Slide 1: NEW DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS Dr M.BHEEMESH PG IN PHARMACOLOGY GUNTUR MEDICAL COLLEGE
Slide 2: INTRODUCING A NEW DRUG TO MARKET COSTS AN AVERAGE US$ 897 MILLLON/4485 CRORES PROCESS FOR APPROVAL MAY TAKE UP TO 15 YEARS
Slide 3: SO ALREADY EXISTING TIME TESTED DRUGS ARE EFFECTIVELY USED BY INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACHES TO INCREASE THERE EFFICACY
Slide 4: ADVANTAGES: INCREASE DRUG BIO AVAILABULITY IN REQUIRED ZONE PREVENT/MINIMISE HARMFULL SIDE EFFECTS MINIMISE DRUG DEGRADATION AND LOSS
Slide 5: 1.ENTERAL ROUTES: ORAL, SUB LINGUAL,RECTAL 2.PARENTERAL ROUTES: I.V,I.M,INRADERMAL,SUB CUTANEOUS,INHALATIONAL 3.TOPICAL ROUTES: TRANSDERMAL,CONJUNCTIVAL, VAGINAL AND URETHRAL
Slide 6: MATRIX TABLET
Slide 7: DRUG IS IN CORPORATED IN A LATTICE or INERT MESHWORK Matrix tablet ADVANTAGE: SINGLE DAILY SUSTAINED RELEASE OF THE DRUG
Slide 8: PRODRUG INACTIVE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AFTER ADMINISTRATION UNDERGOES BIOTRANSFORMATION TO PHARMACOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS
Slide 10: TRANS DERMAL DRUG DELIVERY
Slide 11: TRANS DERMAL DRUG DELIVERY THESE ARE ADHESIVE PATCHES CONTAINING DRUG WHICH PASSIVELY DIFFUSES THROUGH THE SKIN CURRENTLY USED DRUGS ARE: NITROGLYCERINE, CONTRACEPTIVES etc
Slide 12: ADVANTAGES CONTINUOUS DRUG DELIVERY NO PAIN NO MISSING OF DOSE DIS-ADVANTAGES DRUG DELIVERY IS PASSIVE LARGE MOLECULAR WEIGHT DRUGS ARE NOT DELIVERED
Slide 13: Newer ` ACTIVE ’ technologies in Transdermal drug delivery 1,IONTOPORESIS 2,LASER ASSISTED TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY
Slide 14: IONTOPORESIS
Slide 15: ADVANTAGE: DRUG DELIVERED CAN BE MEASURED DIS ADVANTAGE : CAN`T DELIVER LARGE MOLECULAR WEIGHT DRUGS
Slide 16: LASER ASSISTED TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY
PORES ARE MADE ON SKIN USING LASER : PORES ARE MADE ON SKIN USING LASER
LARGE MOLECULAR WEIGHT DRUGS CAN BE DELIVERED THROUGH SKIN PERFORATIONS: LARGE MOLECULAR WEIGHT DRUGS CAN BE DELIVERED THROUGH SKIN PERFORATIONS
Slide 19: MICRO ELECTRICAL MECHANICAL SYSTEM [MEMS] SYRINGE FREEZE - DRIED DRUG STORED IN ITS SILICON RUBBER RESERVOIR
Slide 20: ADVANTAGES LESS PAIN NO NERVE DAMAGE NO INJECTION ABSCESS DIS ADVANTAGES HIGH COST
Slide 21: PEN JET
Slide 22: IT’S A NEW METHOD OF DELIVERING DRUG IN TO SUBCUTANEOUS PLANE MECHANISM: USING COMPRESSED GAS DRUG IS FORCED TO PASS THROUGH THE SKIN. ADV:1 NON-INVASIVE 2, POWDERS AND LIQUIDS CAN BE USED
Slide 23: NASAL DRUG DELIVERY LOCAL: ANTIHISTAMINICS SYSTEMIC:DESMOPRESSIN FOR DIABETES INSIPIDUS NASOCOBALAMINE FOR PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
Slide 24: Site of drug spray & absorption
Slide 25: ADVANTAGES By passes liver first pass metabolism
Slide 26: POLYMER DELIVERY SYSTEM DRUG IS ENTRAPED IN SOLID POLYMER LIKE SILICONE RUBBER WHICH IS IMPLANTED or INJECTED IN BODY E.g.: norplant progestasert
Slide 27: NORPLANT LEVONORGESTROL SUBDERMALLY IMPLANTED PROVIDES CONTRACEPTIVE PROTECTION FOR 5 Years
Slide 28: PROGESTASERT INTRA UTERINE CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICE CONTROL RELEASE OF PROGESTERONE FOR A YEAR
Slide 29: ADVANTAGES NO MISSING OF DOSE DIS ADVANTAGES ECTOPIC PREGNANCY CHANCE OF P.I.D
Slide 30: OCUSERT PLACED UNDER THE EYELID DELIVERS A STEADY FLOW ROUND THE CLOCK FOR 7 Days P ILOCARPINE
Slide 31: DIS ADVANTAGE: LIMITED SUCCESS DUE TO HIGH IRRITATION AND COMPLICATED APPLICATION
Slide 32: DRUG-ELUTING STENTS A METALLIC DEVICE CONTAINS A DRUG GRADUALLY RELEASED OVER 14-30 DAYS DRUGES USED: SIROLIMUS PACLITAXEL
Slide 33: SIROLIMUS HELPS IN PREVENTING RE -STENOSIS
Slide 34: TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYETEM 1 ,LIPOSOMES 2 ,MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES 3 ,NANO TECHNOLOGY MEDIATED DRUG DELIVERY
Slide 35: LIPOSOMES LIPOSOMES ARE A FORM OF VESICLES -Dr ALEC D BANGHAM LIPOS-FAT, SOME-BODIES
Slide 44: Multi vesicular liposome
Slide 47: STEALTH LIPOSOME
Slide 49: DRUGS DELIVERED THROUGH LIPOSOMES: AMPHOTERICIN B DAUNORUBICIN DOXORUBICIN
Slide 50: MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES [M A B] Also known as MAGIC BULLET GOT NOBEL PRIZE IN 1984 INVENTED BY KOHLER and MILSTEIN IN 1975
Slide 51: MABs ARE A CLASS OF HIGHLY SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES PRODUCED BY THE CLONES OF A SINGLE HYBRID CELL FORMED IN THE LABORATORY BY THE FUSION OF B-LYMPHOCYTES WITH A TUMOUR CELL. Definition:
Slide 53: MABs ARE PRODUCED 1]IN ANIMALS 2] IN CELL-CULTURE 3]BATCH TISSUE-CULTURE METHODS 4]BY IN VITRO TECHNIQUES IN VITRO TECHNIQUES ARE USED IN MORE THAN 90% OF CASES
Slide 54: MABs ARE CLASSIFIED INTO GENERATIONS AS PER THEIR EVOLUTION AND IMMUNOGENICITY FIRST GENERATION MABs:DEVELOPED FROM MURINE,RABBIT, RATS. DISADVANTAGES : Abs TO THESE FOREIGN ANTIGENS HAMA-HUMAN ANTI-MOUSE ANTIBODIES HARA-HUMAN ANTI-RABBIT ANTIBODIES
Slide 55: 2] SECOND GENERATION Mabs RECOMBINANT DNA technology [OR] GENETIC ENGINEERING is used to construct hybrids composed of human anti body regions linked with primate or murine back bone.
Slide 56: 1,FIRST GENERATION Abs 2,SECOND GENERATION Abs MONOCLONAL ANTI BODIES 1,chimeric Abs e.g : infliximab,rituximab 2,humanised Abs e.g:daclizumab,trastuzumab 3,primatized Abs 4,genetically engineered Abs e.g. ALEMTUZUMAB
Slide 57: MECHANISM OF TRASTUZUMAB ACTION
Slide 73: DIS ADVANTAGES 1] COST IS VERY HIGH 2] PHARMACO VIGILANCE STUDIES REVEALED THAT RITUXIMAB IS CAUSING PROGRESSIVE MYELOENCEPHALOPATHY.
Slide 74: NANO TECHNOLOGY The study and manufacture of devices of molecular dimensions, in the range of nanometers or one-billionth of a meter Definition:
Slide 75: Diagnostic - Imaging - Quantum dots - Microscopic sampling APPLICATIONS OF NANO TECHNOLOGY Therapeutic Delivering medication to the exact location Treatment of cancer Repair of damaged tissues
Slide 76: TREATMENT OF CANCER WITH MAGNETIC NANO PARTICLES NANO PARTICLE OF SIZE 20 nm
Slide 77: 500 times smaller than R.B.C cell
Slide 78: 1 ml OF NANO SOLUTION CONTAINS 1TRILLION NANO PARTICLES
Slide 79: GLIO BLASTOMA
Slide 84: ALTERNATIVE MAGNETIC FIELD 1000/SEC
Slide 89: FUTURE TRENDS
Slide 90: “A microscopic machine roaming through the bloodstream, injecting or taking samples for identification and determining the concentrations of different compounds"
Slide 91: Mechanical drilling of a small tumor mass by a nanorobot
Slide 92: Four remote-controlled nanorobots examine and clean the subocclusal surfaces of a patient's teeth, near the gumline. Dental Robots
Slide 93: Medical nanodevices could augment the immune system by finding and disabling unwanted bacteria and viruses.
Slide 94: A NANOROBOT NIBBLING ON AN ATHEROSCLEROTIC DEPOSIT IN A BLOOD VESSEL
Slide 95: VIRUS FINDER
Slide 96: CLOT-INDUCING MEDICAL NANOROBOTS ARE SHOWN IN VARIOUS STAGES OF CLOT-NETTING DEPLOYMENT.
Slide 97: AN ARRAY OF NINE CLOT-INDUCING MEDICAL NANOROBOTS ARE SHOWN WITH THEIR CLOT-NETTING FULLY DEPLOYED AND INTERLACED.
Slide 98: MEDICAL NANOROBOTS WITH FULLY DEPLOYED NETTING ARE SHOWN EMBEDDED IN A PATCHLIKE GROWING CLOT WITH RED CELLS AND FIBRIN STRANDS INVOLVED.
Slide 99: CLOT-INDUCING MEDICAL NANOROBOTS WITH FULLY-DEPLOYED NETTING ARE SHOWN EMBEDDED IN A PATCHLIKE GROWING CLOT WITH RED CELLS AND FIBRIN STRANDS INVOLVED (A CLOSER LOOK)
Slide 100: ROUGH ESTIMATES SAYS THAT THIS WILL BE ACHIEVED IN ABOUT 10-20YEARS DISADVANTAGES OF NEW DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS COST IS VERY HIGH
Slide 101: CONCLUSION EVEN THOUGH THE COST OF THESE METHODS ARE PROHIBITIVELY HIGH, THEY STILL OFFER MANY ADVANTAGES ALL THE NEWER METHODS HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO FULFILL THE CURRENT MEDICAL NEEDS AND THUS ARE THE METHODS FOR IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Slide 102: REFERENCES PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY H.L SHARMA,K.K SHARMA INDIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY VOL-39 WWW.ENCAPSULA.COM