APUS Review Game 1st Semester Final 2011-2012

Review: 1st Semester Final: 

Review: 1 st Semester Final Review Game A.P. U.S. History

Reestablished Protestantism as the state religion of England and she led the defeat of the Spanish armada. Also sent out the “Sea Dogs”: 

2 Reestablished Protestantism as the state religion of England and she led the defeat of the Spanish armada. Also sent out the “Sea Dogs” Elizabeth I Colonial Period

To vote in a puritan church you had to be a member of elect, to be an member of the elect you had to have this? You had to document “this” to be a member of the “elect”. : 

3 To vote in a puritan church you had to be a member of elect, to be an member of the elect you had to have this? You had to document “this” to be a member of the “elect”. conversion experience Colonial Period

The three major factors that drew Europeans to explore and eventually go to the New World. : 

4 The three major factors that drew Europeans to explore and eventually go to the New World. God, Gold, Glory- 3 G's Colonial Period

Founder and governor of the Georgia colony (a debtor colony and buffer colony to protect the Carolinas from raids from Spanish Florida). : 

5 Founder and governor of the Georgia colony (a debtor colony and buffer colony to protect the Carolinas from raids from Spanish Florida). James Oglethorpe Colonial Period

He was an English explorer who established England’s first American colony in 1585. This settlement was off the coast of North Carolina, on Roanoke Island.: 

6 He was an English explorer who established England’s first American colony in 1585. This settlement was off the coast of North Carolina, on Roanoke Island. Sir Walter Raleigh AGE OF EXPLORATION

He was an English settler in Jamestown. He married the daughter of the chief of the Native American Powhatan tribe, Pocahontas, and introduced the Jamestown colonists to West Indian tobacco in 1616. Tobacco soon became the lifeblood of Jamestown colony, bringing in much revenue and many immigrants eager for a share in the colony’s expanding wealth.: 

7 He was an English settler in Jamestown. He married the daughter of the chief of the Native American Powhatan tribe, Pocahontas, and introduced the Jamestown colonists to West Indian tobacco in 1616. Tobacco soon became the lifeblood of Jamestown colony, bringing in much revenue and many immigrants eager for a share in the colony’s expanding wealth. John Rolfe Colonial Period

He was a Portuguese explorer (sailing for Spain) who wanted to find a sea route to the Spice Islands by sailing west around the American continent. He died during the trip, but his crew was the first to circumnavigate the world, proving that the Earth was round.: 

8 He was a Portuguese explorer (sailing for Spain) who wanted to find a sea route to the Spice Islands by sailing west around the American continent. He died during the trip, but his crew was the first to circumnavigate the world, proving that the Earth was round. Ferdinand Magellan AGE OF EXPLORATION

He was a Frenchman, explored the Great Lakes and established the first French colony in North America at Quebec in 1608.: 

9 He was a Frenchman, explored the Great Lakes and established the first French colony in North America at Quebec in 1608. Samuel de Champlain AGE OF EXPLORATION

Started Maryland as a religious haven for Catholics. : 

10 Started Maryland as a religious haven for Catholics. Lord Baltimore Colonial Period

Spanish conquistador who conquered Atahualpa and the Incas?: 

11 Spanish conquistador who conquered Atahualpa and the Incas? Francisco Pizarro AGE OF EXPLORATION

Roanoke was late getting supplies because of this (it vanished by the time supplies actually arrived)?: 

12 Roanoke was late getting supplies because of this (it vanished by the time supplies actually arrived)? Spanish Armada Colonial Period

He helped start the Protestant Reformation with his 95 Theses on church door. Faith alone leads to salvation, not through church. : 

13 He helped start the Protestant Reformation with his 95 Theses on church door. Faith alone leads to salvation, not through church. Martin Luther Colonial Period

For the Dutch. he purchased Manhattan island from a local Indian group ($24 in trinkets and goods). : 

14 For the Dutch. he purchased Manhattan island from a local Indian group ($24 in trinkets and goods). Peter Minuit Colonial Period

First explorer (Portuguese) to reach Southern tip of Africa in 1488?: 

15 First explorer (Portuguese) to reach Southern tip of Africa in 1488? Bartholomeu Dias AGE OF EXPLORATION

A Spanish explorer, governor, and conquistador. He crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in 1513, becoming the first European to see the Pacific from the New World. : 

16 A Spanish explorer, governor, and conquistador. He crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in 1513, becoming the first European to see the Pacific from the New World. Vasco Nunez de Balboa Colonial Period

He wanted a divorced so he created the Anglican Church which was a major event the Protestant Reformation. : 

17 He wanted a divorced so he created the Anglican Church which was a major event the Protestant Reformation. Henry VIII Colonial Period

He sailed to the New World under the Spanish flag in 1492. Although not the first European to reach the Americas, he is credited with the journey across the Atlantic that finally opened the New World to exploration. In 1493, he established Santo Domingo on the island of Hispaniola as a base for further exploration.: 

18 He sailed to the New World under the Spanish flag in 1492. Although not the first European to reach the Americas, he is credited with the journey across the Atlantic that finally opened the New World to exploration. In 1493, he established Santo Domingo on the island of Hispaniola as a base for further exploration. Christopher Columbus AGE OF EXPLORATION

Movement against Catholic Church resulted from Martin Luther (95 theses) and the idea of faith alone. : 

19 Movement against Catholic Church resulted from Martin Luther (95 theses) and the idea of faith alone. Protestant Reformation Colonial Period

WHO: French explorer (he actually was Italian) sent by King Francis I (1524) to find a northwest passage explored coast the of N. America: 

20 WHO: French explorer (he actually was Italian) sent by King Francis I (1524) to find a northwest passage explored coast the of N. America Giovanni de Verrazano Colonial Period

Native American society that practiced human sacrifice and ruled Central Mexico and founded Tenochtitlan (Mexico City): 

21 Native American society that practiced human sacrifice and ruled Central Mexico and founded Tenochtitlan (Mexico City) Aztecs AGE OF EXPLORATION

Large feudal properties in New Amsterdam that bordered the Hudson river were given to people who could settle 50 people on the estate The landowners received rent, taxes, and labor from tenant farmers : 

22 Large feudal properties in New Amsterdam that bordered the Hudson river were given to people who could settle 50 people on the estate The landowners received rent, taxes, and labor from tenant farmers Patroonship System Colonial Period

People in Spanish New World - Born in Europe: 

23 People in Spanish New World - Born in Europe Peninsular AGE OF EXPLORATION

King of Spain, sent the Spanish Armada to destroy England (but it was defeated – weakening Spain and empowering England): 

24 King of Spain, sent the Spanish Armada to destroy England (but it was defeated – weakening Spain and empowering England) Philip II Colonial Period

English “Pirates” who attacked Spanish ships like: Sir Francis Drake and Sir John Hawkins: 

25 English “Pirates” who attacked Spanish ships like: Sir Francis Drake and Sir John Hawkins Sea Dogs Colonial Period

Founded by James Oglethorpe in 1733 as a debtors haven and also served as a buffer state between (rich) South Carolina and Spanish Florida. : 

26 Founded by James Oglethorpe in 1733 as a debtors haven and also served as a buffer state between (rich) South Carolina and Spanish Florida. Georgia Colonial Period

1565, 1st permanent European establishment in what later becomes the United States (founded by Pedro Menendez de Aviles): 

27 1565, 1 st permanent European establishment in what later becomes the United States (founded by Pedro Menendez de Aviles) St. Augustine AGE OF EXPLORATION

People in France who converted to Calvinism: 

28 People in France who converted to Calvinism Huguenots Colonial Period

It traded in SE Asia in the 1600s for the Netherlands Richest company in the world!: 

29 It traded in SE Asia in the 1600s for the Netherlands Richest company in the world! Dutch East India Company Colonial Period

Unpopular governor ( harsh rule and heavy taxes) of New Netherlands who swore to defend the city, but the colonists refused to help him. In the end, he surrendered to the English without firing a shot. : 

30 Unpopular governor ( harsh rule and heavy taxes) of New Netherlands who swore to defend the city, but the colonists refused to help him. In the end, he surrendered to the English without firing a shot. Peter Stuyvesant Colonial Period

Sea Dog – 1st Englishman to sail around world!: 

31 Sea Dog – 1 st Englishman to sail around world! Sir Francis Drake Colonial Period

Large Spanish estates in the New World with crops and herds (think encomienda): 

32 Large Spanish estates in the New World with crops and herds (think encomienda) Haciendas AGE OF EXPLORATION

He helped inspire exploration and increase demand for goods from Asia by writing a book about his travels to China in the late 1200s: 

33 He helped inspire exploration and increase demand for goods from Asia by writing a book about his travels to China in the late 1200s Marco Polo AGE OF EXPLORATION

They helped usher Europe out of the “Dark Ages” as Europeans came into contact with different cultures and goods. They were started by Pope Urban II in an effort to regain the city of Jerusalem from the Turks.: 

34 They helped usher Europe out of the “Dark Ages” as Europeans came into contact with different cultures and goods. They were started by Pope Urban II in an effort to regain the city of Jerusalem from the Turks. Crusades AGE OF EXPLORATION

He established a mariners’ school in Portugal which helped make greater exploration possible. It developed the caravel and created better maps for navigation.: 

35 He established a mariners’ school in Portugal which helped make greater exploration possible. It developed the caravel and created better maps for navigation. Prince Henry of Portugal AGE OF EXPLORATION

Which European country was the first to enter the Age of Exploration by sailing down the coast of Africa?: 

36 Which European country was the first to enter the Age of Exploration by sailing down the coast of Africa? Portugal AGE OF EXPLORATION

The Americas are named after this Italian navigator.: 

37 The Americas are named after this Italian navigator. Amerigo Vespucci AGE OF EXPLORATION

– Born in Americas People in Spanish New World: 

38 – Born in Americas People in Spanish New World Native AGE OF EXPLORATION

Great example of an early Joint-Stock Company (think about Jamestown).: 

39 Great example of an early Joint-Stock Company (think about Jamestown). Virginia Company Colonial Period

Staple crop of many Native American societies Spread out of Mexico: 

40 Staple crop of many Native American societies Spread out of Mexico maize AGE OF EXPLORATION

People in Spanish New World - 1 parent European, 1 parent African : 

41 People in Spanish New World - 1 parent European, 1 parent African Mulatto AGE OF EXPLORATION

A general term for any one of a group of Spanish explorers in the New World who sought to take control, establish dominance, and prosper from the natural resources, including gold. They established a large empire stretching from Mexico to Chile.: 

42 A general term for any one of a group of Spanish explorers in the New World who sought to take control, establish dominance, and prosper from the natural resources, including gold. They established a large empire stretching from Mexico to Chile. Conquistador AGE OF EXPLORATION

A French sailor who explored the St. Lawrence River region between 1534 and 1542, he searched for a Northwest Passage. He found no such passage, but claimed Canada for the French. : 

43 A French sailor who explored the St. Lawrence River region between 1534 and 1542, he searched for a Northwest Passage. He found no such passage, but claimed Canada for the French. Jacques Cartier AGE OF EXPLORATION

He effectively saved Jamestown from collapse in 1608, its first year of existence. His initiatives to improve sanitation, to organize farming, and to build shelters dramatically lowered mortality rates among Jamestown colonists.: 

44 He effectively saved Jamestown from collapse in 1608, its first year of existence. His initiatives to improve sanitation, to organize farming, and to build shelters dramatically lowered mortality rates among Jamestown colonists. John Smith AGE OF EXPLORATION

The first English settlement in the New World. It was off the coast of North Carolina, established in 1587. Virginia Dare, the first English child born on here. The settlement failed, and no one knows what became of the people who first settled there.: 

45 The first English settlement in the New World. It was off the coast of North Carolina, established in 1587. Virginia Dare, the first English child born on here. The settlement failed, and no one knows what became of the people who first settled there. Roanoke AGE OF EXPLORATION

He was a Portuguese explorer who was the first European to sail from Europe to India. First to sail around the Cape of Good Hope (southern tip of Africa) and make it to India, opening a trade route that is still used today.: 

46 He was a Portuguese explorer who was the first European to sail from Europe to India. First to sail around the Cape of Good Hope (southern tip of Africa) and make it to India, opening a trade route that is still used today. Vasco da Gama AGE OF EXPLORATION

He is the alleged leader of a group of Icelandic people who sailed to the eastern coast of Canada and unsuccessfully attempted to colonize the area around the year 1000, nearly 500 years before Columbus arrived in the Americas.: 

47 He is the alleged leader of a group of Icelandic people who sailed to the eastern coast of Canada and unsuccessfully attempted to colonize the area around the year 1000, nearly 500 years before Columbus arrived in the Americas. Leif Ericson AGE OF EXPLORATION

He was a Spanish conquistador who went to the West Indies in 1504. In 1519, he established Veracruz, the first Spanish colony in Mexico. By 1521, he had conquered the Aztec Empire using horses, gunpowder, and steel weapons.: 

48 He was a Spanish conquistador who went to the West Indies in 1504. In 1519, he established Veracruz, the first Spanish colony in Mexico. By 1521, he had conquered the Aztec Empire using horses, gunpowder, and steel weapons. Hernando Cortes AGE OF EXPLORATION

A dissenter, he clashed with Massachusetts Puritans over the issue of separation of church and state. After being banished from Massachusetts in 1636, he traveled south, where he founded the colony of Rhode Island, which granted full religious freedom to its inhabitants.: 

49 A dissenter, he clashed with Massachusetts Puritans over the issue of separation of church and state. After being banished from Massachusetts in 1636, he traveled south, where he founded the colony of Rhode Island, which granted full religious freedom to its inhabitants. Roger Williams Colonial Period

A Jesuit missionary and fur trader, he and Louis Joliet explored the upper Mississippi river in 1673?: 

50 A Jesuit missionary and fur trader, he and Louis Joliet explored the upper Mississippi river in 1673? Father Marquette Colonial Period

Catholic missionaries strictly opposed Protestants yet worked with non-Christians very well: 

51 Catholic missionaries strictly opposed Protestants yet worked with non-Christians very well Jesuits Colonial Period

Europeans brought: crops: wheat, rice, coffee, bananas, and olives; and animals: horses, cows, pigs, and chickens Diseases: yellow fever, smallpox, and malaria Americas contributed: crops: corn, potatoes, tomatoes, lima beans, squash, peanuts, cassava, cacao, and pineapple a virulent form of syphilis : 

52 Europeans brought: crops: wheat, rice, coffee, bananas, and olives; and animals: horses, cows, pigs, and chickens Diseases: yellow fever, smallpox, and malaria Americas contributed: crops: corn, potatoes, tomatoes, lima beans, squash, peanuts, cassava, cacao, and pineapple a virulent form of syphilis Columbian Exchange AGE OF EXPLORATION

Roger Williams started this colony in 1636 which had total religious freedom and separation of church and state. Friendly to Native Americans becomes most religiously and politically (liberal) tolerant colony = DIVERSITY! safe haven for unorthodox faiths? : 

53 Roger Williams started this colony in 1636 which had total religious freedom and separation of church and state. Friendly to Native Americans becomes most religiously and politically (liberal) tolerant colony = DIVERSITY! safe haven for unorthodox faiths? Rhode Island Colonial Period

An English explorer sponsored by the Dutch East India Company. He sailed up the river that now bears his name in 1609, nearly reaching present-day Albany. His explorations gave the Dutch territorial claims to the ________ Bay region.: 

54 An English explorer sponsored by the Dutch East India Company. He sailed up the river that now bears his name in 1609, nearly reaching present-day Albany. His explorations gave the Dutch territorial claims to the ________ Bay region. Henry Hudson AGE OF EXPLORATION

An English Quaker, who founded Pennsylvania in 1682, after receiving a charter from King Charles II the year before. He launched the colony as a “holy experiment” based on religious tolerance.: 

55 An English Quaker, who founded Pennsylvania in 1682, after receiving a charter from King Charles II the year before. He launched the colony as a “holy experiment” based on religious tolerance. William Penn Colonial Period

Signed between Spain and Portugal in 1494, dividing all future discoveries in the New World between their respective nations..: 

56 Signed between Spain and Portugal in 1494, dividing all future discoveries in the New World between their respective nations.. Treaty of Tordesillas AGE OF EXPLORATION

Explored Mississippi River and claimed Louisiana for France (in honor of Louis XIV - the Sun King)! : 

57 Explored Mississippi River and claimed Louisiana for France (in honor of Louis XIV - the Sun King)! Robert de La Salle Colonial Period

A leader of Protestant Reformation. He believed in predestination (God had already decided who was saved). : 

58 A leader of Protestant Reformation. He believed in predestination (God had already decided who was saved). John Calvin Colonial Period

He was a Spanish explorer who was trying to find a Fountain of Youth. Instead, he landed in Florida.: 

59 He was a Spanish explorer who was trying to find a Fountain of Youth. Instead, he landed in Florida. Juan Ponce de Leon AGE OF EXPLORATION

This was a method established by the Spanish in order to enslave Native American populations. The Spanish Crown would give land to Spaniards, but recipients were obligated to care for their native slaves. : 

60 This was a method established by the Spanish in order to enslave Native American populations. The Spanish Crown would give land to Spaniards, but recipients were obligated to care for their native slaves. Encomienda Colonial Period

The chartered company of Dutch merchants that administered the African slave trade among west Africa and the Americas; contributed to Dutch colonization in the Americas : 

61 The chartered company of Dutch merchants that administered the African slave trade among west Africa and the Americas; contributed to Dutch colonization in the Americas Dutch West India Company Colonial Period

They inhabited the Andes Mountains in South America, built elaborate road systems, spoke Quechua, and had a strong central government: 

62 They inhabited the Andes Mountains in South America, built elaborate road systems, spoke Quechua, and had a strong central government Incas AGE OF EXPLORATION

FOUNDED BY: Swedish, Lutherans WHAT: NEW SWEDEN Argued and fought with Peter Stuyvesant and acquired by the Dutch in 1655 BECAME A QUAKER COLONY (1703): Given to William Penn (Pennsylvania) to provide access to the Atlantic Ocean: 

63 FOUNDED BY: Swedish, Lutherans WHAT: NEW SWEDEN Argued and fought with Peter Stuyvesant and acquired by the Dutch in 1655 BECAME A QUAKER COLONY (1703): Given to William Penn (Pennsylvania) to provide access to the Atlantic Ocean Delaware Colonial Period

He explored the northeast coast of North America in 1497 and 1498, claiming Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and the Grand Banks for England.: 

64 He explored the northeast coast of North America in 1497 and 1498, claiming Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and the Grand Banks for England. John Cabot AGE OF EXPLORATION

From 1577 to 1580, he circumnavigated the globe. He was a privateer (“Sea Dog”), or a captain who could loot other ships. He was sent by England’s Queen Elizabeth I to raid Spanish ships and settlements for gold. He helped defend England against the Spanish.: 

65 From 1577 to 1580, he circumnavigated the globe. He was a privateer (“Sea Dog”), or a captain who could loot other ships. He was sent by England’s Queen Elizabeth I to raid Spanish ships and settlements for gold. He helped defend England against the Spanish. Sir Francis Drake AGE OF EXPLORATION

Who were the first people in the Americas?: 

66 Who were the first people in the Americas? Asians AGE OF EXPLORATION

As governor of Virginia, he angered poor farmers by being friendly with Native Americans and not protecting people living on the Western Frontier.: 

67 As governor of Virginia, he angered poor farmers by being friendly with Native Americans and not protecting people living on the Western Frontier. Sir William Berkley Colonial Period

Journey between Africa and New World 20% death rate: 

68 Journey between Africa and New World 20% death rate Middle Passage Colonial Period

WHEN: (1739) WHAT: earliest known organized act of rebellion against slavery 60 to 100 slaves burned houses and killed whites Get to Florida…Get Freedom Sad ending… RESULT: Led to more strict slave codes: 

69 WHEN: (1739) WHAT: earliest known organized act of rebellion against slavery 60 to 100 slaves burned houses and killed whites Get to Florida…Get Freedom Sad ending… RESULT: Led to more strict slave codes Stono Rebellion Colonial Period

It was a theory of trade stressing that a nation’s economic strength (more gold and silver) depended on exporting more than it imported. It manifested itself in triangular trade and in laws passed between the mid-1600s and the mid 1700s, such as the Navigation Acts (1651-1673), aimed at fostering British economic dominance.: 

70 It was a theory of trade stressing that a nation’s economic strength (more gold and silver) depended on exporting more than it imported. It manifested itself in triangular trade and in laws passed between the mid-1600s and the mid 1700s, such as the Navigation Acts (1651-1673), aimed at fostering British economic dominance. Mercantilism Colonial Period

Puritan preachers (and sermons) that warned about straying from religion: 

71 Puritan preachers (and sermons) that warned about straying from religion Jeremiads Colonial Period

Crops of southern colonies: 

72 Crops of southern colonies (Chesapeake) – tobacco, (Carolina and Georgia) – rice and indigo Colonial Period

A Puritan and the first colonial poet to be published. The main subjects of her poetry were family, home, and religion. : 

73 A Puritan and the first colonial poet to be published. The main subjects of her poetry were family, home, and religion. Ann Bradstreet Colonial Period

It is often cited as the first example of self-government in the Americas. The Pilgrims, having arrived at a harbor far north of the land that was rightfully theirs, signed it to establish a “civil body politic” under the sovereignty of James I.: 

74 It is often cited as the first example of self-government in the Americas. The Pilgrims, having arrived at a harbor far north of the land that was rightfully theirs, signed it to establish a “civil body politic” under the sovereignty of James I. Mayflower Compact Colonial Period

Governor of the Dominion of New England from 1686 until 1692, when the colonists rebelled and forced him to return to England. : 

75 Governor of the Dominion of New England from 1686 until 1692, when the colonists rebelled and forced him to return to England. Sir Edmond Andros Colonial Period

In 1676, a Virginia planter, led a group of 300 settlers in a war against the local Native Americans. When Virginia’s royal governor questioned his actions, he and his men burned and looted Jamestown. It showed the increasing hostility between the poor and the wealthy in the Chesapeake region.: 

76 In 1676, a Virginia planter, led a group of 300 settlers in a war against the local Native Americans. When Virginia’s royal governor questioned his actions, he and his men burned and looted Jamestown. It showed the increasing hostility between the poor and the wealthy in the Chesapeake region. Bacon’s Rebellion Colonial Period

As governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, he (1588-1649) was instrumental in forming the colony’s government and shaping its legislative policy. He envisioned the colony, centered in present day Boston, as a “city upon a hill” from which Puritans would spread religious righteousness throughout the world.: 

77 As governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, he (1588-1649) was instrumental in forming the colony’s government and shaping its legislative policy. He envisioned the colony, centered in present day Boston, as a “city upon a hill” from which Puritans would spread religious righteousness throughout the world. John Winthrop Colonial Period

System which granted parcels of land consisting of about 50 acres to colonists who brought indentured servants into America. They were used by the Virginia Company to attract more colonists.: 

78 System which granted parcels of land consisting of about 50 acres to colonists who brought indentured servants into America. They were used by the Virginia Company to attract more colonists. Headright System Colonial Period

council started by in 1675 James II (when he was Duke of York) PURPOSE: To enforce the Navigation Acts To administer the colonies started taking control first in the West Indies TREND: King appointed government Royal governors given list of powers Colonies must pay for their own government: 

79 council started by in 1675 James II (when he was Duke of York) PURPOSE: To enforce the Navigation Acts To administer the colonies started taking control first in the West Indies TREND: King appointed government Royal governors given list of powers Colonies must pay for their own government Lords of Trade Colonial Period

New France worked with Native Americans to maintain stability by meeting with Native Americans Onontio Governor of New France Served as a sort of chief, give to get what you want: 

80 New France worked with Native Americans to maintain stability by meeting with Native Americans Onontio Governor of New France Served as a sort of chief, give to get what you want Middle Ground Diplomacy Colonial Period

Winter of (1609-1610) – Settlers didn’t farm so they were reduced to eating “doggs, Catts, Ratts, Myce” and each other Numbers go from 400 - 60: 

81 Winter of (1609-1610) – Settlers didn’t farm so they were reduced to eating “doggs, Catts, Ratts, Myce” and each other Numbers go from 400 - 60 Starving times Colonial Period

Founded 1663, led by nobles (lord proprietors) eventually became royal southern: large rice and indigo plantations with slaves northern: small self-sufficient tobacco farms : 

82 Founded 1663, led by nobles (lord proprietors) eventually became royal southern: large rice and indigo plantations with slaves northern: small self-sufficient tobacco farms Carolina Colonial Period

They were new religious leaders who helped form the Great Awakening and broke away from the “old” congregational church in New England. : 

83 They were new religious leaders who helped form the Great Awakening and broke away from the “old” congregational church in New England. “New Lights” Colonial Period

It was the ship that carried the Pilgrims across the Atlantic from the Netherlands to Plymouth Plantation in 1920 (the Pilgrims had fled England to the Netherlands before heading to the New World).: 

84 It was the ship that carried the Pilgrims across the Atlantic from the Netherlands to Plymouth Plantation in 1920 (the Pilgrims had fled England to the Netherlands before heading to the New World). Mayflower Colonial Period

Colonists in the NE formed this in 1643 as a defense against local Native American tribes and the encroaching Dutch. The colonists formed the alliance without the English crown’s authorization.: 

85 Colonists in the NE formed this in 1643 as a defense against local Native American tribes and the encroaching Dutch. The colonists formed the alliance without the English crown’s authorization. New England Confederation Colonial Period

Capitalized on the complaints of his fellow poor farmers, and went on to lead a rebellion against local native villages, Successful in defeating Sir William Berkley's forces, and then set fire to Jamestown : 

86 Capitalized on the complaints of his fellow poor farmers, and went on to lead a rebellion against local native villages, Successful in defeating Sir William Berkley's forces, and then set fire to Jamestown Nathaniel Bacon Colonial Period

A large estate where cash crops are grown on a large scale (especially in tropical areas) – THINK Southern Colonies and West Indies : 

87 A large estate where cash crops are grown on a large scale (especially in tropical areas) – THINK Southern Colonies and West Indies plantation Colonial Period

Founded in 1636 by Thomas Hooker because of previous religious disagreements, it led to the 1st written constitution in North America (Fundamental Orders). : 

88 Founded in 1636 by Thomas Hooker because of previous religious disagreements, it led to the 1 st written constitution in North America (Fundamental Orders). Connecticut Colonial Period

It was a time of religious fervor during the 1730s and 1740s. The movement arose in reaction to the rise of skepticism and the waning of religious faith brought about by the Enlightenment. Protestant ministers held revivals throughout the English colonies in America, stressing the need for individuals to repent and urging a personal understanding of truth.: 

89 It was a time of religious fervor during the 1730s and 1740s. The movement arose in reaction to the rise of skepticism and the waning of religious faith brought about by the Enlightenment. Protestant ministers held revivals throughout the English colonies in America, stressing the need for individuals to repent and urging a personal understanding of truth. First Great Awakening Colonial Period

Passed under the mercantilist system, they (1651-1673) regulated trade in order to benefit the British economy. They restricted trade between England and its colonies to English or colonial ships, required certain colonial goods to pass through England before export, provided subsidies for the production of certain raw goods in the colonies, and banned colonial competition in large scale manufacturing.: 

90 Passed under the mercantilist system, they (1651-1673) regulated trade in order to benefit the British economy. They restricted trade between England and its colonies to English or colonial ships, required certain colonial goods to pass through England before export, provided subsidies for the production of certain raw goods in the colonies, and banned colonial competition in large scale manufacturing. Navigation Acts Colonial Period

First African-American poet to be published in America : 

91 First African-American poet to be published in America Phillis Wheatley Colonial Period

They were usually white adult males who bound themselves to labor in the colonies for a fixed number or years in order to secure their freedom. Some immigrants came to the colonies willingly, while others were criminals, and still others were kidnapped or manipulated into coming in order to remedy the severe labor shortage in the colonies.: 

92 They were usually white adult males who bound themselves to labor in the colonies for a fixed number or years in order to secure their freedom. Some immigrants came to the colonies willingly, while others were criminals, and still others were kidnapped or manipulated into coming in order to remedy the severe labor shortage in the colonies. Indentured servitude Colonial Period

In Calvinism, they were “the elect”. Believed that they were already predestined to go to Heaven (they had a conversion experience) and could vote in the church.: 

93 In Calvinism, they were “the elect”. Believed that they were already predestined to go to Heaven (they had a conversion experience) and could vote in the church. Visible Saints Colonial Period

Fancy word for 2 house legislature (this was a trend in colonial government)?: 

94 Fancy word for 2 house legislature (this was a trend in colonial government)? bicameral Colonial Period

To have a healthy one, a nation should have more exports than imports: 

95 To have a healthy one, a nation should have more exports than imports Balance of Trade Colonial Period

They were appointed successors to King James II (Catholic). They were brought in to rule as limited monarchs (NOT absolute monarchs). Think Glorious Revolution!: 

96 They were appointed successors to King James II (Catholic). They were brought in to rule as limited monarchs (NOT absolute monarchs). Think Glorious Revolution! William and Mary Colonial Period

The overthrow of (Catholic) King James || of England (1688-1689) , William and Mary became rulers of England. WHAT was the NAME for THIS? (Hint) - the “bloodless revolution”? : 

97 The overthrow of (Catholic) King James || of England (1688-1689) , William and Mary became rulers of England. WHAT was the NAME for THIS? (Hint) - the “bloodless revolution”? Glorious Revolution Colonial Period

He published articles critical of British governor William Cosby. He was taken to trial, but found not guilty b/c CRITICISM WAS NOT LIBEL IF TRUE The trial (1735) set a precedent for freedom of the press in the colonies.: 

98 He published articles critical of British governor William Cosby. He was taken to trial, but found not guilty b/c CRITICISM WAS NOT LIBEL IF TRUE The trial (1735) set a precedent for freedom of the press in the colonies. John Peter Zenger Colonial Period

Established in Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619, is considered to be the first representative government in the New World. It consisted of 22 representatives from 11 districts of colonists.: 

99 Established in Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619, is considered to be the first representative government in the New World. It consisted of 22 representatives from 11 districts of colonists. House of Burgesses Colonial Period

In the absence of government funding, these formed to accrue funding for colonization through the sale of public shares. They dominated English colonization throughout the seventeenth century.: 

100 In the absence of government funding, these formed to accrue funding for colonization through the sale of public shares. They dominated English colonization throughout the seventeenth century. Joint-stock companies Colonial Period

Set up by the Puritans of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, it was a church system in which each local church served as the center of its own community. This structure stood in contrast to the Church of England, in which the single state church held sway over all local churches.: 

101 Set up by the Puritans of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, it was a church system in which each local church served as the center of its own community. This structure stood in contrast to the Church of England, in which the single state church held sway over all local churches. Congregationalism Colonial Period

Name for business under the mercantilist system which linked England, its colonies in North America, the West Indies, and Africa. New England rum was shipped to Africa and traded for slaves, who were brought to the West Indies and traded for sugar and molasses, which went back to New England.: 

102 Name for business under the mercantilist system which linked England, its colonies in North America, the West Indies, and Africa. New England rum was shipped to Africa and traded for slaves, who were brought to the West Indies and traded for sugar and molasses, which went back to New England. Triangular Trade Colonial Period

They were English Protestants who would not accept allegiance in any form to the Church of England. Example: the Pilgrims, founded Plymouth Plantation and went on to other settlements in Rhode Island and elsewhere in New England. : 

103 They were English Protestants who would not accept allegiance in any form to the Church of England. Example: the Pilgrims, founded Plymouth Plantation and went on to other settlements in Rhode Island and elsewhere in New England. Separatists Colonial Period

In 1692, several girls accused their neighbors of witchcraft. More than 100 people were tried as witches, and 19 women and one man were executed. Puritan minister Cotton Mather eventually helped stop the trials and executions. Where did this occur?: 

104 In 1692, several girls accused their neighbors of witchcraft. More than 100 people were tried as witches, and 19 women and one man were executed. Puritan minister Cotton Mather eventually helped stop the trials and executions. Where did this occur? Salem, Massachusetts Colonial Period

They were a Protestant group aiming to “cleanse” the Anglican Church. In the early 1600s, they suffered religious persecution in England and emigrated to the Americas. The first group of them established the Massachusetts Bay Colony in Boston. From Boston, their influence in North America spread throughout the region of New England and with it came a focus on family life and a pious restraint of passion.: 

105 They were a Protestant group aiming to “cleanse” the Anglican Church. In the early 1600s, they suffered religious persecution in England and emigrated to the Americas. The first group of them established the Massachusetts Bay Colony in Boston. From Boston, their influence in North America spread throughout the region of New England and with it came a focus on family life and a pious restraint of passion. Puritans Colonial Period

They were a group of English Separatists who had originally sought refuge in the Netherlands. In 1620, they sailed to Plymouth on the Mayflower and established the colony of Plymouth Plantation.: 

106 They were a group of English Separatists who had originally sought refuge in the Netherlands. In 1620, they sailed to Plymouth on the Mayflower and established the colony of Plymouth Plantation. Pilgrims Colonial Period

1st common experience of colonies New protestant divisions grew: (Baptists and Methodists) New universities were created: Dartmouth, Rutgers, Princeton: 

107 1 st common experience of colonies New protestant divisions grew: (Baptists and Methodists) New universities were created: Dartmouth, Rutgers, Princeton First Great Awakening - results Colonial Period

Itinerant preacher, great speaker he helped start the Great Awakening, also a leader of the "New Lights.": 

108 Itinerant preacher, great speaker he helped start the Great Awakening, also a leader of the "New Lights." George Whitefield Colonial Period

Delivered famous “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” sermon (1741) and is credited for starting the First Great Awakening.: 

109 Delivered famous “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” sermon (1741) and is credited for starting the First Great Awakening. Jonathan Edwards Colonial Period

English Political Party favored changes (liberal) wanted strong parliament: 

110 English Political Party favored changes (liberal) wanted strong parliament Whigs Colonial Period

Believed in the power of one’s “inner light” or that the power of God resided in the soul of the individual. They led to William Penn’s “Holy Experiment”: 

111 Believed in the power of one’s “inner light” or that the power of God resided in the soul of the individual. They led to William Penn’s “Holy Experiment” Quakers Colonial Period

EVIDENCE OF SELF-GOVERNMENT: Colonial protests of Duke of York’s rule led to this which gave New York: elected assembly, freedom of worship, trial by jury: 

112 EVIDENCE OF SELF-GOVERNMENT: Colonial protests of Duke of York’s rule led to this which gave New York: elected assembly, freedom of worship, trial by jury New York Charter of Liberties and Privileges Colonial Period

A pilgrim that lived in a north colony called Plymouth in 1620 and was chosen governor 30 times. : 

113 A pilgrim that lived in a north colony called Plymouth in 1620 and was chosen governor 30 times. William Bradford Colonial Period

The Southern Colonies (names)? : 

114 The Southern Colonies (names)? Chesapeake (Virginia, Maryland), Carolinas, and Georgia Colonial Period

King James II of England decreed the creation of this as a measure to enforce the Navigation Acts and to coordinate the mutual defense of colonies against the French and hostile Native Americans. : 

115 King James II of England decreed the creation of this as a measure to enforce the Navigation Acts and to coordinate the mutual defense of colonies against the French and hostile Native Americans. Dominion of New England Colonial Period

Large farming estates, large tracks of land, popular in the south. : 

116 Large farming estates, large tracks of land, popular in the south. Plantation System Colonial Period

“First constitution" in colonial America, drafted by Thomas Hooker (hint) and others; served as a model for future constitutions; power of government to come from the people. : 

117 “First constitution" in colonial America, drafted by Thomas Hooker (hint) and others; served as a model for future constitutions; power of government to come from the people. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, 1639 Colonial Period

He founded Connecticut in for religious reasons (Massachusetts bay was too strict). Led to the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut!: 

118 He founded Connecticut in for religious reasons (Massachusetts bay was too strict). Led to the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut! Thomas Hooker Colonial Period

This act was created because of the fear that more Protestants would come to Lord Baltimore’s colony, and persecute the Catholics there. It stated, if you believed in the divinity of Jesus then you had religious freedom. : 

119 This act was created because of the fear that more Protestants would come to Lord Baltimore’s colony, and persecute the Catholics there. It stated, if you believed in the divinity of Jesus then you had religious freedom. Maryland Act of Religious Toleration 1649 Colonial Period

Middle colonies consisted of? – : 

120 Middle colonies consisted of? – Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, and Delaware Colonial Period

When King James II was dethroned and replaced by King William of the Netherlands, the colonists of New York started this rebellion? It represented the poor and working class, resulting in class tension. : 

121 When King James II was dethroned and replaced by King William of the Netherlands, the colonists of New York started this rebellion? It represented the poor and working class, resulting in class tension. Leisler's Rebellion Colonial Period

Puritans moved across the Atlantic seeking religious freedom and a new start (in large numbers during the 1630s-1640s). : 

122 Puritans moved across the Atlantic seeking religious freedom and a new start (in large numbers during the 1630s-1640s). The Great Puritan Migration Colonial Period

Mass Bay Colony (economy) primarily consisted of? : 

123 Mass Bay Colony (economy) primarily consisted of? Primarily fishing, shipbuilding and timber Colonial Period

a dissenter in the Massachusetts Bay Colony who caused a schism in the Puritan community. She was expelled from the colony in 1637 and traveled southward with a number of her followers, establishing the settlement of Portsmouth, Rhode Island.: 

124 a dissenter in the Massachusetts Bay Colony who caused a schism in the Puritan community. She was expelled from the colony in 1637 and traveled southward with a number of her followers, establishing the settlement of Portsmouth, Rhode Island. Anne Hutchinson Colonial Period

It applied to those members of the Puritan colonies who were the children of church members, but who hadn’t achieved a “conversion experience” themselves. It allowed them to participate in some church affairs.: 

125 It applied to those members of the Puritan colonies who were the children of church members, but who hadn’t achieved a “conversion experience” themselves. It allowed them to participate in some church affairs. Halfway Covenant Colonial Period

1680, in Spanish territory (present day New Mexico), this Native American rebellion was one of the most successful in the New World and it led to governors changing tactics and became more cooperative w/ them. : 

126 1680, in Spanish territory (present day New Mexico), this Native American rebellion was one of the most successful in the New World and it led to governors changing tactics and became more cooperative w/ them. Pueblo Revolt or Pope’s Rebellion Colonial Period

Name for French fur traders “roamers of the woods”: 

127 Name for French fur traders “roamers of the woods” coureurs de bois Colonial Period

Indians who fought with Jamestown colony, Pocahontas was one. John Smith helped have friendly relations with them?: 

128 Indians who fought with Jamestown colony, Pocahontas was one. John Smith helped have friendly relations with them? Powhatans Colonial Period

Duke of York gives parts of the New York colony to Berkeley and Carteret, which they eventually sold to Quakers? : 

129 Duke of York gives parts of the New York colony to Berkeley and Carteret, which they eventually sold to Quakers? New Jersey Colonial Period

Originally a trading and fishing colony run by John Mason, it was annexed by the Mass Bay Colony and eventually separated from Massachusetts by king Charles II in 1679 (became a royal colony w/appointed governor) : 

130 Originally a trading and fishing colony run by John Mason, it was annexed by the Mass Bay Colony and eventually separated from Massachusetts by king Charles II in 1679 (became a royal colony w/appointed governor) New Hampshire Colonial Period

one of the strongest and longest lasting Native American alliances Nearly wiped out New France : 

131 one of the strongest and longest lasting Native American alliances Nearly wiped out New France Iroquois League/Confederation Colonial Period

power to tax and spend public money: 

132 power to tax and spend public money power of the purse Colonial Period

Created the Lords of Trade and Dominion of New England He was a Catholic king feared by parliament, overthrown by William and Mary in a bloodless revolution : 

133 Created the Lords of Trade and Dominion of New England He was a Catholic king feared by parliament, overthrown by William and Mary in a bloodless revolution James II Colonial Period

WHAT: a line between four U.S. states, forming part of the borders of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, and West Virginia (then part of Virginia). WHEN:1763 and 1767 WHY: border dispute between British colonies in SIGNIFICANCE: symbolically used as boundary between free states and slave states: 

134 WHAT: a line between four U.S. states, forming part of the borders of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, and West Virginia (then part of Virginia). WHEN:1763 and 1767 WHY: border dispute between British colonies in SIGNIFICANCE: symbolically used as boundary between free states and slave states Mason-Dixon Line Colonial Period

William Penn's title for his colony in Pennsylvania, dealt fairly with Indians, freedom of religion : 

135 William Penn's title for his colony in Pennsylvania, dealt fairly with Indians, freedom of religion “Holy Experiment” Colonial Period

Villages of converted Native Americans (originally set up by John Eliot they helped Native Americans assimilate): 

136 Villages of converted Native Americans (originally set up by John Eliot they helped Native Americans assimilate) Praying Towns Colonial Period

Conquistador who led an expedition that searched for the seven golden cities of Cibola and in doing so claimed much of American southwest for Spain (first European to see Grand Canyon) : 

137 Conquistador who led an expedition that searched for the seven golden cities of Cibola and in doing so claimed much of American southwest for Spain (first European to see Grand Canyon) Francisco Coronado AGE OF EXPLORATION

Founded New York. Got the land when Dutch surrendered and no gun shot was fired when the king of England ordered military takeover James, brother of Charles II : 

138 Founded New York. Got the land when Dutch surrendered and no gun shot was fired when the king of England ordered military takeover James, brother of Charles II Duke of York Colonial Period

1 parent European, 1 parent Native American People in Spanish New World: 

139 1 parent European, 1 parent Native American People in Spanish New World Mestizo AGE OF EXPLORATION

– European descent, born in colonies People in Spanish New World: 

140 – European descent, born in colonies People in Spanish New World Creole AGE OF EXPLORATION

It allowed for hunters/gatherers (they were moving from place to place for food) from Asia to get to the Americas as much as 40,000 years ago?: 

141 It allowed for hunters/gatherers (they were moving from place to place for food) from Asia to get to the Americas as much as 40,000 years ago? Beringia AGE OF EXPLORATION

Complex Native American society that developed on the Yucatan Peninsula. They had a had a more accurate calendar than Europeans and a sophisticated approach to mathematics and astronomy : 

142 Complex Native American society that developed on the Yucatan Peninsula. They had a had a more accurate calendar than Europeans and a sophisticated approach to mathematics and astronomy Mayans AGE OF EXPLORATION

Spanish conquistador who explored Florida. First European to reach the Mississippi river. : 

143 Spanish conquistador who explored Florida. First European to reach the Mississippi river. Hernando de Soto AGE OF EXPLORATION

WHEN: 1598 WHAT: 1t was granted by King Henry IV of France and gave Huguenots (French Calvinists) limited rights: 

144 WHEN: 1598 WHAT: 1t was granted by King Henry IV of France and gave Huguenots (French Calvinists) limited rights Edict of Nantes Colonial Period

Sea Dog – smuggled English goods into Spanish colonies?: 

145 Sea Dog – smuggled English goods into Spanish colonies? Sir John Hawkins Colonial Period

Sir Walter Raleigh's half-brother, claimed Newfoundland after receiving a grant from Elizabeth I He was brutal to the Irish?: 

146 Sir Walter Raleigh's half-brother, claimed Newfoundland after receiving a grant from Elizabeth I He was brutal to the Irish? Sir Humphrey Gilbert Colonial Period

A colony settled in Virginia to make money. It was the first permanent English settlement. Founded in 1607 by the Virginia company (joint-stock company) : 

147 A colony settled in Virginia to make money. It was the first permanent English settlement. Founded in 1607 by the Virginia company (joint-stock company) Jamestown Colonial Period

Daughter of Powhatan, member of Powhatan tribe, saved captain John Smith's life and married John Rolfe (led to a time of peace between the English and the Indians): 

148 Daughter of Powhatan, member of Powhatan tribe, saved captain John Smith's life and married John Rolfe (led to a time of peace between the English and the Indians) Pocahontas Colonial Period

Founded by Lord Baltimore, safe haven for Catholics, created the Act of Religious Toleration (1849) and had tobacco plantations? : 

149 Founded by Lord Baltimore, safe haven for Catholics, created the Act of Religious Toleration (1849) and had tobacco plantations? Maryland Colonial Period

Colony founded in 1620 by the separatist Pilgrims who came over on the Mayflower. Located on Cape Cod in New England. : 

150 Colony founded in 1620 by the separatist Pilgrims who came over on the Mayflower. Located on Cape Cod in New England. Plymouth Colonial Period

One of the first colonies in New England; established in 1630 by puritans. John Winthrop was first governor and Boston was capital. Brought lots of families and grew as a result of the Great Puritan Migration? : 

151 One of the first colonies in New England; established in 1630 by puritans. John Winthrop was first governor and Boston was capital. Brought lots of families and grew as a result of the Great Puritan Migration? Mass. Bay Colony Colonial Period

a purely democratic form of government common in the Middle and New England colonies (especially New England) voting population would meet once a year to elect officers, levy taxes, and pass laws EXAMLE OF SELF GOVERNMENT : 

152 a purely democratic form of government common in the Middle and New England colonies (especially New England) voting population would meet once a year to elect officers, levy taxes, and pass laws EXAMLE OF SELF GOVERNMENT Town meetings Colonial Period

the belief that god's chosen people did not have to obey god's or man's laws because they were already in god's record as predestined to enter heaven. Identified with Anne Hutchinson : 

153 the belief that god's chosen people did not have to obey god's or man's laws because they were already in god's record as predestined to enter heaven. Identified with Anne Hutchinson Antinomianism Colonial Period

New England Colonies?: 

154 New England Colonies? Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire Colonial Period

Middle Colonies?: 

155 Middle Colonies? New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware Colonial Period

Southern Colonies: 

156 Southern Colonies Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia Colonial Period

Example of self-government in Pennsylvania (William Penn’s government)?: 

157 Example of self-government in Pennsylvania (William Penn’s government)? Greater Law of Pennsylvania Colonial Period

the oldest college in America (1636), which reflected puritan commitment to an educated ministry : 

158 the oldest college in America (1636), which reflected puritan commitment to an educated ministry Harvard Colonial Period

WHO: Wampanoags and Narragansetts were angry about losing more land to colonists. WHAT: tribes united to drive English off of land RESULTS: thousands died, many villages (52) burned 3,000 Native Americans, 1,000 colonists last major attempt to stop colonial spread in New England : 

159 WHO: Wampanoags and Narragansetts were angry about losing more land to colonists. WHAT: tribes united to drive English off of land RESULTS: thousands died, many villages (52) burned 3,000 Native Americans, 1,000 colonists last major attempt to stop colonial spread in New England King Philip’s War Colonial Period

English Political Party favored little change (conservative) favored powerful monarch: 

160 English Political Party favored little change (conservative) favored powerful monarch Tories Colonial Period

Anyone not a Christian or a Jew: 

161 Anyone not a Christian or a Jew heathens Colonial Period

WHAT: justice without juries Helped enforce navigation acts EFFECTS: Feared by colonists, yet welcomed if they helped. : 

162 WHAT: justice without juries Helped enforce navigation acts EFFECTS: Feared by colonists, yet welcomed if they helped. Vice-Admiralty Courts Colonial Period

He had been a leader of the Sons of Liberty and started the Committees of Correspondence. He was crucial in spreading the principle of colonial rights throughout New England and is credited with helping start the Boston Tea Party.: 

163 He had been a leader of the Sons of Liberty and started the Committees of Correspondence. He was crucial in spreading the principle of colonial rights throughout New England and is credited with helping start the Boston Tea Party. Samuel Adams Revolution/Constitution

In response to the 1765 Stamp Act, Patrick Henry persuaded the Virginia House of Burgesses to adopt several strongly worded resolutions that denied Parliament’s right to tax the colonies. This was known as ? They persuaded many other colonial legislatures to adopt similar positions.: 

164 In response to the 1765 Stamp Act, Patrick Henry persuaded the Virginia House of Burgesses to adopt several strongly worded resolutions that denied Parliament’s right to tax the colonies. This was known as ? They persuaded many other colonial legislatures to adopt similar positions. Virginia Resolves Revolution/Constitution

PURPOSE: raise revenue (money) WHAT: 1765 - Direct tax you had to buy and put on - legal documents, pamphlets, and advertisements (even playing cards and dice) 1st direct tax: collected from those who used the goods Led to major, organized RESISTANCE: 

165 PURPOSE : raise revenue (money) WHAT : 1765 - Direct tax you had to buy and put on - legal documents, pamphlets, and advertisements (even playing cards and dice) 1 st direct tax : collected from those who used the goods Led to major, organized RESISTANCE Stamp Act Revolution/Constitution

Term for a two house legislature (like under the Constitution)?: 

166 Term for a two house legislature (like under the Constitution)? bicameral Revolution/Constitution

Creates 3-5 new territories in Northwest Population of 5,000 may elect Assembly Population of 60,000 may petition for statehood Bill of Rights provided Slavery outlawed One of the few successes of the Articles of Confederation : 

167 Creates 3-5 new territories in Northwest Population of 5,000 may elect Assembly Population of 60,000 may petition for statehood Bill of Rights provided Slavery outlawed One of the few successes of the Articles of Confederation Northwest Ordinance, 1787 Revolution/Constitution

This group picked candidates for president until nominating conventions started in 1824: 

168 This group picked candidates for president until nominating conventions started in 1824 Congressional Caucus Revolution/Constitution

British gained: all French lands east of the Mississippi River BIG DEBT: 140,000 Pounds! – LED TO END OF SALUTARY NEGLECT Colonists gained: confidence in their abilities Ottawa Chief Pontiac’s unsuccessful rebellion Proclamation of 1763 : 

169 British gained: all French lands east of the Mississippi River BIG DEBT: 140,000 Pounds! – LED TO END OF SALUTARY NEGLECT Colonists gained: confidence in their abilities Ottawa Chief Pontiac’s unsuccessful rebellion Proclamation of 1763 Results of French and Indian War Revolution/Constitution

5 major issues during the Constitutional Convention?: 

170 5 major issues during the Constitutional Convention? Representation Slavery Trade (who controls?, taxes?, tariffs?) Powers and election of President Ratification Revolution/Constitution

Throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, the English government did not enforce those trade laws that most harmed the colonial economy. Purpose: ensure the loyalty of the colonists in the face of the French territorial and commercial threat in North America. The English ceased practicing it following British victory in the French and Indian War.: 

171 Throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, the English government did not enforce those trade laws that most harmed the colonial economy. Purpose: ensure the loyalty of the colonists in the face of the French territorial and commercial threat in North America. The English ceased practicing it following British victory in the French and Indian War. Salutary neglect Revolution/Constitution

In March 1770, a crowd of colonists protested against British customs and the presence of British troops in Boston. Violence flared, and five colonists were killed. Used as propaganda through Paul Revere’s engraving to incite anti-British sentiment.: 

172 In March 1770, a crowd of colonists protested against British customs and the presence of British troops in Boston. Violence flared, and five colonists were killed. Used as propaganda through Paul Revere’s engraving to incite anti-British sentiment. Boston Massacre Revolution/Constitution

1767 - This act taxed glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea entering the colonies. It was an indirect tax. PROBLEM: Money used to pay crown’s officials in colonies crown’s officials had been paid by the colonial assemblies LED TO: Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer and Massachusetts Circular Letter: 

173 1767 - This act taxed glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea entering the colonies. It was an indirect tax. PROBLEM: Money used to pay crown’s officials in colonies crown’s officials had been paid by the colonial assemblies LED TO: Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer and Massachusetts Circular Letter Townshend Duties or Act Revolution/Constitution

Changes on British policy after the French and Indian War led to troubles between Britain and its North American colonies. It lasted from the Declaration of Independence in 1776 until the Treaty of Paris in 1783. The American colonists defeated the British and won independence.: 

174 Changes on British policy after the French and Indian War led to troubles between Britain and its North American colonies. It lasted from the Declaration of Independence in 1776 until the Treaty of Paris in 1783. The American colonists defeated the British and won independence. Revolutionary War Revolution/Constitution

King of England from 1760 to 1820, EXERCISED A GREATER HAND IN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE AMERICAN COLONIES THAN HAD MANY OF HIS PREDECESSORS. Colonists were torn between loyalty to the king and resistance to acts carried out in his name. He REJECTED THE OLIVE BRANCH PETITION and the colonists came to see him as a tyrant.: 

175 King of England from 1760 to 1820, EXERCISED A GREATER HAND IN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE AMERICAN COLONIES THAN HAD MANY OF HIS PREDECESSORS. Colonists were torn between loyalty to the king and resistance to acts carried out in his name. He REJECTED THE OLIVE BRANCH PETITION and the colonists came to see him as a tyrant. King George III Revolution/Constitution

CONVENED on September 5, 1774, TO PROTEST THE INTOLERABLE ACTS. The congress endorsed the Suffolk Resolves, voted for a boycott of British imports, and sent a petition to King George III, and created “The Association” to enforce non-importation of British goods. : 

176 CONVENED on September 5, 1774, TO PROTEST THE INTOLERABLE ACTS. The congress endorsed the Suffolk Resolves, voted for a boycott of British imports, and sent a petition to King George III, and created “The Association” to enforce non-importation of British goods. First Continental Congress Revolution/Constitution

Approved by Congress on July 4, 1776. Drafted by Thomas Jefferson, it PROVIDED A RATIONALE FOR THE REVOLUTON; LAID OUT THE ENLIGHTENMENT VALUES (best expressed by John Locke) of natural rights to “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”; and sought to INVITE ASSISTANCE FROM THE WORLD AND COLONIES.: 

177 Approved by Congress on July 4, 1776. Drafted by Thomas Jefferson, it PROVIDED A RATIONALE FOR THE REVOLUTON; LAID OUT THE ENLIGHTENMENT VALUES (best expressed by John Locke) of natural rights to “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”; and sought to INVITE ASSISTANCE FROM THE WORLD AND COLONIES. Declaration of Independence Revolution/Constitution

OUTLINES THE OPERATION AND CENTRAL PRINCIPLES OF AMERICAN GOVERNMENT. It replaced the Articles of Confederation, it CREATED A STRONG CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WITH BROAD JUDICIAL, LEGISLATIVE, AND EXECUTIVE POWERS, though it purposely restricted the extent of these powers through a system of CHECKS AND BALANCES. Ratified by the states in 1789.: 

178 OUTLINES THE OPERATION AND CENTRAL PRINCIPLES OF AMERICAN GOVERNMENT. It replaced the Articles of Confederation, it CREATED A STRONG CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WITH BROAD JUDICIAL, LEGISLATIVE, AND EXECUTIVE POWERS, though it purposely restricted the extent of these powers through a system of CHECKS AND BALANCES. Ratified by the states in 1789. Constitution Revolution/Constitution

Thomas Paine published this in 1776 ARGUING THAT THE COLONISTS SHOULD FREE THEMSELVES FROM BRITISH RULE and establish an independent government based on Enlightenment ideals. It became so popular and INFLUENTIAL IN THE COLONIES that many historians credit it WITH DISSOLVING THE FINAL BARRIERS TO THE FIGHT FOR INDEPENDENCE.: 

179 Thomas Paine published this in 1776 ARGUING THAT THE COLONISTS SHOULD FREE THEMSELVES FROM BRITISH RULE and establish an independent government based on Enlightenment ideals. It became so popular and INFLUENTIAL IN THE COLONIES that many historians credit it WITH DISSOLVING THE FINAL BARRIERS TO THE FIGHT FOR INDEPENDENCE. Common Sense Revolution/Constitution

This radical group led colonial opposition to the Stamp Act. Formed to intimidate tax agents: burned customs houses tarred and feathered revenue officials hung and burned effigies of stamp agents incited riots Some leaders: Samuel Adams, Paul Revere, and John Adams: 

180 This radical group led colonial opposition to the Stamp Act. Formed to intimidate tax agents: burned customs houses tarred and feathered revenue officials hung and burned effigies of stamp agents incited riots Some leaders: Samuel Adams, Paul Revere, and John Adams Sons of Liberty Revolution/Constitution

Adopted in 1777 during the Revolutionary War, they established the United States of America. They GRANTED LIMITED POWERS TO THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT, reserving most powers for the states. The federal government could not levy taxes, regulate commerce, or enforce laws. The Constitution replaced them in 1789.: 

181 Adopted in 1777 during the Revolutionary War, they established the United States of America. They GRANTED LIMITED POWERS TO THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT, reserving most powers for the states. The federal government could not levy taxes, regulate commerce, or enforce laws. The Constitution replaced them in 1789. Articles of Confederation Revolution/Constitution

He published Common Sense in 1776, urging Americans that it was only “common sense” that a small country with a tyrannical king so far away should rule the colonies (helped spark the Revolutionary War).: 

182 He published Common Sense in 1776, urging Americans that it was only “common sense” that a small country with a tyrannical king so far away should rule the colonies (helped spark the Revolutionary War). Thomas Paine Revolution/Constitution

After the French and Indian War, colonists began moving westward and settling on Indian land. A large number of Indian tribes banded together under the Ottawa chief __________ to keep the colonists from taking over their land. _______________________ led to Britain’s Proclamation of 1763, which stated that colonists could not settle west of the Appalachian Mountains: 

183 After the French and Indian War, colonists began moving westward and settling on Indian land. A large number of Indian tribes banded together under the Ottawa chief __________ to keep the colonists from taking over their land. _______________________ led to Britain’s Proclamation of 1763, which stated that colonists could not settle west of the Appalachian Mountains Pontiac, Pontiac’s Rebellion Revolution/Constitution

General search warrants that allowed British customs officers to search any colonial building or ship that they believed might contain smuggled goods, even without probable cause. UPSET THE COLONISTS.: 

184 General search warrants that allowed British customs officers to search any colonial building or ship that they believed might contain smuggled goods, even without probable cause. UPSET THE COLONISTS. Writs of Assistance Revolution/Constitution

It was presented to the Constitutional Convention and proposed the creation of a bicameral legislature with representation in both houses proportional to population. It favored the large states, which would have a much greater voice. : 

185 It was presented to the Constitutional Convention and proposed the creation of a bicameral legislature with representation in both houses proportional to population. It favored the large states, which would have a much greater voice. Virginia Plan Revolution/Constitution

BIG PICTURE: It ended the Revolutionary War Britain recognized the U. S. as independent The Mississippi River is new western boundary of the U.S.A. Americans got fishing rights off of the coast of Canada Americans would pay debts owed to British merchants and give back Loyalist property seized during the war: 

186 BIG PICTURE : It ended the Revolutionary War Britain recognized the U. S. as independent The Mississippi River is new western boundary of the U.S.A. Americans got fishing rights off of the coast of Canada Americans would pay debts owed to British merchants and give back Loyalist property seized during the war Treaty of Paris (1783) Revolution/Constitution

They were colonists who disagreed with the move for independence and did not support the Revolution. Instead they supported the British. Made up about 1/3 of the colonists.: 

187 They were colonists who disagreed with the move for independence and did not support the Revolution. Instead they supported the British. Made up about 1/3 of the colonists. Tories, loyalists Revolution/Constitution

WHAT: Slaves counted as 3/5ths of a person for purposes of taxation and representation Slave trade guaranteed for 20 years (1808) SIGNIFICANCE: It helped resolve the debate over slavery and representation during the Constitutional Convention: 

188 WHAT: Slaves counted as 3/5ths of a person for purposes of taxation and representation Slave trade guaranteed for 20 years (1808) SIGNIFICANCE: It helped resolve the debate over slavery and representation during the Constitutional Convention Three-fifths Compromise Revolution/Constitution

When: 1773 What: Made British tea the cheapest available (cheaper than smuggled tea) Gave British East India Co. monopoly on tea trade Made it illegal to buy non-British tea Forced 3 cent tea tax: 

189 When: 1773 What: Made British tea the cheapest available (cheaper than smuggled tea) Gave British East India Co. monopoly on tea trade Made it illegal to buy non-British tea Forced 3 cent tea tax Tea Act Revolution/Constitution

WHO: Prime Minister George Grenville Purpose: to raise money for the crown for defense stricter enforcement of Navigation Acts aimed to stop smuggling What: dropped existing tax on foreign-produced sugar to 3 pence, but led to strict enforcement encouraged use of vice-admiralty courts: 

190 WHO : Prime Minister George Grenville Purpose : to raise money for the crown for defense stricter enforcement of Navigation Acts aimed to stop smuggling What : dropped existing tax on foreign-produced sugar to 3 pence, but led to strict enforcement encouraged use of vice-admiralty courts Sugar Act Revolution/Constitution

WHERE: Massachusetts WHAT: declared that the colonies need not obey the 1774 Coercive Acts, since they infringed upon basic liberties. RESULT: Endorsed by the First Continental Congress: 

191 WHERE: Massachusetts WHAT: declared that the colonies need not obey the 1774 Coercive Acts, since they infringed upon basic liberties. RESULT: Endorsed by the First Continental Congress Suffolk Resolves Revolution/Constitution

In 1781, French and American forces encircled and trapped British General Cornwallis’s army, forcing surrender of 8,000 troops. IT ENDED THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR!: 

192 In 1781, French and American forces encircled and trapped British General Cornwallis’s army, forcing surrender of 8,000 troops. IT ENDED THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR! Battle of Yorktown Revolution/Constitution

WHERE: Met in Philadelphia WHAT: Declaration of the Causes and Necessities for Taking Up Arms: George Washington (political pick, why?) named Commander-in-Chief of a new colonial army American Navy and Marine Corps. organized ISSUED: Olive Branch Petition July, 1775 final offer of peace to Britain, agreeing to be loyal to the British government if it addressed their grievances Ultimately, issued the Declaration of Independence : 

193 WHERE: Met in Philadelphia WHAT: Declaration of the Causes and Necessities for Taking Up Arms: George Washington (political pick, why?) named Commander-in-Chief of a new colonial army American Navy and Marine Corps. organized ISSUED: Olive Branch Petition July, 1775 final offer of peace to Britain, agreeing to be loyal to the British government if it addressed their grievances Ultimately, issued the Declaration of Independence Second Continental Congress Revolution/Constitution

What: 1765 - ordered colonial assemblies to provide food (beer), candles, and living quarters for British soldiers stationed in the colonies Public buildings (taverns, village greens) EFFECT: created resentment: 

194 What : 1765 - ordered colonial assemblies to provide food (beer), candles, and living quarters for British soldiers stationed in the colonies Public buildings (taverns, village greens) EFFECT: created resentment Quartering Act Revolution/Constitution

WHO: Patrick Henry, John Hancock, Sam Adams Small farmers and settlers on western frontier WHAT: opposed to the Constitution wanted to protect states’ rights and individual rights ARGUMENT: No bill of rights! Too much power in central government!: 

195 WHO: Patrick Henry, John Hancock, Sam Adams Small farmers and settlers on western frontier WHAT: opposed to the Constitution wanted to protect states’ rights and individual rights ARGUMENT: No bill of rights! Too much power in central government! Anti-Federalists Revolution/Constitution

Vigilante groups active in the 1760s and 1770s in the western parts of North and South Carolina. In South Carolina they attempted to rid the area of outlaws; the North Carolina they sought to protect themselves against excessively high taxes and court costs. in both cases, westerners lacked sufficient representation in the legislature to obtain immediate redress of their grievances. : 

196 Vigilante groups active in the 1760s and 1770s in the western parts of North and South Carolina. In South Carolina they attempted to rid the area of outlaws; the North Carolina they sought to protect themselves against excessively high taxes and court costs. in both cases, westerners lacked sufficient representation in the legislature to obtain immediate redress of their grievances. Regulator Movement Revolution/Constitution

The Federalists argued that a Bill of rights would only _________ peoples actual rights.: 

197 The Federalists argued that a Bill of rights would only _________ peoples actual rights. limit Revolution/Constitution

Originally planning to discuss the promotion of interstate commerce, delegates from five states met at here in September 1786 and ended up SUGGESTING A CONVENTION TO AMEND THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION.: 

198 Originally planning to discuss the promotion of interstate commerce, delegates from five states met at here in September 1786 and ended up SUGGESTING A CONVENTION TO AMEND THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION. Annapolis Convention Revolution/Constitution

Presented at the Constitutional Convention as an alternative to the Virginia Plan. It favored small states in that it proposed a unicameral congress with equal representation for each state.: 

199 Presented at the Constitutional Convention as an alternative to the Virginia Plan. It favored small states in that it proposed a unicameral congress with equal representation for each state. New Jersey Plan Revolution/Constitution

Helped start the French and Indian War, and surrendered Fort Necessity to the French. LATER was appointed commander-in-chief of the continental army and eventually president of the Constitutional Convention. : 

200 Helped start the French and Indian War, and surrendered Fort Necessity to the French. LATER was appointed commander-in-chief of the continental army and eventually president of the Constitutional Convention. George Washington Revolution/Constitution

PowerPoint Presentation: 

201 Albany Plan of Union Revolution/Constitution

Solved the problem of how a president would be elected (created during the Constitutional Convention). States represented by total number of representatives in Congress.: 

202 Solved the problem of how a president would be elected (created during the Constitutional Convention). States represented by total number of representatives in Congress. Electoral College Revolution/Constitution

2000 soldier force was defeated by smaller French and Indian army near Fort Duquesne (George Washington was a volunteer) 72 French, 146 Canadians, and 637 Indians killed or wounded 977 of the 1,850 British forces: 

203 2000 soldier force was defeated by smaller French and Indian army near Fort Duquesne (George Washington was a volunteer) 72 French, 146 Canadians, and 637 Indians killed or wounded 977 of the 1,850 British forces Braddock’s Blunder Revolution/Constitution

Terms of president last _____ years.: 

204 Terms of president last _____ years. four Revolution/Constitution

Under the Constitution, presidents have considerable power. What major power due presidents hold over congress and their legislation? : 

205 Under the Constitution, presidents have considerable power. What major power due presidents hold over congress and their legislation? veto Revolution/Constitution

This Prime Minister helped Britain win the French and Indian War by capturing the fortress of Lewisburg and the cities of Quebec and Montreal (invading Canada)?: 

206 This Prime Minister helped Britain win the French and Indian War by capturing the fortress of Lewisburg and the cities of Quebec and Montreal (invading Canada)? William Pitt Revolution/Constitution

Father of the Constitution; took care of recording; proposed Virginia Plan; authored much of the Bill of Rights? : 

207 Father of the Constitution; took care of recording; proposed Virginia Plan; authored much of the Bill of Rights? James Madison Revolution/Constitution

A mob of Pennsylvania frontiersmen who massacred a group of non-hostile Indians (1763). Resented paying taxes to distant government that provided few benefits Easterners viewed the west as a backwoods!: 

208 A mob of Pennsylvania frontiersmen who massacred a group of non-hostile Indians (1763). Resented paying taxes to distant government that provided few benefits Easterners viewed the west as a backwoods! Paxton Boys Revolution/Constitution

Major weaknesses of Articles of Confederation (3 major)?: 

209 Major weaknesses of Articles of Confederation (3 major)? Couldn’t regulate trade Couldn’t collect taxes! No power to enforce laws! 9 out of 13 votes needed to pass laws (unanimous vote to amend) Revolution/Constitution

WHAT: British prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian mountains: To stabilize the western frontier To not antagonize the Indians EFFECT: angered the colonists wanted to reap the benefits in western lands Colonists defied the imaginary boundary line and moved west!: 

210 WHAT : British prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian mountains: To stabilize the western frontier To not antagonize the Indians EFFECT : angered the colonists wanted to reap the benefits in western lands Colonists defied the imaginary boundary line and moved west! Proclamation of 1763 Revolution/Constitution

Prussian (German) who helped train American troops at Valley Forge? Drilled Continental Army Whipped them into shape (39-100 lashes): 

211 Prussian (German) who helped train American troops at Valley Forge? Drilled Continental Army Whipped them into shape (39-100 lashes) Baron von Steuben Revolution/Constitution

1786-1787 - Conflict in Massachusetts caused many to criticize the Articles of Confederation and admit the weak central government was not working It started in an effort to prevent courts from foreclosing on the farms of those who could not pay the taxes : 

212 1786-1787 - Conflict in Massachusetts caused many to criticize the Articles of Confederation and admit the weak central government was not working It started in an effort to prevent courts from foreclosing on the farms of those who could not pay the taxes Shay’s Rebellion Revolution/Constitution

WHAT: 1733 - One of the earlier acts, it taxed all molasses, rum, and sugar which the colonies imported from countries other than Britain and her colonies (6 pence per gallon) colonists often paid bribe of 1 pence to get it certified British RESULT: angered the New England colonies British had difficulty enforcing the tax most colonial merchants ignored it.: 

213 WHAT : 1733 - One of the earlier acts, it taxed all molasses, rum, and sugar which the colonies imported from countries other than Britain and her colonies (6 pence per gallon) colonists often paid bribe of 1 pence to get it certified British RESULT: angered the New England colonies British had difficulty enforcing the tax most colonial merchants ignored it. Molasses Act Revolution/Constitution

A major success of the Articles of Confederation. Provided for the orderly surveying and distribution of land belonging to the U.S. It saved a portion of land surveyed for public education? : 

214 A major success of the Articles of Confederation. Provided for the orderly surveying and distribution of land belonging to the U.S. It saved a portion of land surveyed for public education? Land Ordinance of 1785 Revolution/Constitution

British Prime Minister (1763-1765) who oversaw the Sugar, Quartering, and Stamp Acts and pursued more strict enforcement?: 

215 British Prime Minister (1763-1765) who oversaw the Sugar, Quartering, and Stamp Acts and pursued more strict enforcement? George Grenville Revolution/Constitution

Native Americans typically sided with them during the Revolutionary War?: 

216 Native Americans typically sided with them during the Revolutionary War? The British Revolution/Constitution

WHAT: ended the French and Indian War in America (Seven Years’ War in Europe) RESULTS: Britain got French Canada Britain got French lands east of Mississippi River. Britain gave Cuba to Spain in exchange for Florida. French gave Spain its western claims and Louisiana.: 

217 WHAT: ended the French and Indian War in America (Seven Years’ War in Europe) RESULTS: Britain got French Canada Britain got French lands east of Mississippi River. Britain gave Cuba to Spain in exchange for Florida. French gave Spain its western claims and Louisiana. Treaty of Paris ( 1763) Revolution/Constitution

Name given to LOCAL MILITIAMEN who fought against the British during the Revolutionary War. (b/c of their supposed ABILITY TO BE READY QUICKLY).: 

218 Name given to LOCAL MILITIAMEN who fought against the British during the Revolutionary War. (b/c of their supposed ABILITY TO BE READY QUICKLY). Minutemen Revolution/Constitution

(4 acts) Passed in 1774, they were MEANT TO PUNISH THE COLONISTS AFTER THE 1773 BOSTON TEA PARTY. Seen by American colonists as the blueprints for a British plan to deny the Americans representative government. They LED TO convening of the FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS.: 

219 (4 acts) Passed in 1774, they were MEANT TO PUNISH THE COLONISTS AFTER THE 1773 BOSTON TEA PARTY. Seen by American colonists as the blueprints for a British plan to deny the Americans representative government. They LED TO convening of the FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS. “Intolerable” or Coercive Acts Revolution/Constitution

A series of newspaper articles written by John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton, they LISTED THE ARGUMENTS IN FAVOR OF THE CONSTITUTION and refuted the arguments of the Anti-Federalists.: 

220 A series of newspaper articles written by John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton, they LISTED THE ARGUMENTS IN FAVOR OF THE CONSTITUTION and refuted the arguments of the Anti-Federalists. The Federalist Papers Revolution/Constitution

The Constitution SET FORTH A GOVERNMENT COMPOSED OF THREE BRANCHES: the legislative, executive, and judicial (separation of powers). What ensured that no one branch would become too powerful?: 

221 The Constitution SET FORTH A GOVERNMENT COMPOSED OF THREE BRANCHES: the legislative, executive, and judicial (separation of powers). What ensured that no one branch would become too powerful? Checks and balances Revolution/Constitution

At the Annapolis Convention, he pushed for another meeting to “revise” the Articles of Confederation. Emerged as a major political figure during the debate over the Constitution, as the outspoken LEADER OF THE FEDERALISTS and one of the authors of The Federalist Papers.: 

222 At the Annapolis Convention, he pushed for another meeting to “revise” the Articles of Confederation. Emerged as a major political figure during the debate over the Constitution, as the outspoken LEADER OF THE FEDERALISTS and one of the authors of The Federalist Papers. Alexander Hamilton Revolution/Constitution

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN submitted this at the 1754 gathering of colonial delegates in Albany, New York. It CALLED FOR THE COLONIES TO UNIFY IN THE FACE OF FRENCH AND NATIVE AMERICAN THREATS. The delegates approved the plan, but the colonies REJECTED it for fear of losing too much power. The Crown did not support the plan, either, as it was wary of too much cooperation between the colonies.: 

223 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN submitted this at the 1754 gathering of colonial delegates in Albany, New York. It CALLED FOR THE COLONIES TO UNIFY IN THE FACE OF FRENCH AND NATIVE AMERICAN THREATS. The delegates approved the plan, but the colonies REJECTED it for fear of losing too much power. The Crown did not support the plan, either, as it was wary of too much cooperation between the colonies. Albany Plan of Union Revolution/Constitution

They rose up as the opponents of the Constitution during the period of ratification. They OPPOSED THE CONSTITUTION’S POWERFUL CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT, arguing that the Constitution gave the federal government too much political, economic, and military control. They instead ADVOCATED STATES’ RIGHTS and PROTECTIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL FREEDOMS.: 

224 They rose up as the opponents of the Constitution during the period of ratification. They OPPOSED THE CONSTITUTION’S POWERFUL CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT, arguing that the Constitution gave the federal government too much political, economic, and military control. They instead ADVOCATED STATES’ RIGHTS and PROTECTIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL FREEDOMS. Anti-Federalists Revolution/Constitution

Term for a one house legislature (like in the Articles of Confederation)?: 

225 Term for a one house legislature (like in the Articles of Confederation)? unicameral Revolution/Constitution

WHAT: 1764 - Forbade colonists to issue paper money Duties paid in specie (gold or silver) PROBLEM: wartime had inflicted a currency shortage WHY: When colonies printed more money, inflation occurred (more of something lowers the value because it is more common): 

226 WHAT: 1764 - Forbade colonists to issue paper money Duties paid in specie (gold or silver) PROBLEM: wartime had inflicted a currency shortage WHY: When colonies printed more money, inflation occurred (more of something lowers the value because it is more common) Currency Act Revolution/Constitution

WHAT WOULD WE CALL ALL OF THESE? WRITTEN CONSTITUTIONS w/list of RIGHTS! Separation of powers: Executive, legislative, and judicial Separation of church and state Voting qualifications: White, male, property owners  Office Holders - Had higher property qualifications: 

227 WHAT WOULD WE CALL ALL OF THESE ? WRITTEN CONSTITUTIONS w/list of RIGHTS! Separation of powers: Executive, legislative, and judicial Separation of church and state Voting qualifications: White, male, property owners  Office Holders - Had higher property qualifications trends in NEW STATE governments written during the Revolutionary War Revolution/Constitution

Major argument of the colonists against British policies. Brought out by Virginia Resolves, Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer, Stamp Act Congress, Committees of Correspondence, Sons and Daughter’s of Liberty, etc.?: 

228 Major argument of the colonists against British policies. Brought out by Virginia Resolves, Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer, Stamp Act Congress, Committees of Correspondence, Sons and Daughter’s of Liberty, etc.? “No taxation without representation!” Revolution/Constitution

While women were denied full legal rights after the American Revolution, this concept suggested that women should be responsible for raising their children to be virtuous citizens of the new American republic. : 

229 While women were denied full legal rights after the American Revolution, this concept suggested that women should be responsible for raising their children to be virtuous citizens of the new American republic. Republican Motherhood Revolution/Constitution

Which groups of people were left largely unaffected by the results of the American Revolution?: 

230 Which groups of people were left largely unaffected by the results of the American Revolution? African-Americans, women, and Native Americans Revolution/Constitution

British governmental theory that parliament spoke for all British subjects, including colonists, even if they did not vote for its members.: 

231 British governmental theory that parliament spoke for all British subjects, including colonists, even if they did not vote for its members. Virtual Representation Revolution/Constitution

WHEN: 1783 WHAT: Meeting in NY of Continental Army officers to address Congress about their pay. PROBLEM: They considered staging a coup and seizing control of the new government. RESULT: Washington’s comments ended any talk of a coup: 

232 WHEN: 1783 WHAT: Meeting in NY of Continental Army officers to address Congress about their pay. PROBLEM: They considered staging a coup and seizing control of the new government. RESULT: Washington’s comments ended any talk of a coup Newburgh Conspiracy Revolution/Constitution

STARTED BY: James Otis (Mass.) WHAT: Representatives (27) from nine colonies convened in New York (1765). ARGUED: No taxation w/o representation! RESULT: step toward unity: 

233 STARTED BY: James Otis (Mass.) WHAT: Representatives (27) from nine colonies convened in New York (1765). ARGUED: No taxation w/o representation! RESULT: step toward unity Stamp Act Congress Revolution/Constitution

Successful American general during the revolution who turned traitor in 1780 and joined the British cause (needed money to pay debts). : 

234 Successful American general during the revolution who turned traitor in 1780 and joined the British cause (needed money to pay debts). Benedict Arnold Revolution/Constitution

Lawyer who defended British soldiers in the Boston massacre trial. He became the first vice-president and 2nd president. His cousin was a leader of the Sons and Daughters of Liberty? : 

235 Lawyer who defended British soldiers in the Boston massacre trial. He became the first vice-president and 2 nd president. His cousin was a leader of the Sons and Daughters of Liberty? John Adams Revolution/Constitution

French military leader who served general Washington and lobbied the French government for support of the colonial army : 

236 French military leader who served general Washington and lobbied the French government for support of the colonial army Marquis de Lafayette Revolution/Constitution

One of the most successful forms of protest against unpopular British policies after the French and Indian War? DO NOT BUY BRITISH GOODS: 

237 One of the most successful forms of protest against unpopular British policies after the French and Indian War? DO NOT BUY BRITISH GOODS Non-importation Agreements Revolution/Constitution

Economic theory of trade stressing that a nation’s economic strength depended on exporting more than it imported. British = triangular trade, Navigation Acts (1651-1673), aimed at fostering British economic dominance. It caused competition and conflict among European powers.: 

238 Economic theory of trade stressing that a nation’s economic strength depended on exporting more than it imported. British = triangular trade, Navigation Acts (1651-1673), aimed at fostering British economic dominance. It caused competition and conflict among European powers. Mercantilism Revolution/Constitution

Fought in North America, (1754-1763) English colonists and soldiers fought the French and their Native American allies for dominance in North America. England’s victory brought England control of much disputed territory and ELIMINATED the French as a threat to English dominance in the Americas. BRTISH POLICY IN COLONIES CHANGED AS A RESULT OF THIS?: 

239 Fought in North America, (1754-1763) English colonists and soldiers fought the French and their Native American allies for dominance in North America. England’s victory brought England control of much disputed territory and ELIMINATED the French as a threat to English dominance in the Americas. BRTISH POLICY IN COLONIES CHANGED AS A RESULT OF THIS? French and Indian War Revolution/Constitution

PASSED UNDER THE MERCANTILIST SYSTEM, THESE (1651-1673) REGULATED TRADE IN ORDER TO BENEFIT THE BRITISH ECONOMY. They restricted trade between England and its colonies to English or colonial ships, required certain colonial goods to pass through England before export, provided subsidies for the production of certain raw goods in the colonies, and banned colonial competition in large scale manufacturing.: 

240 PASSED UNDER THE MERCANTILIST SYSTEM, THESE (1651-1673) REGULATED TRADE IN ORDER TO BENEFIT THE BRITISH ECONOMY. They restricted trade between England and its colonies to English or colonial ships, required certain colonial goods to pass through England before export, provided subsidies for the production of certain raw goods in the colonies, and banned colonial competition in large scale manufacturing. Navigation Acts Revolution/Constitution

PUBLISHED BY JOHN DICKINSON, they denounced the Townshend Duties by demonstrating that many of the arguments employed against the Stamp Act were valid against the Townshend Duties as well. Argued: NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION INSPIRED ANTI-BRITISH SENTIMENT THROUGHOUT THE COLONIES.: 

241 PUBLISHED BY JOHN DICKINSON, they denounced the Townshend Duties by demonstrating that many of the arguments employed against the Stamp Act were valid against the Townshend Duties as well. Argued: NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION INSPIRED ANTI-BRITISH SENTIMENT THROUGHOUT THE COLONIES. Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer Revolution/Constitution

He drafted the Declaration of Independence in 1776. It was based on enlightenment ideas and provided rationale for the American Revolution?: 

242 He drafted the Declaration of Independence in 1776. It was based on enlightenment ideas and provided rationale for the American Revolution? Thomas Jefferson Revolution/Constitution

He proposed the Albany Plan of Union. During the Revolutionary War, he served as an AMBASSADOR TO FRANCE. He was the OLDEST DELEGATE TO THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION and his advice proved crucial in the drafting of the Constitution.: 

243 He proposed the Albany Plan of Union. During the Revolutionary War, he served as an AMBASSADOR TO FRANCE. He was the OLDEST DELEGATE TO THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION and his advice proved crucial in the drafting of the Constitution. Benjamin Franklin Revolution/Constitution

LED BY ALEXANDER HAMILTON, THEY BELIEVED IN A STRONG CENTRAL GOVERNMENT. They were SUPPORTERS OF THE CONSTITUTION during ratification and were a political force during the early years of the United States.: 

244 LED BY ALEXANDER HAMILTON, THEY BELIEVED IN A STRONG CENTRAL GOVERNMENT. They were SUPPORTERS OF THE CONSTITUTION during ratification and were a political force during the early years of the United States. Federalists Revolution/Constitution

Passed in 1766 just after the repeal of the Stamp Act, it STATED THAT PARLIAMENT COULD LEGISLATE FOR THE COLONIES IN ALL CASES. Most colonists interpreted the act as a face-saving mechanism and nothing more. Parliament, however, continually interpreted the act in its broadest sense in order to legislate in and control the colonies.: 

245 Passed in 1766 just after the repeal of the Stamp Act, it STATED THAT PARLIAMENT COULD LEGISLATE FOR THE COLONIES IN ALL CASES. Most colonists interpreted the act as a face-saving mechanism and nothing more. Parliament, however, continually interpreted the act in its broadest sense in order to legislate in and control the colonies. Declaratory Act Revolution/Constitution

In response to the Annapolis Convention’s suggestion, Congress called for the states to send delegates to Philadelphia to AMEND THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION. Delegates came to the this in May 1787, and DRAFTED an entirely NEW FRAMEWORK that would give GREATER POWERS TO THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT.: 

246 In response to the Annapolis Convention’s suggestion, Congress called for the states to send delegates to Philadelphia to AMEND THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION. Delegates came to the this in May 1787, and DRAFTED an entirely NEW FRAMEWORK that would give GREATER POWERS TO THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT. Constitutional Convention Revolution/Constitution

It solved the problem of representation at the Constitutional Convention. VIRGINIA PLAN AND THE NEW JERSEY PLAN FOR DETERMINING LEGISLATIVE REPRESENTATION IN CONGRESS. It established equal representation for all states in the Senate and proportional representation by population in the House of Representatives.: 

247 It solved the problem of representation at the Constitutional Convention. VIRGINIA PLAN AND THE NEW JERSEY PLAN FOR DETERMINING LEGISLATIVE REPRESENTATION IN CONGRESS. It established equal representation for all states in the Senate and proportional representation by population in the House of Representatives. Connecticut or “Great” Compromise Revolution/Constitution

Organized by patriot leader Samuel Adams, was a SYSTEM OF COMMUNICATION between patriot leaders in New England and throughout the colonies. They PROVIDED THE ORGANIZATION NECESSARY TO UNITE THE COLONIES IN OPPOSITION TO PARLIAMENT. They sent delegates to the First Continental Congress. Popular topic was the Gaspee Affair: 

248 Organized by patriot leader Samuel Adams, was a SYSTEM OF COMMUNICATION between patriot leaders in New England and throughout the colonies. They PROVIDED THE ORGANIZATION NECESSARY TO UNITE THE COLONIES IN OPPOSITION TO PARLIAMENT. They sent delegates to the First Continental Congress. Popular topic was the Gaspee Affair Committees of Correspondence Revolution/Constitution

Boston patriots ORGANIZED this TO PROTEST THE 1773 TEA ACT. In December 1773, Samuel Adams warned Boston residents of the consequences of the Tea Act. It led to the Intolerable (or Coercive) Acts .: 

249 Boston patriots ORGANIZED this TO PROTEST THE 1773 TEA ACT. In December 1773, Samuel Adams warned Boston residents of the consequences of the Tea Act. It led to the Intolerable (or Coercive) Acts . Boston Tea Party Revolution/Constitution

Although the Anti-Federalists failed to block the ratification of the Constitution, they did ensure that this would be CREATED TO PROTECT INDIVIDUALS FROM GOVERNMENT INTERFERENCE AND POSSIBLE TYRANNY. Drafted by a group led by James Madison, consisted of the FIRST TEN AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION, which guaranteed the civil rights of American citizens.: 

250 Although the Anti-Federalists failed to block the ratification of the Constitution, they did ensure that this would be CREATED TO PROTECT INDIVIDUALS FROM GOVERNMENT INTERFERENCE AND POSSIBLE TYRANNY. Drafted by a group led by James Madison, consisted of the FIRST TEN AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION, which guaranteed the civil rights of American citizens. Bill of Rights Revolution/Constitution

WHAT: Movement to use reason to solve humanity’s problems WHY: Born out of Scientific Revolution: 

251 WHAT: Movement to use reason to solve humanity’s problems WHY: Born out of Scientific Revolution Enlightenment Revolution/Constitution

WHAT: The shots heard round the world… REDCOATS JOB: To seize gunpowder Arrest John Hancock and Samuel Adams MINUTEMEN (colonial militia): met the redcoats on the village green Shots were fired and the minutemen retreated (8 killed) RETREAT: Redcoats forced to march back to Boston under heavy fire: 

252 WHAT : The shots heard round the world… REDCOATS JOB : To seize gunpowder Arrest John Hancock and Samuel Adams MINUTEMEN (colonial militia): met the redcoats on the village green Shots were fired and the minutemen retreated (8 killed) RETREAT: Redcoats forced to march back to Boston under heavy fire Battles of Lexington and Concord Revolution/Constitution

This American victory in 1777, was the turning point in the American Revolution because it led to aid from the French (and eventually the Spanish and Dutch): 

253 This American victory in 1777, was the turning point in the American Revolution because it led to aid from the French (and eventually the Spanish and Dutch) The Battle of Saratoga Revolution/Constitution

Ways in which the Stamp Act was protested?: 

254 Ways in which the Stamp Act was protested? Stamp Act Congress, Sons and Daughters of Liberty, Virginia Resolves, Non-importation agreements Revolution/Constitution

WHAT: Place where Continental Army faced harsh winter (1777-1778), 2,500 died. Baron von Steuben Drilled Continental Army Whipped them into shape (39-100 lashes) RESULT: Troops more professional Became symbol of American heroism!: 

255 WHAT: Place where Continental Army faced harsh winter (1777-1778), 2,500 died. Baron von Steuben Drilled Continental Army Whipped them into shape (39-100 lashes) RESULT: Troops more professional Became symbol of American heroism! Valley Forge Revolution/Constitution

He published Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer to protest the Townshend Acts helping to inspire anti-British sentiment in the colonies?: 

256 He published Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer to protest the Townshend Acts helping to inspire anti-British sentiment in the colonies? John Dickinson Revolution/Constitution

Former slave, he became a Captain and helped British fight the patriots?: 

257 Former slave, he became a Captain and helped British fight the patriots? Colonel Tye Revolution/Constitution

WHO: James Otis and Samuel Adams, 1768 WHAT: written in Boston and circulated through the colonies urged colonies to petition for repeal of Townshend Acts Parliament threatened to dissolve all colonial legislatures which did not rescind letter. RESULT: more non-importation agreements (boycotts) increased smuggling : 

258 WHO: James Otis and Samuel Adams, 1768 WHAT: written in Boston and circulated through the colonies urged colonies to petition for repeal of Townshend Acts Parliament threatened to dissolve all colonial legislatures which did not rescind letter. RESULT: more non-importation agreements (boycotts) increased smuggling Massachusetts Circular Letter Revolution/Constitution

300 slaves that joined the British to fight against the colonists and gain freedom?: 

259 300 slaves that joined the British to fight against the colonists and gain freedom? Lord Dunmore’s Ethiopian Regiment Revolution/Constitution

He started the Stamp Act Congress, helped write the Massachusetts Circular Letter, and was a leader in the colonial resistance to the British?: 

260 He started the Stamp Act Congress, helped write the Massachusetts Circular Letter, and was a leader in the colonial resistance to the British? James Otis Revolution/Constitution

Whose side did African-Americans tend to join first during the Revolutionary war?: 

261 Whose side did African-Americans tend to join first during the Revolutionary war? The British Revolution/Constitution

British warship enforcing unpopular trade regulations ran aground off of Rhode Island burned by American patriots. Favorite topic of Committees of Correspondence?: 

262 British warship enforcing unpopular trade regulations ran aground off of Rhode Island burned by American patriots. Favorite topic of Committees of Correspondence? Gaspee Revolution/Constitution

Prime Minister who asked parliament to repeal the Townsend Duties. He strongly supported the King and was Prime Minister during the Revolutionary War?: 

263 Prime Minister who asked parliament to repeal the Townsend Duties. He strongly supported the King and was Prime Minister during the Revolutionary War? Lord North Revolution/Constitution

A Mohawk chief and leader of the Iroquois tribes. advocated an alliance with Britain against the colonists in the Revolutionary War. : 

264 A Mohawk chief and leader of the Iroquois tribes. advocated an alliance with Britain against the colonists in the Revolutionary War. Joseph Brant Revolution/Constitution

WHAT: 1774 - Established Roman Catholicism as official religion in Canada French to keep government (did not include a representative assembly or trial by jury in civil cases) Extended settlement boundary to the Ohio river EFFECTS: Protestant colonists mad! Colonists feared their assemblies would be shut down Made land speculators mad by extending “French” area: 

265 WHAT : 1774 - Established Roman Catholicism as official religion in Canada French to keep government (did not include a representative assembly or trial by jury in civil cases) Extended settlement boundary to the Ohio river EFFECTS : Protestant colonists mad! Colonists feared their assemblies would be shut down Made land speculators mad by extending “French” area Quebec Act Revolution/Constitution

1/3rd of colonists who supported the revolution and wanted to create a new nation Most from New England and Virginia: 

266 1/3 rd of colonists who supported the revolution and wanted to create a new nation Most from New England and Virginia Patriots or Whigs Revolution/Constitution

Famous for Virginia Resolves, “Give me liberty or give me death” speech, and was an Anti-federalist (thought federal government was too strong under the Constitution)?: 

267 Famous for Virginia Resolves, “Give me liberty or give me death” speech, and was an Anti-federalist (thought federal government was too strong under the Constitution)? Patrick Henry Revolution/Constitution

Issued on July, 1775 by the Second Continental Congress, it was a final offer of peace to Britain, agreeing to be loyal to the British government if it addressed their grievances? It was denied by King George III: 

268 Issued on July, 1775 by the Second Continental Congress, it was a final offer of peace to Britain, agreeing to be loyal to the British government if it addressed their grievances? It was denied by King George III Olive Branch Petition Revolution/Constitution

This organization was set up under the First Continental Congress in order to enforce non-importation of British goods.: 

269 This organization was set up under the First Continental Congress in order to enforce non-importation of British goods. The Association Revolution/Constitution

He was an Enlightenment philosopher that: Natural rights - life, liberty, and property Govt’s get their power from the people job is to protect rights If gov’t doesn’t do it’s job: GET RID OF IT!: 

270 He was an Enlightenment philosopher that: Natural rights - life, liberty, and property Govt’s get their power from the people job is to protect rights If gov’t doesn’t do it’s job: GET RID OF IT! John Locke Revolution/Constitution

A member of the Second Continental Congress, he was the one who actually formally proposed that the colonists should be FREE of British rule on 6/7/1776? Led to the Declaration of Independence: 

271 A member of the Second Continental Congress, he was the one who actually formally proposed that the colonists should be FREE of British rule on 6/7/1776? Led to the Declaration of Independence Richard Henry Lee Revolution/Constitution

Paul Revere, William Dawes and _____________ helped warn the colonists that the British were coming to Lexington and Concord.: 

272 Paul Revere, William Dawes and _____________ helped warn the colonists that the British were coming to Lexington and Concord. Samuel Prescott Revolution/Constitution

Prussian (German) mercenaries hired by King George III to fight against the colonists during the Revolutionary War?: 

273 Prussian (German) mercenaries hired by King George III to fight against the colonists during the Revolutionary War? Hessians Revolution/Constitution

11775 - Colonists were running low on ammunition “the whites of their eyes” The British won after suffering severe losses Colonists shot 92 officers, 1000 attackers and suffered only 370 casualties! SIGNIFICANCE: Colonists claimed victory b/c of heavy British loses!: 

274 11775 - Colonists were running low on ammunition “the whites of their eyes” The British won after suffering severe losses Colonists shot 92 officers, 1000 attackers and suffered only 370 casualties! SIGNIFICANCE: Colonists claimed victory b/c of heavy British loses! Bunker Hill Revolution/Constitution

WHO: proposed by John Dickinson WHEN: Adopted in 1777 after states gave up western land claims WHAT: First government of USA STRUCTURE: Unicameral legislature POWERS: Wage war, make treaties, borrow money PROBLEMS: Couldn’t regulate trade or collect taxes! 9 out of 13 votes needed to pass laws Unanimous vote to amend (make changes) No power to enforce laws!: 

275 WHO: proposed by John Dickinson WHEN: Adopted in 1777 after states gave up western land claims WHAT: First government of USA STRUCTURE: Unicameral legislature POWERS: Wage war, make treaties, borrow money PROBLEMS: Couldn’t regulate trade or collect taxes! 9 out of 13 votes needed to pass laws Unanimous vote to amend (make changes) No power to enforce laws! Articles of Confederation Revolution/Constitution

What specifically led to the Whisky Rebellion?: 

276 What specifically led to the Whisky Rebellion? Part 4 of Hamilton’s 5 Point Economic Plan – excise taxes

Unpopular treaty signed under Washington in the hopes of settling the growing conflicts between the U.S. and Britain Britain agreed to evacuate Northwest posts Britain agreed to pay for seizures and impressments United States agreed to pay debts owed to British merchants U.S. also accepted the British restrictions on the rights of neutrals. : 

277 Unpopular treaty signed under Washington in the hopes of settling the growing conflicts between the U.S. and Britain Britain agreed to evacuate Northwest posts Britain agreed to pay for seizures and impressments United States agreed to pay debts owed to British merchants U.S. also accepted the British restrictions on the rights of neutrals. Jay’s Treaty, 1794

French diplomat - (1793) asked U.S. to send money and troops to aid the revolutionaries in France. Made Washington mad when he began recruiting men and arming ships in U.S. ports. : 

278 French diplomat - (1793) asked U.S. to send money and troops to aid the revolutionaries in France. Made Washington mad when he began recruiting men and arming ships in U.S. ports. “Citizen” Edmond Charles Genet

When John Adams (Following Washington’s advice) sent negotiators to sign treaty w/ France to stop their challenges to our neutrality, they were bribed, making the country and Adams furious (led to Quasi War): 

279 When John Adams (Following Washington’s advice) sent negotiators to sign treaty w/ France to stop their challenges to our neutrality, they were bribed, making the country and Adams furious (led to Quasi War) X,Y,Z Affair

Provide the 5 points of Hamilton’s Economic Plan: 

280 Provide the 5 points of Hamilton’s Economic Plan All debts paid at face value (funding at par). To help establish credit and get support from the rich! Federal government would assume all of the debts owed by the states. Would tie the states more to the federal government! Excise tax Tariffs – taxes on foreign goods For revenue (money) For protection of new American industry Create a strong National Bank.

She noted in a letter to her husband to “remember the ladies?: 

281 She noted in a letter to her husband to “remember the ladies? Abigail Adams

In response to continued French aggression at sea, John Adams sent a diplomatic envoy to France to negotiate for peace in 1797. Charles de Talleyrand, the FRENCH FOREIGN MINISTER, refused to meet with the U.S. delegation and instead SENT THREE ANONYMOUS TO TRY TO BRIBE THE AMERICANS in exchange for negotiation rights. This widely publicized attempt at extortion AROUSED OUTRAGE AMONG THE AMERICAN PEOPLE.: 

282 In response to continued French aggression at sea, John Adams sent a diplomatic envoy to France to negotiate for peace in 1797. Charles de Talleyrand, the FRENCH FOREIGN MINISTER, refused to meet with the U.S. delegation and instead SENT THREE ANONYMOUS TO TRY TO BRIBE THE AMERICANS in exchange for negotiation rights. This widely publicized attempt at extortion AROUSED OUTRAGE AMONG THE AMERICAN PEOPLE. X,Y,Z affair A New Nation

Under Washington, the __________________ was a serious challenge to the new constitution and showed that the government could be effective and strong.: 

283 Under Washington, the __________________ was a serious challenge to the new constitution and showed that the government could be effective and strong. Whiskey Rebellion

Who said this “We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists”?: 

284 Who said this “We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists”? Thomas Jefferson

Without this treaty in 1795, navigation on the Mississippi River and access to the Spanish held port of New Orleans wouldn’t have been possible (a major achievement during the Washington administration).: 

285 Without this treaty in 1795, navigation on the Mississippi River and access to the Spanish held port of New Orleans wouldn’t have been possible (a major achievement during the Washington administration). Pinckney’s Treaty 1795

Passed under Adams and went against those who opposed the Federalists (i.e. French and Democratic-Republicans) 10 Democratic-Republican Newspaper editors jailed This led to the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions!: 

286 Passed under Adams and went against those who opposed the Federalists (i.e. French and Democratic-Republicans) 10 Democratic-Republican Newspaper editors jailed This led to the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions! Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798

Abigail Adams became rich by being a _________ speculator (think Hamilton’s plan).: 

287 Abigail Adams became rich by being a _________ speculator (think Hamilton’s plan). bond

Provide 3 of the 5 points of Hamilton’s Economic Plan: 

288 Provide 3 of the 5 points of Hamilton’s Economic Plan All debts paid at face value (funding at par). To help establish credit and get support from the rich! Federal government would assume all of the debts owed by the states. Would tie the states more to the federal government! Excise tax Tariffs – taxes on foreign goods For revenue (money) For protection of new American industry Create a strong National Bank.

WHAT: Unofficial war - U.S. Navy vs. French RESULT: Ended with treaty in 1800 French recognized U.S. neutrality U.S. increased trade with France: 

289 WHAT: Unofficial war - U.S. Navy vs. French RESULT: Ended with treaty in 1800 French recognized U.S. neutrality U.S. increased trade with France “Quasi-War” 1798-1800

WHAT: John Adams wanted to keep federalist policies in place so he signed in these new appointees near the end of his term. SIGNIFICANCE: Led to Marbury v. Madison (judicial review): 

290 WHAT: John Adams wanted to keep federalist policies in place so he signed in these new appointees near the end of his term. SIGNIFICANCE: Led to Marbury v. Madison (judicial review) “Midnight” Appointments or judges

They condemned the Federalists’ broad interpretation of the Constitution (Alien and Sedition Acts) and instead argued that states’ rights superseded federal powers. The ARGUMENTS CONCERNING STATES’ RIGHTS AND NULLIFICATION would resurface in the mid-1800s in the political crises involving tariff issues and slavery, issues that led to the Civil War.: 

291 They condemned the Federalists’ broad interpretation of the Constitution (Alien and Sedition Acts) and instead argued that states’ rights superseded federal powers. The ARGUMENTS CONCERNING STATES’ RIGHTS AND NULLIFICATION would resurface in the mid-1800s in the political crises involving tariff issues and slavery, issues that led to the Civil War. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions (1798) A New Nation

sold apple seedlings to people settling the frontier Myths – wandering vagabond who loved nature and was peaceful to Native Americans : 

292 sold apple seedlings to people settling the frontier Myths – wandering vagabond who loved nature and was peaceful to Native Americans Johnny Appleseed (John Chapman)

Washington’s response to the French Revolution (they wanted our help)?: 

293 Washington’s response to the French Revolution (they wanted our help)? Neutrality Proclamation, 1793

Article I, Section VIII, of the Constitution states that Congress shall have the power “TO MAKE ALL LAWS WHICH SHALL BE NECESSARY AND PROPER FOR CARRYING IN EXECUTION…POWERS VESTED BY THIS CONSTITUTION IN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE U.S.” It was a point of contention between those who favored a loose reading of the Constitution and those who favored a strict reading.: 

294 Article I, Section VIII, of the Constitution states that Congress shall have the power “TO MAKE ALL LAWS WHICH SHALL BE NECESSARY AND PROPER FOR CARRYING IN EXECUTION…POWERS VESTED BY THIS CONSTITUTION IN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE U.S.” It was a point of contention between those who favored a loose reading of the Constitution and those who favored a strict reading. Elastic Cause

Alexander Hamilton agreed to help make the national capital in Washington D.C. if Jefferson helped him get support for what?: 

295 Alexander Hamilton agreed to help make the national capital in Washington D.C. if Jefferson helped him get support for what? 1 st National Bank

When the British were encouraging Native American attacks in NW frontier, General “Mad” Anthony Wayne won this battle and the Treaty of Greenville (1795) paved the way for Americans to settle the Ohio Valley region?: 

296 When the British were encouraging Native American attacks in NW frontier, General “Mad” Anthony Wayne won this battle and the Treaty of Greenville (1795) paved the way for Americans to settle the Ohio Valley region? Battle of Fallen Timbers, 1794

Alexander Hamilton and the Federalists favored which interpretation of the Constitution?: 

297 Alexander Hamilton and the Federalists favored which interpretation of the Constitution? loose or broad interpretation

After the Constitution, what set up the court system in the U.S. (under Washington’s presidency)?: 

298 After the Constitution, what set up the court system in the U.S. (under Washington’s presidency)? Judiciary Act of 1789

Passed under Adams and went against those who opposed the Federalists (i.e. French and Democratic-Republicans) 10 Democratic-Republican Newspaper editors jailed This led to the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions!: 

299 Passed under Adams and went against those who opposed the Federalists (i.e. French and Democratic-Republicans) 10 Democratic-Republican Newspaper editors jailed This led to the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions! Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798

Our first government that had a weak central body?: 

300 Our first government that had a weak central body? Articles of Confederation

Pro-British, pro-business, favored strong central government, favored national bank, believed in “loose” or borad interpretation of the Constitution – WHICH political party??: 

301 Pro-British, pro-business, favored strong central government, favored national bank, believed in “loose” or borad interpretation of the Constitution – WHICH political party?? Federalists

British practice of looking for and taking deserters off American ships. It challenged our neutrality. : 

302 British practice of looking for and taking deserters off American ships. It challenged our neutrality. Impressment

What action by Adams and the Federalists led to the drafting of the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutons?: 

303 What action by Adams and the Federalists led to the drafting of the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutons? The Alien and Sedition Acts

Washington’s farewell address in 1796 warned against (4 things): name 2! : 

304 Washington’s farewell address in 1796 warned against (4 things): name 2! Stay out of European affairs Permanent alliances Political parties Avoid sectionalism

Election which led to a “revolution” and the 12th Amendment to the constitution (need year and 3 contenders)?: 

305 Election which led to a “revolution” and the 12 th Amendment to the constitution (need year and 3 contenders)? Election of 1800, Adams, Jefferson, Burr

British practice of looking for and taking deserters off American ships. It challenged our neutrality. : 

306 British practice of looking for and taking deserters off American ships. It challenged our neutrality. Impressment

Jefferson and the Democratic- Republicans favored which interpretation of the Constitution?: 

307 Jefferson and the Democratic- Republicans favored which interpretation of the Constitution? strict or narrow interpretation

Provide 2 of the 5 points of Hamilton’s Economic Plan: 

308 Provide 2 of the 5 points of Hamilton’s Economic Plan All debts paid at face value (funding at par). To help establish credit and get support from the rich! Federal government would assume all of the debts owed by the states. Would tie the states more to the federal government! Excise tax Tariffs – taxes on foreign goods For revenue (money) For protection of new American industry Create a strong National Bank.

Before becoming president, he was a lawyer who defended 9 British soldiers in Boston Massacre?: 

309 Before becoming president, he was a lawyer who defended 9 British soldiers in Boston Massacre? John Adams

Unintended consequence of Eli Whitney’s cotton gin in 1793?: 

310 Unintended consequence of Eli Whitney’s cotton gin in 1793? Slavery expanded

People who advise a president make up the __________.: 

311 People who advise a president make up the __________. cabinet

Pro-French, pro-farmer, favored states’ rights, didn’t agree with the National Bank, were believed in “strict” or narrow interpretation of the Constitution – WHICH political party??: 

312 Pro-French, pro-farmer, favored states’ rights, didn’t agree with the National Bank, were believed in “strict” or narrow interpretation of the Constitution – WHICH political party?? Democratic-Republicans

Hamilton vs. Jefferson Which preferred states rights limited terms for senators, was pro-French, and a strict or “narrow” constructionist? : 

313 Hamilton vs. Jefferson Which preferred states rights limited terms for senators, was pro-French, and a strict or “narrow” constructionist? Thomas Jefferson

SITUATION: U.S. paid tribute to pirates off coast of N. Africa for safe passage of ships in Mediterranean RESPONSE Jefferson sent Navy to deal with pirates: 

314 SITUATION: U.S. paid tribute to pirates off coast of N. Africa for safe passage of ships in Mediterranean RESPONSE Jefferson sent Navy to deal with pirates Barbary or Tripolitan Wars

Written in response to John Adams and the Alien and Sedition Acts, they stated that states should have the right to “nullify” federal legislation that they thought was unconstitutional?: 

315 Written in response to John Adams and the Alien and Sedition Acts, they stated that states should have the right to “nullify” federal legislation that they thought was unconstitutional? Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

The long list of landmark Supreme Court Cases John Marshall presided over tended to favor ____________over__________power.: 

316 The long list of landmark Supreme Court Cases John Marshall presided over tended to favor ____________over__________power. Federal over state power!

In 1807, a British Ship fired on American ship (21 casualties) The public wanted war, but Jefferson remembered Washington’s warning, wanted to stay neutral! RESULT: Jefferson passed the Embargo Act of 1807: 

317 In 1807, a British Ship fired on American ship (21 casualties) The public wanted war, but Jefferson remembered Washington’s warning, wanted to stay neutral! RESULT: Jefferson passed the Embargo Act of 1807 Chesapeake-Leopard Incident

This event led to a fear that we needed a federal government that was stronger than what the Articles of Confederation supplied?: 

318 This event led to a fear that we needed a federal government that was stronger than what the Articles of Confederation supplied? Shays Rebellion, 1786

In this case, Chief Justice John Marshall (Federalist) declared pt. of the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional It established “Judicial Review” (Supreme Court can void an act of congress if it violates the Constitution!): 

319 In this case, Chief Justice John Marshall (Federalist) declared pt. of the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional It established “Judicial Review” (Supreme Court can void an act of congress if it violates the Constitution!) Marbury v. Madison, 1803

It is believed that Jefferson fathered children with her (not his wife)?: 

320 It is believed that Jefferson fathered children with her (not his wife)? Sally Hemmings

WHAT: John Adams wanted to keep federalist policies in place so he signed in these new appointees near the end of his term. SIGNIFICANCE: Led to Marbury v. Madison (judicial review): 

321 WHAT: John Adams wanted to keep federalist policies in place so he signed in these new appointees near the end of his term. SIGNIFICANCE: Led to Marbury v. Madison (judicial review) “Midnight” Appointments or judges

Who said this “We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists”?: 

322 Who said this “We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists”? Thomas Jefferson

Created separate voting for pres. and vice pres - added in 1804 to prevent trouble (think Election 1800) A candidate would also need a majority of the electoral votes to win (if not it was to be decided in the House of Representatives)?: 

323 Created separate voting for pres. and vice pres - added in 1804 to prevent trouble (think Election 1800) A candidate would also need a majority of the electoral votes to win (if not it was to be decided in the House of Representatives)? 12th Amendment

Hamilton vs. Jefferson Which preferred states rights limited terms for senators, was pro-French, and a strict or “narrow” constructionist? : 

324 Hamilton vs. Jefferson Which preferred states rights limited terms for senators, was pro-French, and a strict or “narrow” constructionist? Thomas Jefferson

doubled size of U.S. (gained 828,000 square miles); 4 cents an acre brought up strict v. loose construction argument : 

325 doubled size of U.S. (gained 828,000 square miles); 4 cents an acre brought up strict v. loose construction argument Louisiana Purchase, 1804

Alexander Hamilton agreed to help make the national capital in Washington D.C. if Jefferson helped him get support for what?: 

326 Alexander Hamilton agreed to help make the national capital in Washington D.C. if Jefferson helped him get support for what? 1 st National Bank

He killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel and was eventually acquitted of treason for planning to join mercenaries and take over the southern Louisiana Territory to eventually secede from the union Gov. James Wilkinson had informed Jefferson leading to his arrest? : 

327 He killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel and was eventually acquitted of treason for planning to join mercenaries and take over the southern Louisiana Territory to eventually secede from the union Gov. James Wilkinson had informed Jefferson leading to his arrest? Aaron Burr

became a hero by destroying a captured American ship (Philadelphia) to keep it out of pirate hands during the Barbary Wars?: 

328 became a hero by destroying a captured American ship ( Philadelphia ) to keep it out of pirate hands during the Barbary Wars? Stephen Decatur

WHAT: Jefferson issued it- NO TRADE WITH EUROPE…period! WHY: He wanted to force the British and French to respect American neutrality. RESULT: DISASTER – farmers suffered, jobs in the shipping industry lost, businesses took huge hits! Unintended consequence – American industry grew (no goods from Europe so we had to make them!) Repealed just before Jefferson left office, in 1809: 

329 WHAT: Jefferson issued it- NO TRADE WITH EUROPE…period! WHY: He wanted to force the British and French to respect American neutrality. RESULT: DISASTER – farmers suffered, jobs in the shipping industry lost, businesses took huge hits! Unintended consequence – American industry grew (no goods from Europe so we had to make them!) Repealed just before Jefferson left office, in 1809 Embargo Act, 1807

British practice of looking for and taking deserters off American ships. It challenged our neutrality. : 

330 British practice of looking for and taking deserters off American ships. It challenged our neutrality. Impressment

PROBLEM: Jefferson disagreed with his rulings and had him impeached for publicly criticizing the Jefferson administration SIGNIFICANCE: Only attempt in history to impeach a U.S. Supreme Court Justice. Set precedent…(it just doesn’t happen): 

331 PROBLEM: Jefferson disagreed with his rulings and had him impeached for publicly criticizing the Jefferson administration SIGNIFICANCE: Only attempt in history to impeach a U.S. Supreme Court Justice. Set precedent…(it just doesn’t happen) Samuel Chase

He made government smaller, less involved; reduced size of military and reviewed government spending (cutting debt by ½! with his Secretary of Treasury Albert Gallatin : 

332 He made government smaller, less involved; reduced size of military and reviewed government spending (cutting debt by ½! with his Secretary of Treasury Albert Gallatin Thomas Jefferson

This group picked presidential candidates until the 1828 election?: 

333 This group picked presidential candidates until the 1828 election? Congressional caucus

16 year old, Shoshone helped communicate with tribes suspicious of Lewis and Clark: 

334 16 year old, Shoshone helped communicate with tribes suspicious of Lewis and Clark Sacajawea

He explored the Louisiana Territory and also spied on Spanish while exploring!: 

335 He explored the Louisiana Territory and also spied on Spanish while exploring! Zebulon Pike

He explored middle of Louisiana Purchase region, called it a “Great American Desert” : 

336 He explored middle of Louisiana Purchase region, called it a “Great American Desert” Major Stephen Long