19th Century Reform Movements

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19th Century Reform Movements : 

19th Century Reform Movements

What is a reform movement? : 

What is a reform movement? Social movement – involves people and their ideas. Reform = changing things to make them better. Seeking to change society, individuals. In the early- to mid-19th century, many different reform movements popped up and sought to make changes to American society.

Reasons for Reform Movements : 

Reasons for Reform Movements Industrial revolution Second Great Awakening New ideas about gender roles/home life In the following pages, we will briefly discuss all these reasons, as well as introduce you to some of the reform movements.

The Industrial Revolution : 

The Industrial Revolution Increase in urban poverty Urban decay/pollution Child labor Loss of the “traditional” way of life – feelings of discontent. Image: "A View in Whitechapel Road“, H.T. Aiken, 1831. Accessed from Wikimedia Commons.

Second Great Awakening : 

Second Great Awakening Religious Revivalism United States All can be saved through repentance. Creating God’s kingdom on earth. Belief in the Second Coming of Christ. Image: Methodist Revival, 1839. Accessed from Wikimedia Commons

The Cult of Domesticity : 

The Cult of Domesticity Rise of the middle class – women no longer needed to work. Women as the keepers of society’s morals. “Doing good works” – improving society through charity work. Opportunity for social/creative outlet.

What were the reform movements? : 

What were the reform movements? Abolition – Movement to get rid of slavery. Temperance – Movement to rid society of the evils of alcohol. Utopian Communities – Examples of perfect ways of life. Most famous were the Shakers and the Oneida Community. Women’s Rights Prison Reform School Reform Rights of Disabled

What next? : 

What next? Next, follow the link in the learning module to the readings in Digital History. As you read more about reform movements, you will be creating a graphic organizer in Cadoo to organize the information you are learning.