Gov. jobs given in return for party loyalty Spoils system

Which party’s PLATFORM?promoted: platform of progressive social reform:educationprisons, asylumstemperanceabolition of slaverylimited westward expansionTHEY”RE POLICIES INCLUDED:Clay's American Systeminternal improvements including canals, railroads, telegraph linesprotective tariffs support of industry : 

121 Which party’s PLATFORM?promoted: platform of progressive social reform:educationprisons, asylumstemperanceabolition of slaverylimited westward expansionTHEY”RE POLICIES INCLUDED:Clay's American Systeminternal improvements including canals, railroads, telegraph linesprotective tariffs support of industry Whigs

Which president is commonly associated with the origins of the spoils system? : 

122 Which president is commonly associated with the origins of the spoils system? Andrew Jackson

WHAT:Conflict between Andrew Jackson and the Nicholas BiddleHenry Clay tried to make the re-charter of the Bank of the United States an election issue to make Andrew Jackson look bad.RESULT: Jackson vetoed the bill (claiming it was unconstitutional), amplifying the power of the president)He was re-elected anway!Jackson withheld all federal deposits from the Bank, making it virtually useless : 

123 WHAT:Conflict between Andrew Jackson and the Nicholas BiddleHenry Clay tried to make the re-charter of the Bank of the United States an election issue to make Andrew Jackson look bad.RESULT: Jackson vetoed the bill (claiming it was unconstitutional), amplifying the power of the president)He was re-elected anway!Jackson withheld all federal deposits from the Bank, making it virtually useless Bank War

WHO: issued by President JacksonWHEN: July 11, 1836WHAT:required that the purchase of public lands be paid for in gold or silverWHY: The economy was expanding (artificially) because states were printing so much money“Wildcat” currency became so unstableRESULT: It stopped the land speculation and the sale of public lands went down sharply. Contributed to the Panic of 1837. : 

124 WHO: issued by President JacksonWHEN: July 11, 1836WHAT:required that the purchase of public lands be paid for in gold or silverWHY: The economy was expanding (artificially) because states were printing so much money“Wildcat” currency became so unstableRESULT: It stopped the land speculation and the sale of public lands went down sharply. Contributed to the Panic of 1837. The Specie Circular

This proposed a slight reduction on the “Tariff of Abominations”It was passed to encourage South Carolina to end the Nullification CrisisRESULT:South Carolinians saw the concessions as minimal at best and nullified it out of principle. : 

125 This proposed a slight reduction on the “Tariff of Abominations”It was passed to encourage South Carolina to end the Nullification CrisisRESULT:South Carolinians saw the concessions as minimal at best and nullified it out of principle. Tariff of 1832

state banks into which Jackson deposited the federal funds he withdrew from the Second National Bank in 1833 : 

126 state banks into which Jackson deposited the federal funds he withdrew from the Second National Bank in 1833 “Pet Banks”

written anonymously by Vice President John C. CalhounWHAT:called on the southern states to declare the 1828 Tariff of Abominations null and void (nullify)encouraged South Carolina legislators to nullify the tariffpitted the state against President Andrew Jackson in the most serious internal conflict the nation had yet faced : 

127 written anonymously by Vice President John C. CalhounWHAT:called on the southern states to declare the 1828 Tariff of Abominations null and void (nullify)encouraged South Carolina legislators to nullify the tariffpitted the state against President Andrew Jackson in the most serious internal conflict the nation had yet faced “South Carolina Exposition and Protest”

WHAT:Fly-by-night banking operations that plagued the West and South during the 1800s.PROBLEMS:highly unstable because:they were impermanentprinted their own unregulated paper moneyand had almost no solid credit.RESULT: They flooded the states with paper money which caused inflation to rise!Financial panics, as in 1819 and 1837, caused many of these banks to go bankrupt. : 

128 WHAT:Fly-by-night banking operations that plagued the West and South during the 1800s.PROBLEMS:highly unstable because:they were impermanentprinted their own unregulated paper moneyand had almost no solid credit.RESULT: They flooded the states with paper money which caused inflation to rise!Financial panics, as in 1819 and 1837, caused many of these banks to go bankrupt. Wildcat Banks

His presidency included:“corrupt bargain” Fewer than 1/3 of the voters had voted for himHe was very NationalisticHe supported money for internal improvements (American System)He supported the proposal of a national universityHe wanted to build a astronomical observatoryHe tried to deal fairly with Native AmericansTariff of Abominations (passed under his tenure) : 

129 His presidency included:“corrupt bargain” Fewer than 1/3 of the voters had voted for himHe was very NationalisticHe supported money for internal improvements (American System)He supported the proposal of a national universityHe wanted to build a astronomical observatoryHe tried to deal fairly with Native AmericansTariff of Abominations (passed under his tenure) John Quincy Adams

He was seen as striking a “corrupt bargain” to become Secretary of State in 1824 election : 

130 He was seen as striking a “corrupt bargain” to become Secretary of State in 1824 election Henry Clay

President of the Bank of the United States during the 1820s and 1830s:a private institutionminted gold and silverforeclosed many western farmsprofit not public serviceWHAT:He exerted significant influence over the American economy through his positionAndrew Jackson despised him. : 

131 President of the Bank of the United States during the 1820s and 1830s:a private institutionminted gold and silverforeclosed many western farmsprofit not public serviceWHAT:He exerted significant influence over the American economy through his positionAndrew Jackson despised him. Nicholas Biddle

He was an arch-enemy of Andrew Jackson. He was the father of the American System and a great compromiser? : 

132 He was an arch-enemy of Andrew Jackson. He was the father of the American System and a great compromiser? Henry Clay

It that authorized the federal government to use the military to collect tariff dutiesdemonstrated Andrew Jackson’s resolve to end the 1832–1833 Nullification Crisis in South Carolina : 

133 It that authorized the federal government to use the military to collect tariff dutiesdemonstrated Andrew Jackson’s resolve to end the 1832–1833 Nullification Crisis in South Carolina The Force Bill (1833)

It ended the Nullification Crisis dispute between Andrew Jackson and South Carolinarepealed the Tariff of Abominations and reduced duties on foreign goods gradually over a decade to the levels set by the Tariff of 1816. : 

134 It ended the Nullification Crisis dispute between Andrew Jackson and South Carolinarepealed the Tariff of Abominations and reduced duties on foreign goods gradually over a decade to the levels set by the Tariff of 1816. Compromise Tariff of 1833

The 5 “civilized” tribes were ________________, Choctaws, Creeks, Chickasaws, and Seminoles : 

135 The 5 “civilized” tribes were ________________, Choctaws, Creeks, Chickasaws, and Seminoles Cherokees

-He developed the Cherokee alphabet. : 

136 -He developed the Cherokee alphabet. Sequoyah

Slide 137: 

137

PROBLEM:Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, and Seminoles (5 civilized tribes) attempted to assimilateGeorgia declared that the Cherokee tribal council was illegalRULING: Supreme Court ruled that Indians weren't independent.They were dependent domestic nations which could be regulated by the federal government.SIGNIFICANCE: From then until 1871, treaties were formalities with the terms dictated by the federal government. : 

138 PROBLEM:Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, and Seminoles (5 civilized tribes) attempted to assimilateGeorgia declared that the Cherokee tribal council was illegalRULING: Supreme Court ruled that Indians weren't independent.They were dependent domestic nations which could be regulated by the federal government.SIGNIFICANCE: From then until 1871, treaties were formalities with the terms dictated by the federal government. Cherokee Nation v. Georgia: 1831

PROBLEM: Missionaries argued that a Georgia law making any white person staying in Indian territory swear an oath of loyalty was unconstitutional.RULING:The Supreme Court decided Georgia had no jurisdiction over Cherokee reservations.SIGNIFICANCE:Georgia refused to enforce decisionPresident Jackson didn't support the Court.Executive power grows : 

139 PROBLEM: Missionaries argued that a Georgia law making any white person staying in Indian territory swear an oath of loyalty was unconstitutional.RULING:The Supreme Court decided Georgia had no jurisdiction over Cherokee reservations.SIGNIFICANCE:Georgia refused to enforce decisionPresident Jackson didn't support the Court.Executive power grows Worcester v. Georgia: 1832

WHEN: 1830 WHAT: supported by Andrew Jacksonauthorized the U.S. Army to evict by force all Native Americans east of the Mississippi River and resettle them in “permanent” reservations in present-day Oklahoma and Nebraska. : 

140 WHEN: 1830 WHAT: supported by Andrew Jacksonauthorized the U.S. Army to evict by force all Native Americans east of the Mississippi River and resettle them in “permanent” reservations in present-day Oklahoma and Nebraska. Indian Removal Act

Established to administer relations with Native Americans : 

141 Established to administer relations with Native Americans Bureau of Indian Affairs, 1824

WHEN: 1830’sWHAT: route by which thousands of Native Americans, primarily Cherokee, were forcibly removed countless Native Americans, forced to walk hundreds miles under horrible conditions, many (over 4,000) died along the way. WHERE: from their southeastern homelands and relocated to new reservations west of the Mississippi : 

142 WHEN: 1830’sWHAT: route by which thousands of Native Americans, primarily Cherokee, were forcibly removed countless Native Americans, forced to walk hundreds miles under horrible conditions, many (over 4,000) died along the way. WHERE: from their southeastern homelands and relocated to new reservations west of the Mississippi Trail of Tears

2 major examples of resistance to Indian Removal : 

143 2 major examples of resistance to Indian Removal Seminole War and Black Hawk War

200 Texans were trapped and wiped out in San Antonio, it was used as propaganda to get support for the Texans in their fight against Mexico : 

144 200 Texans were trapped and wiped out in San Antonio, it was used as propaganda to get support for the Texans in their fight against Mexico The Alamo

Invaders numbered 1300 men, Texans 900. Houston Taking advantage of Mexican siesta hour wiped out invading force, captured Santa Anna. RESULTS:Santa Anna agreed to withdraw Mexican troops and to recognize Rio Grande as extreme southwestern boundary of Texas. : 

145 Invaders numbered 1300 men, Texans 900. Houston Taking advantage of Mexican siesta hour wiped out invading force, captured Santa Anna. RESULTS:Santa Anna agreed to withdraw Mexican troops and to recognize Rio Grande as extreme southwestern boundary of Texas. Battle of SAN JACINTO (April, 1836)

When Texas petitioned for annexation in 1837, why did the U.S. not annex them? What issue were they worried about? : 

146 When Texas petitioned for annexation in 1837, why did the U.S. not annex them? What issue were they worried about? Slavery, balance of power

Election of 1840 between Democrat Martin Van Buren and Whig William “Tippecanoe” Henry Harrisonis often symbolized by the propaganda used by the WhigsWhat was the propaganda? : 

147 Election of 1840 between Democrat Martin Van Buren and Whig William “Tippecanoe” Henry Harrisonis often symbolized by the propaganda used by the WhigsWhat was the propaganda? “Log Cabin and Hard Cider” Campaign

What was a major reason for Martin Van Buren’s loss in the election of 1840 (the Log Cabin and Hard Cider campaign)? : 

148 What was a major reason for Martin Van Buren’s loss in the election of 1840 (the Log Cabin and Hard Cider campaign)? Panic of 1837

The SIGNIFICANCE of the election of 1840 was that America had shifted from aristocracy to a ___________.A strong _____ party system continued to grow and the _______ Party became a true national party : 

149 The SIGNIFICANCE of the election of 1840 was that America had shifted from aristocracy to a ___________.A strong _____ party system continued to grow and the _______ Party became a true national party Democracy, two, Whig

During the 1820’s, 30’s, and 40’s, the Democrats and Whigs helped develop a strong TWO PARTY system. Which party believed in:Liberty of the individualStates’ rightsfederal restraint in social and economic affairs : 

150 During the 1820’s, 30’s, and 40’s, the Democrats and Whigs helped develop a strong TWO PARTY system. Which party believed in:Liberty of the individualStates’ rightsfederal restraint in social and economic affairs Democrats

During the 1820’s, 30’s, and 40’s, the Democrats and Whigs helped develop a strong TWO PARTY system. Which party believed in:Liberty of individual important as well American System (renewed national bank, protective tariffs, internal improvements)public schoolssocial reforms:temperance, and eventually abolition of slavery : 

151 During the 1820’s, 30’s, and 40’s, the Democrats and Whigs helped develop a strong TWO PARTY system. Which party believed in:Liberty of individual important as well American System (renewed national bank, protective tariffs, internal improvements)public schoolssocial reforms:temperance, and eventually abolition of slavery Whigs

Leader of Mexico that dealt with the rebellious Texans? : 

152 Leader of Mexico that dealt with the rebellious Texans? General Santa Anna

Under Andrew Jackson’s Specie Circular, all land purchases had to be paid for with? : 

153 Under Andrew Jackson’s Specie Circular, all land purchases had to be paid for with? Gold or silver

Andrew Jackson ultimately got rid of the Bank of the United States by pulling out the federal governments money and depositing it in _____________? : 

154 Andrew Jackson ultimately got rid of the Bank of the United States by pulling out the federal governments money and depositing it in _____________? “pet banks”

Campaign symbols used by the Whigs for William Henry Harrison in the election of 1840 : 

155 Campaign symbols used by the Whigs for William Henry Harrison in the election of 1840 Log Cabin and Hard Cider

Mexico outlawed this in 1830, and American settlers refused to follow it. : 

156 Mexico outlawed this in 1830, and American settlers refused to follow it. slavery

Proposed by Martin Van Buren to keep federal money in federal vaults not made available to private banks (partially because of the Panic of 1837) : 

157 Proposed by Martin Van Buren to keep federal money in federal vaults not made available to private banks (partially because of the Panic of 1837) “Divorce Bill”, Independent Treasury Bill 1840

What was the Whigs’ campaign strategy in 1836? Did it work? : 

158 What was the Whigs’ campaign strategy in 1836? Did it work? Decided to ENTER SEVERAL CANDIDATES in hopes that Martin Van Buren wouldn’t receive a majority of the electoral votes, and the election would be thrown into the House of Representatives.