new drug delivery systems

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By: abhipray (1 month(s) ago)

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By: kvijaya (7 month(s) ago)

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Presentation Transcript

Slide 1:

NEW DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS Dr M.BHEEMESH PG IN PHARMACOLOGY GUNTUR MEDICAL COLLEGE

Slide 2:

INTRODUCING A NEW DRUG TO MARKET COSTS AN AVERAGE US$ 897 MILLLON/4485 CRORES PROCESS FOR APPROVAL MAY TAKE UP TO 15 YEARS

Slide 3:

SO ALREADY EXISTING TIME TESTED DRUGS ARE EFFECTIVELY USED BY INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACHES TO INCREASE THERE EFFICACY

Slide 4:

ADVANTAGES: INCREASE DRUG BIO AVAILABULITY IN REQUIRED ZONE PREVENT/MINIMISE HARMFULL SIDE EFFECTS MINIMISE DRUG DEGRADATION AND LOSS

Slide 5:

1.ENTERAL ROUTES: ORAL, SUB LINGUAL,RECTAL 2.PARENTERAL ROUTES: I.V,I.M,INRADERMAL,SUB CUTANEOUS,INHALATIONAL 3.TOPICAL ROUTES: TRANSDERMAL,CONJUNCTIVAL, VAGINAL AND URETHRAL

Slide 6:

MATRIX TABLET

Slide 7:

DRUG IS IN CORPORATED IN A LATTICE or INERT MESHWORK Matrix tablet ADVANTAGE: SINGLE DAILY SUSTAINED RELEASE OF THE DRUG

Slide 8:

PRODRUG INACTIVE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AFTER ADMINISTRATION UNDERGOES BIOTRANSFORMATION TO PHARMACOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS

Slide 10:

TRANS DERMAL DRUG DELIVERY

Slide 11:

TRANS DERMAL DRUG DELIVERY THESE ARE ADHESIVE PATCHES CONTAINING DRUG WHICH PASSIVELY DIFFUSES THROUGH THE SKIN CURRENTLY USED DRUGS ARE: NITROGLYCERINE, CONTRACEPTIVES etc

Slide 12:

ADVANTAGES CONTINUOUS DRUG DELIVERY NO PAIN NO MISSING OF DOSE DIS-ADVANTAGES DRUG DELIVERY IS PASSIVE LARGE MOLECULAR WEIGHT DRUGS ARE NOT DELIVERED

Slide 13:

Newer ` ACTIVE ’ technologies in Transdermal drug delivery 1,IONTOPORESIS 2,LASER ASSISTED TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY

Slide 14:

IONTOPORESIS

Slide 15:

ADVANTAGE: DRUG DELIVERED CAN BE MEASURED DIS ADVANTAGE : CAN`T DELIVER LARGE MOLECULAR WEIGHT DRUGS

Slide 16:

LASER ASSISTED TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY

PORES ARE MADE ON SKIN USING LASER :

PORES ARE MADE ON SKIN USING LASER

LARGE MOLECULAR WEIGHT DRUGS CAN BE DELIVERED THROUGH SKIN PERFORATIONS:

LARGE MOLECULAR WEIGHT DRUGS CAN BE DELIVERED THROUGH SKIN PERFORATIONS

Slide 19:

MICRO ELECTRICAL MECHANICAL SYSTEM [MEMS] SYRINGE FREEZE - DRIED DRUG STORED IN ITS SILICON RUBBER RESERVOIR

Slide 20:

ADVANTAGES LESS PAIN NO NERVE DAMAGE NO INJECTION ABSCESS DIS ADVANTAGES HIGH COST

Slide 21:

PEN JET

Slide 22:

IT’S A NEW METHOD OF DELIVERING DRUG IN TO SUBCUTANEOUS PLANE MECHANISM: USING COMPRESSED GAS DRUG IS FORCED TO PASS THROUGH THE SKIN. ADV:1 NON-INVASIVE 2, POWDERS AND LIQUIDS CAN BE USED

Slide 23:

NASAL DRUG DELIVERY LOCAL: ANTIHISTAMINICS SYSTEMIC:DESMOPRESSIN FOR DIABETES INSIPIDUS NASOCOBALAMINE FOR PERNICIOUS ANEMIA

Slide 24:

Site of drug spray & absorption

Slide 25:

ADVANTAGES By passes liver first pass metabolism

Slide 26:

POLYMER DELIVERY SYSTEM DRUG IS ENTRAPED IN SOLID POLYMER LIKE SILICONE RUBBER WHICH IS IMPLANTED or INJECTED IN BODY E.g.: norplant progestasert

Slide 27:

NORPLANT LEVONORGESTROL SUBDERMALLY IMPLANTED PROVIDES CONTRACEPTIVE PROTECTION FOR 5 Years

Slide 28:

PROGESTASERT INTRA UTERINE CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICE CONTROL RELEASE OF PROGESTERONE FOR A YEAR

Slide 29:

ADVANTAGES NO MISSING OF DOSE DIS ADVANTAGES ECTOPIC PREGNANCY CHANCE OF P.I.D

Slide 30:

OCUSERT PLACED UNDER THE EYELID DELIVERS A STEADY FLOW ROUND THE CLOCK FOR 7 Days P ILOCARPINE

Slide 31:

DIS ADVANTAGE: LIMITED SUCCESS DUE TO HIGH IRRITATION AND COMPLICATED APPLICATION

Slide 32:

DRUG-ELUTING STENTS A METALLIC DEVICE CONTAINS A DRUG GRADUALLY RELEASED OVER 14-30 DAYS DRUGES USED: SIROLIMUS PACLITAXEL

Slide 33:

SIROLIMUS HELPS IN PREVENTING RE -STENOSIS

Slide 34:

TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYETEM 1 ,LIPOSOMES 2 ,MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES 3 ,NANO TECHNOLOGY MEDIATED DRUG DELIVERY

Slide 35:

LIPOSOMES LIPOSOMES ARE A FORM OF VESICLES -Dr ALEC D BANGHAM LIPOS-FAT, SOME-BODIES

Slide 44:

Multi vesicular liposome

Slide 47:

STEALTH LIPOSOME

Slide 49:

DRUGS DELIVERED THROUGH LIPOSOMES: AMPHOTERICIN B DAUNORUBICIN DOXORUBICIN

Slide 50:

MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES [M A B] Also known as MAGIC BULLET GOT NOBEL PRIZE IN 1984 INVENTED BY KOHLER and MILSTEIN IN 1975

Slide 51:

MABs ARE A CLASS OF HIGHLY SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES PRODUCED BY THE CLONES OF A SINGLE HYBRID CELL FORMED IN THE LABORATORY BY THE FUSION OF B-LYMPHOCYTES WITH A TUMOUR CELL. Definition:

Slide 53:

MABs ARE PRODUCED 1]IN ANIMALS 2] IN CELL-CULTURE 3]BATCH TISSUE-CULTURE METHODS 4]BY IN VITRO TECHNIQUES IN VITRO TECHNIQUES ARE USED IN MORE THAN 90% OF CASES

Slide 54:

MABs ARE CLASSIFIED INTO GENERATIONS AS PER THEIR EVOLUTION AND IMMUNOGENICITY FIRST GENERATION MABs:DEVELOPED FROM MURINE,RABBIT, RATS. DISADVANTAGES : Abs TO THESE FOREIGN ANTIGENS HAMA-HUMAN ANTI-MOUSE ANTIBODIES HARA-HUMAN ANTI-RABBIT ANTIBODIES

Slide 55:

2] SECOND GENERATION Mabs RECOMBINANT DNA technology [OR] GENETIC ENGINEERING is used to construct hybrids composed of human anti body regions linked with primate or murine back bone.

Slide 56:

1,FIRST GENERATION Abs 2,SECOND GENERATION Abs MONOCLONAL ANTI BODIES 1,chimeric Abs e.g : infliximab,rituximab 2,humanised Abs e.g:daclizumab,trastuzumab 3,primatized Abs 4,genetically engineered Abs e.g. ALEMTUZUMAB

Slide 57:

MECHANISM OF TRASTUZUMAB ACTION

Slide 73:

DIS ADVANTAGES 1] COST IS VERY HIGH 2] PHARMACO VIGILANCE STUDIES REVEALED THAT RITUXIMAB IS CAUSING PROGRESSIVE MYELOENCEPHALOPATHY.

Slide 74:

NANO TECHNOLOGY The study and manufacture of devices of molecular dimensions, in the range of nanometers or one-billionth of a meter Definition:

Slide 75:

Diagnostic - Imaging - Quantum dots - Microscopic sampling APPLICATIONS OF NANO TECHNOLOGY Therapeutic Delivering medication to the exact location Treatment of cancer Repair of damaged tissues

Slide 76:

TREATMENT OF CANCER WITH MAGNETIC NANO PARTICLES NANO PARTICLE OF SIZE 20 nm

Slide 77:

500 times smaller than R.B.C cell

Slide 78:

1 ml OF NANO SOLUTION CONTAINS 1TRILLION NANO PARTICLES

Slide 79:

GLIO BLASTOMA

Slide 84:

ALTERNATIVE MAGNETIC FIELD 1000/SEC

Slide 89:

FUTURE TRENDS

Slide 90:

“A microscopic machine roaming through the bloodstream, injecting or taking samples for identification and determining the concentrations of different compounds"

Slide 91:

Mechanical drilling of a small tumor mass by a nanorobot

Slide 92:

Four remote-controlled nanorobots examine and clean the subocclusal surfaces of a patient's teeth, near the gumline. Dental Robots

Slide 93:

Medical nanodevices could augment the immune system by finding and disabling unwanted bacteria and viruses.

Slide 94:

A NANOROBOT NIBBLING ON AN ATHEROSCLEROTIC DEPOSIT IN A BLOOD VESSEL

Slide 95:

VIRUS FINDER

Slide 96:

CLOT-INDUCING MEDICAL NANOROBOTS ARE SHOWN IN VARIOUS STAGES OF CLOT-NETTING DEPLOYMENT.

Slide 97:

AN ARRAY OF NINE CLOT-INDUCING MEDICAL NANOROBOTS ARE SHOWN WITH THEIR CLOT-NETTING FULLY DEPLOYED AND INTERLACED.

Slide 98:

MEDICAL NANOROBOTS WITH FULLY DEPLOYED NETTING ARE SHOWN EMBEDDED IN A PATCHLIKE GROWING CLOT WITH RED CELLS AND FIBRIN STRANDS INVOLVED.

Slide 99:

CLOT-INDUCING MEDICAL NANOROBOTS WITH FULLY-DEPLOYED NETTING ARE SHOWN EMBEDDED IN A PATCHLIKE GROWING CLOT WITH RED CELLS AND FIBRIN STRANDS INVOLVED (A CLOSER LOOK)

Slide 100:

ROUGH ESTIMATES SAYS THAT THIS WILL BE ACHIEVED IN ABOUT 10-20YEARS DISADVANTAGES OF NEW DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS COST IS VERY HIGH

Slide 101:

CONCLUSION EVEN THOUGH THE COST OF THESE METHODS ARE PROHIBITIVELY HIGH, THEY STILL OFFER MANY ADVANTAGES ALL THE NEWER METHODS HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO FULFILL THE CURRENT MEDICAL NEEDS AND THUS ARE THE METHODS FOR IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Slide 102:

REFERENCES PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY H.L SHARMA,K.K SHARMA INDIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY VOL-39 WWW.ENCAPSULA.COM