Sensory Processing and SPD Definitions and Explanations IONIA 5 21 11

Sensory Processing Disorders:

S e n s o r y Processing Disorders Ben Atchison and Tristin Cowell Department of Occupational Therapy Western Michigan University

Sensory Processing:

Sensory Processing Definitions and Explanations

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Consider … A Very Hot Cup of Coffee …

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Now, consider sensory based requirements now that coffee is cooled…

Sensory Processing is..:

A term that refers to the way the central nervous system takes in sensory information and responds Sensory Processing is..

Normal Sensory Processing :

Normal Sensory Processing All the senses work individually and with each other to allow smooth and effective responses to stimuli V A O T G P MVT

However…:

However… Like a finely tuned engine, sensory processing can sputter… …..and perhaps breakdown.

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Resulting in.. A Sensory Processing Disorder V A O T G M

Applicable Conditions :

Applicable Conditions Children with a history of abuse and neglect Autism Pervasive Developmental Disorders Fragile X Syndrome Learning Disabilities Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and FAE

Applicable Conditions:

Applicable Conditions ADHD ADD Schizophrenia Mental Impairment..especially severe and profound CNS Processing Dysfunction, not specified

Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD):

Sensory Processing Disorder ( SPD ) SPD IS now recognized in a diagnostic taxonomy—the new Diagnostic Manual of Infancy and Early Childhood Published by Interdisciplinary Council on Development and Learning Disorders (ICDL) Stanley Greenspan is chair of the ICDL

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Patterns of Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) Sensory Modulation Disorder Sensory-Based Motor Disorder Sensory Discrimination Disorder SOR SUR SS SOR=Sensory Over-reactivity-Low threshold SUR=Sensory Under-reactivity-High Threshold SS=Sensory Seeking/Craving-High Threshold 2004, SU Workgroup-Miller, Lane, Anzalone, Osten Dsypraxia Postural Disorders Visual Auditory Tactile Vestibular Taste Smell

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SENSORY MODULATION …. The capacity to regulate and organize the degree, intensity, and nature of responses to sensory input in a graded and adaptive manner. McIntosh, Miller, Shyu, & Hagerman, 1999

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SOR SUR

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Sensory Events Over Time Low Arousal Optimal Level of Arousal Sensory Overload Sensory overload, shut down Sensory Overresponsive Regulated, Non Defensive Underresponsive Wilbarger, 1991 High Arousal

Sensory Modulation Disorders Sensory Over-Responsivity:

Sensory Modulation Disorders Sensory Over-Responsivity

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SOR Behaviors include Oversensitivity to: Textures Glue, mud, etc. on hands Feeling crumbs on mouth Playing on swings and other anti-gravity things Bright lights Changes in posture such as somersaults Irritable, fussy Excessively cautious Is upset by transitions and unexpected changes Unsociable; difficulty forming relationships Source: Miller, L (2006) Sensational Kids

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Sensory Over-Responsivity

Sensory Modulation Disorders Sensory Under-Responsivity:

Sensory Modulation Disorders Sensory Under-Responsivity

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SUR Behaviors include: High pain tolerance; doesn’t cry when hurt Doesn’t notice when being touched Doesn’t like trying new activities Seems unaware of things around him Has to watch hands when using them Doesn’t notice noxious smells Source: Miller, L (2006) Sensational Kids

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SUR Behaviors: Prefers sedentary vs active, physical play Easily lost in fantasy world Passive, quiet withdrawn Apathetic

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Is something we all engage in… Sensory Modulation Disorders Sensory Seeking

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However, sensory seeking can result in disorganized behavior or random behavior that is limited in its purpose…

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Sensory-Seeking Behaviors Include: Loves to crash, bump, jump Loves “roughhousing” Constantly touching, poking Frequently stares at objects, reflections Has difficulty sitting still Hard to calm “Fidgety”

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Sensory-Seeking Behaviors Include Constant motion Takes excessive risks Likes to lick, chew, suck non edibles Likes TV, music at high volume

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SENSORY BASED MOTOR …. Includes postural integration, which allows for movement foundation and praxis, which is the ability to plan and perform a novel motor action or series of motor actions. Miller and Lane, 2000

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Behaviors indicating Sensory Based Motor Disorders: Difficulty learning new motor skills Often trips, bumps into things Slow developmental to sit, crawl, walk, run Difficulty with following directions Problems keeping things organized Messy eater

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Behaviors indicating Sensory Based Motor Disorders Difficulty with sequential tasks such as getting dressed Difficulty with handwriting Frequently breaks toys

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SENSORY DISCRIMINATION …. The ability to discern the qualities, similarities, and differences among sensory stimuli, including differentiation of the temporal or spatial qualities of sensory input. Miller and Lane, 2000

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Visual Discrimination

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Auditory Discrimination

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Tactile Discrimination

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Vestibular Discrimination

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Oral Sensory Discrimination

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Olfactory Discrimination

Sensory Modulation Disorders Sensory Discrimination:

Sensory Modulation Disorders Sensory Discrimination Behaviors Indicating Disorders Difficulty knowing what is being held without seeing it Judging force such as amount of pressure to hold pencil Awareness of differences in sounds, smells, visual symbols Gets lost easily Sorting out background stimuli and attending to the essential stimulus at hand “bog” for dog “caf” for cat Vase or Faces?

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In Summary…….

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Patterns of Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) Sensory Modulation Disorder Sensory-Based Motor Disorder Sensory Discrimination Disorder SOR SUR SS SOR=Sensory Over-reactivity-Low threshold SUR=Sensory Under-reactivity-High Threshold SS=Sensory Seeking/Craving-High Threshold 2004, SU Workgroup-Miller, Lane, Anzalone, Osten Dsypraxia Postural Disorders Visual Auditory Tactile Vestibular Taste Smell

End of Part One of Sensory Processing: Definitions and Concepts :

End of Part One of Sensory Processing: Definitions and Concepts Please Go To Part 2: Assessment and Intervention of Sensory Processing Disorders