US History 1st Sem FINAL Review Game 2011-2012

1st Semester FINAL EXAM : 

1 st Semester FINAL EXAM Review Game U.S. History

Name for people who moved WEST, plowed, and farmed the Great Plains? HINT – Think about their houses!: 

2 Name for people who moved WEST, plowed, and farmed the Great Plains? HINT – Think about their houses! Sod Busters

Why did people move WEST after the Civil War? Provide at least 2 reasons…: 

3 Why did people move WEST after the Civil War? Provide at least 2 reasons… GET RICH - Demand for minerals rose! New opportunities (especially immigrants and Exodusters) Cheap land from the government Homestead Act, 1862 Government land grants Government wanted west the settled Manifest destiny

public land available for settlement: 

4 public land available for settlement homestead

List 3 major improvements in technology which helped farmers who moved west after the Civil War.: 

5 List 3 major improvements in technology which helped farmers who moved west after the Civil War. Dry farming, steel plow, mechanical reaper, barbed wire,

Mining changed from placer and sluice mining to __________: 

6 Mining changed from placer and sluice mining to __________ hydraulic mining

Name for large farms on the Great Plains that made huge profits! Usually WHEAT FARMS! They turned into big businesses?: 

7 Name for large farms on the Great Plains that made huge profits! Usually WHEAT FARMS! They turned into big businesses? Bonanza Farms

WHAT: Discovery of one of the largest silver deposits in the world ($230 million) in Virginia City, Nevada. RESULT: Encouraged people to move to Nevada! : 

8 WHAT: Discovery of one of the largest silver deposits in the world ($230 million) in Virginia City, Nevada. RESULT: Encouraged people to move to Nevada! Comstock Lode

WHAT Fights over land (open range) between farmers and ranchers RESULTS: Over time long drives ended and big-business ranches developed! : 

9 WHAT Fights over land (open range) between farmers and ranchers RESULTS: Over time long drives ended and big-business ranches developed! Range Wars

Major Indian victory Sioux led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse 7th Cavalry led by general George A. Custer Called “Custer's last stand” RESULT: Over 200 men from seventh cavalry killed: 

10 Major Indian victory Sioux led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse 7 th Cavalry led by general George A. Custer Called “Custer's last stand” RESULT: Over 200 men from seventh cavalry killed Battle of the Little Big Horn, 1876

These groups took part in the Oklahoma land rush (1889)! ___________ waited for the signal during the Oklahoma rush and ___________ jumped the gun. : 

11 These groups took part in the Oklahoma land rush (1889)! ___________ waited for the signal during the Oklahoma rush and ___________ jumped the gun. Boomers/Sooners

WHAT: They grew up over night in the west providing: restaurants, laundries, hotels for miners EXAMPLE – Virginia City, Nevada: 

12 WHAT: They grew up over night in the west providing: restaurants, laundries, hotels for miners EXAMPLE – Virginia City, Nevada boomtowns

Government program that sold land to settlers for $10 fee -160 acres (1/4 mile square) -Must be 21 years of age and head of household -Must be American citizens or immigrants filed for citizenship -Must farm land for 5 years EFFECT: More people moved WEST!: 

13 Government program that sold land to settlers for $10 fee -160 acres (1/4 mile square) -Must be 21 years of age and head of household -Must be American citizens or immigrants filed for citizenship -Must farm land for 5 years EFFECT: More people moved WEST! Homestead Act, 1862

The movement of cattle by cowboys to railheads for shipment to eastern markets? Texas to Kansas Kansas to stockyards in Chicago In the stockyards they were slaughtered and their meat was packaged for shipment to consumers in the east: 

14 The movement of cattle by cowboys to railheads for shipment to eastern markets? Texas to Kansas Kansas to stockyards in Chicago In the stockyards they were slaughtered and their meat was packaged for shipment to consumers in the east Long Drive

Last major armed conflict between the Great Sioux Nation and the United States Later described as a "massacre" in a letter to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs: 

15 Last major armed conflict between the Great Sioux Nation and the United States Later described as a "massacre" in a letter to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs Battle of Wounded Knee, 1890

Because of a lack of water, farmers used innovative ways to get their crops to grow. WHAT WERE THEY CALLED? An example of these methods would be to plant drought resistant seeds deeper so that they were closer to the moisture in the ground!: 

16 Because of a lack of water, farmers used innovative ways to get their crops to grow. WHAT WERE THEY CALLED? An example of these methods would be to plant drought resistant seeds deeper so that they were closer to the moisture in the ground! dry farming techniques

PowerPoint Presentation: 

17 Corn Belt

Best known leader of the Nez Perce (Pacific Northwest) a humanitarian and peacemaker famous for resistance to against American encroachments on their land KEY: Didn’t want to be moved to a reservation in Idaho… Tried to flee to Canada!: 

18 Best known leader of the Nez Perce (Pacific Northwest) a humanitarian and peacemaker famous for resistance to against American encroachments on their land KEY: Didn’t want to be moved to a reservation in Idaho… Tried to flee to Canada! Chief Joseph

huge Spanish ranches in the southwest owned by the rich!: 

19 huge Spanish ranches in the southwest owned by the rich! haciendas

Method used by miners in which they sprayed high pressure water to wash away dirt and rocks to expose the minerals: 

20 Method used by miners in which they sprayed high pressure water to wash away dirt and rocks to expose the minerals hydraulic mining

Vast area of grassland owned by the government in the west. Provided free grazing land for cattle herds: 

21 Vast area of grassland owned by the government in the west. Provided free grazing land for cattle herds Open Range

He (an explorer) labeled called this region the “GREAT AMERICAN DESERT” in 1819? CHANGE: By the late 1800s, this region was called the “Bread Basket” of America! : 

22 He (an explorer) labeled called this region the “GREAT AMERICAN DESERT” in 1819? CHANGE: By the late 1800s, this region was called the “Bread Basket” of America! Major Stephen Long

Boomtowns became ___________ when the mineral deposits of gold and silver were all gone!: 

23 Boomtowns became ___________ when the mineral deposits of gold and silver were all gone! ghost towns

WHAT: By 1890, there was technically no frontier left! HE ARGUED that the frontier had been like a “safety-valve” for population in the EAST. It shaped American Character -rugged -individualistic -adventurous -democratic: 

24 WHAT: By 1890, there was technically no frontier left! HE ARGUED that the frontier had been like a “safety-valve” for population in the EAST. It shaped American Character -rugged -individualistic -adventurous -democratic Frederick Jackson Turner

Volunteers in many of the western boomtowns who took the law into their own hands!: 

25 Volunteers in many of the western boomtowns who took the law into their own hands! VIGILANCE COMMITTEES

Mining changed from placer and sluice mining to __________: 

26 Mining changed from placer and sluice mining to __________ hydraulic mining

Major invention of Joseph Glidden that changed the west by helping farmers fence off their land. It was one of the reasons the long drives ended!: 

27 Major invention of Joseph Glidden that changed the west by helping farmers fence off their land. It was one of the reasons the long drives ended! Barbed-Wire

Spanish-speaking neighborhoods that developed in many southwestern cities: 

28 Spanish-speaking neighborhoods that developed in many southwestern cities barrios

_______________ published “A Century of Dishonor” 1881 detailing the federal government’s bad record in dealing with the Indians EFFECT: created a certain amount of sympathy for the plight of the Indians: 

29 _______________ published “ A Century of Dishonor ” 1881 detailing the federal government’s bad record in dealing with the Indians EFFECT : created a certain amount of sympathy for the plight of the Indians Helen Hunt Jackson

people who move from place to place! EXAMPLE – Great Plains Indians (relied on the buffalo): 

30 people who move from place to place! EXAMPLE – Great Plains Indians (relied on the buffalo) nomads

GOAL: The goal was to assimilate Native Americans into white culture quickly WHAT: outlawed tribal ownership of land forced 160-acre homesteads into the hands of individual Indians and their families the promise of future citizenship (after 25 years) RESULTS: stripped tribes of their land FAILED to incorporate Native Americans into U.S. society : 

31 GOAL: The goal was to assimilate Native Americans into white culture quickly WHAT: outlawed tribal ownership of land forced 160-acre homesteads into the hands of individual Indians and their families the promise of future citizenship (after 25 years) RESULTS: stripped tribes of their land FAILED to incorporate Native Americans into U.S. society Dawes Act, 1887

WHAT: The concept that the nation was meant (by god) to spread west to the Pacific. SIGNIFICANCE: People moved West! WHY: California Gold Rush, 1849 First coined by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan in 1845.: 

32 WHAT: The concept that the nation was meant (by god) to spread west to the Pacific. SIGNIFICANCE: People moved West! WHY: California Gold Rush, 1849 First coined by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan in 1845. Manifest Destiny

Colonel J.M. Chivington’s militia massacred some 600 Indians. The Indians thought that they were going to negotiate a peace treaty. Women were shot while praying, children were killed, and braves were tortured and mutilated: 

33 Colonel J.M. Chivington’s militia massacred some 600 Indians. The Indians thought that they were going to negotiate a peace treaty. Women were shot while praying, children were killed, and braves were tortured and mutilated Sand Creek Massacre, 1864

Gold was discovered in Sutter’s Mill in 1848 and it set off this wave of migration to the West as people went to strike it rich : 

34 Gold was discovered in Sutter’s Mill in 1848 and it set off this wave of migration to the West as people went to strike it rich California Gold Rush

PowerPoint Presentation: 

35 Wheat Belt

More people moved here after the Civil War and the Homestead Act (1862). It was originally called the “GREAT AMERICAN DESERT” by Major Stephen Long (an explorer) CHANGE: By the late 1800s, it was called the “Bread Basket” of America!: 

36 More people moved here after the Civil War and the Homestead Act (1862). It was originally called the “GREAT AMERICAN DESERT” by Major Stephen Long (an explorer) CHANGE: By the late 1800s, it was called the “Bread Basket” of America! The Great Plains

PowerPoint Presentation: 

37 Cotton Belt

The Great Plains became both the “Bread Basket” of America and it is where the ________ Belt is found?: 

38 The Great Plains became both the “Bread Basket” of America and it is where the ________ Belt is found? Wheat (Belt)

Name for African American cavalry soldiers 9th and 10th U.S. Cavalry: 

39 Name for African American cavalry soldiers 9th and 10th U.S. Cavalry Buffalo Soldiers

List at least one change that occurred after the Civil War in the WEST (last chapter!): 

40 List at least one change that occurred after the Civil War in the WEST (last chapter!) Technology increased, mining, ranching, farming, people moved west, Native American’s forced on reservations

Type of Consolidation/integration? one company allies itself with other companies in the same industry to control that industry: 

41 Type of Consolidation/integration? one company allies itself with other companies in the same industry to control that industry Horizontal consolidation/integration

When one company controls an entire industry?: 

42 When one company controls an entire industry? MONOPOLY

business organization meant to control act like a monopoly One company controls the stock of a majority of other companies in the same industry That one company then makes all decisions for that industry: 

43 business organization meant to control act like a monopoly One company controls the stock of a majority of other companies in the same industry That one company then makes all decisions for that industry TRUSTS

WHAT: a form of business which does not create anything itself WHAT DOES IT DO: it owns stock of companies that do produce goods EXAMPLE: GE OWNS - RCA, NBC, MSNBC, Universal Pictures and Studios : 

44 WHAT: a form of business which does not create anything itself WHAT DOES IT DO: it owns stock of companies that do produce goods EXAMPLE: GE OWNS - RCA, NBC, MSNBC, Universal Pictures and Studios Holding Company

Name some use for the following?... Built their fortunes by stealing from the public Drained natural resources, Abused and mistreated workers Rockefeller, Vanderbilt, Carnegie, etc : 

45 Name some use for the following?... Built their fortunes by stealing from the public Drained natural resources, Abused and mistreated workers Rockefeller, Vanderbilt, Carnegie, etc ROBBER BARONS

combined all phases of manufacturing a product from start to finish mine the ore, ship the ore in his ships, deliver the ore on his railroads, turn the iron ore into steel EXAMPLE – Carnegie Steel : 

46 combined all phases of manufacturing a product from start to finish mine the ore, ship the ore in his ships, deliver the ore on his railroads, turn the iron ore into steel EXAMPLE – Carnegie Steel Vertical consolidation/integration

WHAT: organization of workers seeking to improve their wages, working conditions, and benefits? : 

47 WHAT: organization of workers seeking to improve their wages, working conditions, and benefits? Unions

WHAT: Trust He formed an oil trust when smaller oil companies turned over their stock to the board of directors of Standard Oil Business Model: Horizontal consolidation one company allies itself with other companies in the same industry to control that industry LATER LIFE: Became a philanthropist : 

48 WHAT: Trust He formed an oil trust when smaller oil companies turned over their stock to the board of directors of Standard Oil Business Model: Horizontal consolidation one company allies itself with other companies in the same industry to control that industry LATER LIFE: Became a philanthropist John D. Rockefeller

A group of independent producers whose goal it is to fix prices, to limit supply and to limit competition?: 

49 A group of independent producers whose goal it is to fix prices, to limit supply and to limit competition? CARTELS

WHAT: Chemical monopoly that controlled…Explosives, Gun powder, Dynamite: 

50 WHAT: Chemical monopoly that controlled…Explosives, Gun powder, Dynamite DUPONT CHEMICALS

Poor boy from Scotland, made a $1.20 a week Largest steel maker, produced ¼ of nations steel, Company brought in $40 million a year, he got 25 million! Business model: - Vertical consolidation LATER LIFE: became a philanthropist and gave millions of dollars away Sold his company to J.P. Morgan in 1900 for $400 million Gospel of Wealth Libraries (over 2,500) : 

51 Poor boy from Scotland, made a $1.20 a week Largest steel maker, produced ¼ of nations steel, Company brought in $40 million a year, he got 25 million! Business model: - Vertical consolidation LATER LIFE: became a philanthropist and gave millions of dollars away Sold his company to J.P. Morgan in 1900 for $400 million Gospel of Wealth Libraries (over 2,500) Andrew Carnegie

Name the big business… George Pullman?: 

52 Name the big business… George Pullman? Pullman sleeping car for railroads

List at least 2 tactics used against unions? : 

53 List at least 2 tactics used against unions? Scabs Lockouts Blacklists Yellow dog contracts Pinkertons Court injunctions

(1886) Labor violence in Chicago over McCormick Harvester plant, a bomb killed 7 police officers RESULT: Knights of Labor blamed and lost membership: 

54 (1886) Labor violence in Chicago over McCormick Harvester plant, a bomb killed 7 police officers RESULT: Knights of Labor blamed and lost membership  Haymarket Square Incident

1877… It was caused by a wage cut and it shut down 2/3 of railroads, Rutherford B. Hayes sent in federal troops to end the strike resulting in over 100 dead?: 

55 1877… It was caused by a wage cut and it shut down 2/3 of railroads, Rutherford B. Hayes sent in federal troops to end the strike resulting in over 100 dead? Great Railroad Strike (1877)

Name the big business… Milton Hershey?: 

56 Name the big business… Milton Hershey? Chocolate

What were working conditions like for workers in the late 1800s? Provide 2 examples…: 

57 What were working conditions like for workers in the late 1800s? Provide 2 examples… PROBLEMS: Terrible conditions long hours, low pay, dangerous working conditions, few safety mechanisms, no health care or benefit

Led by Samuel Gompers skilled workers only wanted higher wages and improved working conditions used strikes, collective bargaining, and closed shops (Businesses who could only employ unionized labor) : 

58 Led by Samuel Gompers skilled workers only wanted higher wages and improved working conditions used strikes, collective bargaining, and closed shops (Businesses who could only employ unionized labor) American Federation of Labor (1886)

WHAT: Supreme Court case that backed the use of court injunctions against strikes! Think Eugene…? : 

59 WHAT: Supreme Court case that backed the use of court injunctions against strikes! Think Eugene…? In re (in regards to) Debs (1895)

A share of ownership in a business?: 

60 A share of ownership in a business? Stock

Carnegie Steel plant near Pittsburgh Henry Frick (manager) cut wages by 20 percent in 1892. Frick used lockout, Pinkertons, and scabs to break the strike, major setback for union movement?: 

61 Carnegie Steel plant near Pittsburgh Henry Frick (manager) cut wages by 20 percent in 1892. Frick used lockout, Pinkertons, and scabs to break the strike, major setback for union movement? Homestead Strike (1892)

Name some use for the following?... Helped make the country better Built businesses, Provided jobs, Founded museums and universities Rockefeller, Vanderbilt, Carnegie, etc : 

62 Name some use for the following?... Helped make the country better Built businesses, Provided jobs, Founded museums and universities Rockefeller, Vanderbilt, Carnegie, etc CAPTAINS OF INDUSTRY

– hurt consumers! An agreement to divide the business in a given area and share the profits? Rail lines would not waste money competing against one another so they could concentrate on other areas : 

63 – hurt consumers! An agreement to divide the business in a given area and share the profits? Rail lines would not waste money competing against one another so they could concentrate on other areas POOL

Practice of members of corporate board of directors serving on the boards of multiple corporations. : 

64 Practice of members of corporate board of directors serving on the boards of multiple corporations. INTERLOCKING DIRECTORATES

1894 wage cuts and firing of workers who attempted to bargain workers went on strike, and railroad owners linked ____________ Palace cars to mail trains It was ended by a federal court injunction!: 

65 1894 wage cuts and firing of workers who attempted to bargain workers went on strike, and railroad owners linked ____________ Palace cars to mail trains It was ended by a federal court injunction! Pullman Strike (1894)

Name the big business… Gustavus F. Swift and Philip Armour? : 

66 Name the big business… Gustavus F. Swift and Philip Armour? meat packing/processing

He was head of American Railway Union and imprisoned for 6 months for the Pullman Strike (he turned to socialism)?: 

67 He was head of American Railway Union and imprisoned for 6 months for the Pullman Strike (he turned to socialism)? Eugene V. Debs

WHAT: business owned by many investors (stockholders) who buy shares of stock and risk only the amount of their investment. WHY: Businesses are expensive to start and maintain! Reduce the potential loss if a business fails!: 

68 WHAT: business owned by many investors (stockholders) who buy shares of stock and risk only the amount of their investment. WHY: Businesses are expensive to start and maintain! Reduce the potential loss if a business fails! Corporations

A new process to make steel removed impurities from iron by shooting hot air through it! lighter, stronger, cheaper steel! It mass production possible : 

69 A new process to make steel removed impurities from iron by shooting hot air through it! lighter, stronger, cheaper steel! It mass production possible Bessemer Process

WHAT: wealthy Wall Street banker purchased Andrew Carnegie’s steel company for nearly $400 million used it to form the U.S. Steel Corporation in 1901. First billion dollar corporation (1.4 billion) : 

70 WHAT: wealthy Wall Street banker purchased Andrew Carnegie’s steel company for nearly $400 million used it to form the U.S. Steel Corporation in 1901. First billion dollar corporation (1.4 billion) J. P. Morgan

Name the big business… Cyrus McCormick ?: 

71 Name the big business… Cyrus McCormick ? mechanical reapers

Led by Terence Powderly Included African Americans and women Used boycotts and arbitration (negotiating with help): 

72 Led by Terence Powderly Included African Americans and women Used boycotts and arbitration (negotiating with help) Knights of Labor (1869)